Diss. Recht Bern, 1941.

Zugl.: Osnabrück, Univ., Diss., 2005

The Swedish winters 2009/10 and 2010/11 were rich in snow and many roofs collapsed, mainly largespan frames. Investigations were made and the amount of snow was not the primary cause, insteadthere were several other causes. One of these was that in some cases roofs were shoveled in anunfavorable manner which affected the load patterns negatively, so causing the roofs to collapse.Most people lack the knowledge of how shoveling will affect the roof. Had there been an increasedunderstanding regarding shoveling, some roofs could have been prevented from collapsing. Through both qualitative and quantitative research in the form of interviews and calculations thetheoretically best ways to shovel a selection of roof types is presented in the report. The roofstructures covered are 3-compartment, continuous and Gerberspliced metal roof decks. Thecalculations only concern the bending moments in the decks. The results show that differentmethods are required depending on the type of structure. Therefore it is very important to knowwhat kind of a building is to be shoveled. To ensure that this information should be easy to understand and apply, a template has beendesigned with tips and advice for the structural engineer on how to establish a plan for shoveling.The plan for shoveling should then be passed on to the property owner with instructions, tips andadvice on how to attend to his property before, during and after the snow has fallen.

Thesis (M. Env. Studies)--University of Adelaide, 1991. / Includes bibliographical references.

Bachelor-Arbeit Univ. St. Gallen, 2005.

Diss. Rechts- u. Wirtschaftswiss. Bern, 1958. / [Andere Ausg.:] Diss. rer. pol. Bern.

Zugl.: Osnabrück, Univ., Diss., 2005

Skin turbidity limits light based medical applications while increasing the risk of epidermal thermal injury. Collagen fibers are responsible for the majority of light scattering within skin. Chemicals, known as clearing agents, reduce tissue light scattering with the potential to increase the efficacy of light based imaging and therapeutic applications. Three hypotheses have been suggested for the clearing mechanism: index of refraction matching between clearing agent and collagen, tissue dehydration, and agent induced collagen structure perturbation. This study investigates optical clearing in skin while presenting a comprehensive clearing mechanism. Clearing was found to be a complex process with thermodynamic and kinetic components. Concentration gradients drive clearing agents to diffuse into skin and remove water. The introduction of clearing agents into the tissue reduces light scatter. The speed of clearing was found to increase with molecular size and number of hydroxyl groups. The molecular modeling program CHARMM suggests collagen affinity plays a major role in clearing agents’ ability to interact with collagen and remove bound water. Collagen solubility is a measure of clearing agent affinity for collagen and was found as a predictor of agent clearing potential. Increasing agent molecular size led to a greater reduction of fibrillogenesis with corresponding high collagen solubility. Raman spectroscopy quantified clearing agent induced dehydration of dermal collagen. Clearing agent ability to dehydrate dermal collagen corresponded with collagen affinity and the ability to clear tissue optically. The most effective clearing agents were found to remove bound water with the greatest efficacy. Replacement of collagen triple helix bound water by clearing agents with an index of refraction similar to collagen optically homogenizes skin tissue leading to a reduction in light scattering. Through dehydration of collagen with concomitant diffusion of clearing agent into collagen, the skin is homogenized leading to a large reduction in tissue light scattering.

A systematic procedure is proposed in this thesis to study the effect of temperature change to the power system load demand by using the typical load patterns of customer classes. The billing data of all service customers are retrieved to derive the daily load profile of the selected Taipower district. To verify the accuracy of the estimated load composition, the simulation results are compared to the actual load profile collected by the SCADA system. The sensitivity analysis of load demand with respect to the temperature change for each customer class is performed by statistic regression according to the actual customer power consumption and temperature data. With temperature rise, the load contribution by each customer class is updated by the corresponding temperature sensitivity and integrated together to form the new load profile of the service district. To investigate the effect of customer load characteristics to system stability, the equivalent circuit of Taipower 345 KV network is created. With the integration of the load composition by load survey study and temperature sensitivity of customer load, the load demand of each load bus is derived. For fault contingency of system buses, the transient stability analysis has performed to determine the critical clearing time under different temperature conditions.

Thesis (PhDEnvironmentalManagement)--University of South Australia, 2004.