Länder som skrivit under parisavtalet har som mål att sänka sina utsläpp av växthusgaser, men också med hjälp av mänsklig aktivitet absorbera växthusgasutsläpp för att förhindra den globala uppvärmningen till max 1,5°C under 2000-talet. Satsningar som berör mänsklig aktivitet är bland annat Bio-energy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) och tillämpning av biokol. Sektorer som måste genomgå förändringar angående hur de bedriver sina verksamheter är bland annat transport, energiproduktion, fastigheter och lantbruk med mera. Studiens syfte är att beskriva kolsänkemetoderna BECCS och biokol samt kartlägga växthusgasutsläppen på en fastighet med hänsyn till dess drift och påvisa hur stor andel lagrad koldioxid som behövs för att fastigheten skall bli klimatpositiv. Kartlägga studenters intressen med hänsyn till klimatpositiva produkter och tjänster. Studien utgår från att göra en bokförings-livscykelanalys (BLCA) och information hämtas direkt från bolaget som ansvarar för driften av fastigheten samt utgår från hållbarhetsrapporter från företag och organisationer som har emissionsfaktorer gällande el och fjärrvärme kopplat till fastigheten. En marknadsundersökning riktad mot studenter genomfördes även för att kartlägga studenters intresse angående klimatpositiva produkter och tjänster. Fastigheten släpper ut ca 15,4 kg CO2e / m2 per år med avseende på drift. Det framkommer även att ca 70 procent av de tillfrågade studenterna är intresserade av klimatpositiva produkter och tjänster. Några slutsatser ur studien är att de kan installeras en förnybar energikälla på fastigheten och teckna elavtal gällande grön el för att minska koldioxidutsläppen. / Countries that have signed the Paris agreement aims to decrease their greenhouse gas emissions, and with the help of human activity absorb greenhouse gases to prevent a global temperature increase of 1,5°C before the turn of the century. Investments that involve human activity include Bioenergy with carbon capture storage (BECCS) and usage of biochar. Among the sectors that need to make a change regarding their behavior towards greenhouse gas emission are transportation, energy production, real estate, and agriculture. The purpose of this study is to describe BECCS and biochar as a method for decrease greenhouse gas emissions. Calculate the greenhouse gas emissions for a premise regarding its operational activities and determine how much carbon dioxide the premise need to store in order to obtain climate positive status. Determine students interests regarding climate positive products and services. The study used the life-cycle analysis method to determine how much greenhouse gas emissions the premise emitted. The information was obtained by the company that is responsible for the operational activities and emission factors for the district heating and electricity was obtained from secondary sources connected to the premise. A survey aimed at students was conducted to determine the interest of the students regarding climate positive products and services. The premise emitted approximately 15,4Kg CO2e/m2 Atemp per year for its’ operational activities. Approximately 70 percent of the students that answered the survey are interested in climate positive products and services. Conclusion from the study involves installing a renewable energy source on the premise and signing an electricity agreement regarding green electricity in order to decrease carbon dioxide emissions.

Sustainability is a complex system of interaction between a hospital, individual, community, and environmental factors that is required to work in harmony to keep a patient healthy. With the complexities that exist within healthcare, the nurse leader is required to ensure that the care environment, processes and the safety behaviours required from nurses to provide safe healthcare is in place and sustained to contribute to the enhancement of patient safety, whilst in the care of the diverse nursing workforce. The aim of the study is to develop an action plan to sustain best safety culture practices for improved patient outcomes in hospitals with a culturally diverse nursing workforce. Methodology: A multiple method design was utilised to study the safety culture and positive work environment (hospital climate) that exists among culturally diverse nurses and how it is managed by the nurse managers in order to identify and describe actions that can be included in an action plan to sustain best safety culture practices for improved patient outcomes. Purposeful and convenience sampling methods were used in the study. Two hospitals, with a very diverse nursing workforce were purposefully selected to participate in the study. Pretesting of the questionnaire and e-Delphi embedded assessment validation instrument were done by participants not part of sample groups. Phase 1: The Hospitals outcomes data for nursing admission assessment within 24-hours, falls and hospital acquired pressure ulcer incidences and hand hygiene rates were collected on a checklist. Phase 2: Two questionnaires (1) nurses capturing: biographical data and culture, patient safety (nursing admission assessment within 24-hours, falls and HAPU and hand hygiene), and safety culture and positive work environment (hospital climate); (2) nurse managers capturing: biographical data and culture, patient safety (nursing admission assessment within 24- hours, falls and HAPU and hand hygiene), safety culture and Positive Work Environment (hospital climate) and just culture practices. Phase 3: the Draft e-Delphi action plan with embedded assessment validation instrument was developed. Phase 4: The panel experts selected to validate the e-Delphi draft action plan with embedded assessment validation instrument in pre-determined rounds. Data analysis: Phase 1: The outcomes data was displayed in bar graphs and illustrated that (1) the nursing admission assessment within 24 hour period not been sustained over time for the medical, surgical, paediatric and critical care areas; (2) a hundred and sixty two fall incidence; (3) ninety six HAPU incidences and (4) hand hygiene rate of between 80-94% being reported. Phase 2: A participation rate of 46.33% by nurses and 73.91% by nurse managers were achieved. The data for the 2 questionnaires indicated the need to include 54 action statement to address the culture, patient safety, hospital climate (PWE), safety culture and just culture gaps identified. Phase 3: the e-Delphi draft action plan developed based on literature review and data from phase 1 and phase 2. Phase 4: 100% participation rate was achieved. Consensus was reached within two rounds that the 54 action statements are essential and important for patient safety and identified the responsible persons required enacting on action statement and timeframe required to complete action. Recommendation: The Action Plan to enhance a sustainable Culture of Safety to improve patient outcomes were decided by panel experts. Plan to disseminate the plan among the CNO for implementation. / Health Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)

The purpose of this report is to get an overview of the CO2 reduction possibilities when adopting different renewable energy source, when the case studied building sustains a district heating network connection and when not, and how the renewable energy source flexibilities (Solar and Wind) differ depending on region. The method regards a ETC house that falls into the climate positive category and assesses the reduction when comparing CO2 emissions form the energy demand. The result for the flexibilities is then compared to the BBR demand. The result shows a difference of around 10% in production for the flexibilities when comparing the northern and middle region with the southern. And a decrease between 19-36% gCO2. Comparing a scenario with and without a connection to the district heating network showed that when the ground source heat pump offsets the energy demand, CO2, and cost reductions (6 and 4% respectively) can be seen. With an average installation cost, the payback period for the ground source heat pump can be estimated to be around 4 year. In conclusion the thesis project shows that the climate is a ruling factor when assessing energy questions for the residential sector. It also shows the difference in CO2 and cost that comes with it can be reduced and help mitigated the sectors effects on the environment. This in turn shows that the overall reduction of CO2 for the case studied building follows the demands and goals set by the European commission and gives motivation to expand the construction as cost is also reduced.