Clinical judgment faith bias is a hypothesized tendency for clinicians to make more pathological judgments for clients with socially nonnormative faith than for otherwise identical clients with socially normative faith. To test for clinical judgment faith bias, Dillman’s (2007) Tailored Design method for mail and internet surveys was employed. A random sample of 141 psychologists in clinical practice completed a series of questionnaires measuring clinician religiousness and spirituality, view of faith helpfulness, multicultural awareness and knowledge, and diagnostic and prognostic judgments of a clinical vignette describing a client with Generalized Anxiety Disorder and two manipulated attributes: magnitude of faith (low, moderate, or high) and type of faith (religious or spiritual). Five multivariate multiple regression analyses were conducted, with a series of follow-up multivariate tests. The results of the analyses were not significant. The magnitude of faith in the vignette did not influence the diagnostic or prognostic judgments of clinicians, clinicians did not make significantly different judgments for religious cases than for spiritual cases, and faith magnitude did not interact with faith type. Furthermore, clinician attributes did not appear to affect clinical judgments in any way. Implications are discussed for theory, research and clinical practice. / Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services

Studies of diagnostic accuracy often report paired tests for sensitivity and specificity that can be pooled separately to produce summary estimates in a meta-analysis. This was done recently for a systematic review of radiographers' reporting accuracy of plain radiographs. The problem with pooling sensitivities and specificities separately is that it does not acknowledge any possible (negative) correlation between these two measures. A possible cause of this negative correlation is that different thresholds are used in studies to define abnormal and normal radiographs because of implicit variations in thresholds that occur when radiographers' report plain radiographs. A method that allows for the correlation that can exist between pairs of sensitivity and specificity within a study using a random effects approach is the bivariate model. When estimates of accuracy as a fixed-effects model were pooled separately, radiographers' reported plain radiographs in clinical practice at 93% (95% confidence interval (CI) 92-93%) sensitivity and 98% (95% CI 98-98%) specificity. The bivariate model produced the same summary estimates of sensitivity and specificity but with wider confidence intervals (93% (95% CI 91-95%) and 98% (95% CI 96-98%), respectively) that take into account the heterogeneity beyond chance between studies. This method also allowed us to calculate a 95% confidence ellipse around the mean values of sensitivity and specificity and a 95% prediction ellipse for individual values of sensitivity and specificity. The bivariate model is an improvement on pooling sensitivity and specificity separately when there is a threshold effect, and it is the preferred method of choice.

Diss. Linköping : Univ., 2004.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2005. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2007. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1990.

Thesis (MEd (Assessment and quality assurance))-University of Pretoria, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1990.

Clinical facilitators facilitate the clinical training of students in the hospitals at which students are placed for the practical component of their studies. Clinical facilitators’ success depends on their ability to facilitate students effectively. Students who have been effectively facilitated have the potential to become competent bedside nurses to their patients. This is sure to lead to better patient outcomes and will therefore have a direct impact on the quality of nursing care. The clinical facilitators who are appointed to facilitate students in the clinical learning environment are, however, not necessarily empowered and skilled to teach their students effectively. If their own mentoring needs are addressed, clinical facilitators may be assisted to become more effective in their transition from clinician to clinical facilitator. A qualitative study was conducted with the purpose to explore and describe the mentoring needs of clinical facilitators with a view to proposing a mentoring programme for effective clinical facilitation. Data were collected by means of focus groups with clinical facilitators working in a private hospital group. The findings of this study confirmed the need for mentoring. Mentoring of clinical facilitators contributes to their skills and understanding of clinical facilitation. As an outcome of the study, an outline of a mentoring programme was drawn up which could be used in the orientation and mentoring of novice clinical facilitators. / Health Studies / M.A. (Health Studies)

Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-22T20:49:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-05-27. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-11T03:25:24Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 Publico-00201.pdf: 1635935 bytes, checksum: 72921c7c9adb27be0c88d95595380ab7 (MD5) / O presente estudo teve como tema de pesquisa a vivência clínica hospitalar do enfermeiro na Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde da Família. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa na vertente fenomenológica e almejou compreender o significado da vivência clínica hospitalar na formação do enfermeiro na Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde da Família (RMSF). O estudo foi desenvolvido no curso de Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde da Família de uma Instituição de Ensino da Cidade de São Paulo. A coleta dos dados utilizou a entrevista, tendo como população do estudo oito enfermeiros residentes. Busquei, nos discursos dos residentes suas vivências, por meio da seguinte questão norteadora: “Fale de sua vivência hospitalar, como ela se mostra na sua formação enquanto residente”? Das descrições dos sujeitos, emergiram três categorias abertas: “Aproximando a vivência hospitalar e a Atenção Primária à Saúde”; “Uma aprendizagem significativa”, “Vivenciando o cotidiano da Residência”. A vivência hospitalar é descrita como importante na formação do residente, pela possibilidade de aprimorar competências, dentre elas, a competência clínica. Dos significados atribuídos à vivência hospitalar, encontra-se a necessidade e relevância da vivência clínica hospitalar como parte integrante do currículo da Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde da Família para os enfermeiros. / The purpose of this study was to evaluate the hospital clinical experience of the Family Health nurse in a Multiprofessional Residency. This qualitative research in phenomenological design aimed at understanding the meaning of hospital clinical experience in the nurse’s training in a Multiprofessional Family Health Residency. The study was developed in a Multiprofessional Family Health Residency course conducted by a teaching institution in São Paulo city. The data collection was based on interviews and had as study population eight resident nurses. I investigated the residents’ experience according to their speeches, by making the following guiding question: “Talk about your hospital experience, how does it show itself in your training as a resident”? Three open categories emerged from the subjects’ descriptions: “Causing to approach the hospital experience and the Primary Health Care”; “A significant learning”, ” Experiencing the day-to-day of the Residency”. The hospital experience is described as an important issue in the resident’s training, due to the possibility of improving competences, among them, the clinical competence. Among the meanings attributed to the hospital experience, there is the need and relevance of the hospital clinical experience as an integrant part of the curriculum vitae of the Multiprofessional Family Health Residency for the nurses. / TEDE / BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações