Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-24T19:38:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RolanRessetti.pdf: 2007369 bytes, checksum: 6bc9ceef82ff75ec59df48247854bdb9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-09 / This work aims to study the process of bio-decomposition of organic household waste in closed reactors type "BIOLAR" and characterize the compound obtained using conventional methods and spectroscopic techniques. In this perspective were made two bio-decomposer, inside which are placed daily household waste organic packed with sawdust in a volume of 17% and 52% respectively. To monitor the process and characterization of the compound were obtained from measurements of temperature, elemental analysis, pH, ash content, cation exchange capacity and spectroscopic analysis of UV / Vis, IR and NMR of 13C. Higher temperatures at the top showed a higher biological activity in the upper layers, where contact with the air enabled the aerobic degradation, with a stabilization stronger. Changes in pH had a more acid in the lower regions, where there should be a process of anaerobic degradation. The C / N ratio showed greater stability in a bio-decomposer 1, where the waste is packed with 17% sawdust, but it was not a reliable parameter to indicate the end of the process, as shown by the results of other analyzes. According to the results of the ash content, UV-Vis, NMR of 13C and IR, the process of biodecomposition was more effective in a bio-decomposer 1. It can be concluded that there were finally bio-decomposition processes of aerobic and anaerobic associated promoting stabilization or humification of organic matter in both bio-decomposer. However, the compound obtained in a bio-decomposer 1 obtained a degree of maturation and stabilization higher, with the most suitable conditions to be used as fertilizer. / Este trabalho tem por objetivo estudar o processo de biodecomposição de resíduos orgânicos domésticos (ROD) em reatores fechados tipo “BIOLAR” e caracterizar o composto obtido utilizando métodos convencionais e técnicas espectroscópicas. Dentro desta perspectiva foram feitos dois biodecompositores, no interior dos quais foram colocados diariamente ROD acondicionados com serragem, num volume de 17 % e 52 % respectivamente. Para o acompanhamento do processo e caracterização do composto obtido foram realizadas medidas de temperatura, análise elementar, pH, teor de cinzas, CTC e análises espectroscópicas de UV/Vis, IV e RMN de C13. As temperaturas mais elevadas no topo demonstraram uma maior atividade biológica nas camadas superiores, onde o contato com o ar possibilitou uma degradação aeróbia, com uma estabilização mais intensa. As variações de pH apresentaram caráter mais ácido nas regiões inferiores, onde deve ocorrer um processo de degradação anaeróbio. A razão C/N demonstrou maior estabilização no biodecompositor 1, onde os resíduos foram acondicionados com 17 % de serragem, porém não foi um parâmetro seguro para indicar o final do processo, conforme demonstraram os resultados das demais análises. De acordo com os resultados obtidos pelo teor de cinzas, UV-Vis, IV e RMN de C13, o processo de biodecomposição foi mais efetivo no biodecompositor 1. Pode-se concluir finalmente que ocorreram processos de biodecomposição aeróbios e anaeróbios associados, promovendo a estabilização ou humificação da matéria orgânica em ambos os biodecompositores. Porém o composto obtido no biodecompositor 1 obteve um grau de estabilização e maturação mais elevado, apresentando condições mais adequadas para ser empregado como fertilizante.

L’objectif du travail est l’étude du processus d’adsorption-désorption d’un colorant azoïque sur l’argile naturelle provenant de deux gisements tunisiens. L’expérimentation en laboratoire a été menée en réacteur fermé et en colonne de percolation. Lors de la première étape, deux types d’argile ont été utilisées. L’étude cinétique montre que l’adsorption et la désorption suivent le modèle du pseudo premier ordre. L’isotherme d’adsorption est de type Langmuir alors que l’isotherme de désorption est de type hystérésis. La capacité d’adsorption de l’argile de Gafsa est plus prononcée que celle de l’argile de Borj Chekir. Les études en colonne de percolation ont été menées sur un mélange d’argile de Borj Chekir et du sable moyen H2F. Les paramètres hydrodynamiques ont été déterminés en utilisant un traceur inerte (fluorescéine). L’étude du transport réactif a montré que si le pourcentage d’argile augmente la rétention du colorant augmente alors que si on augmente le débit d’injection pour un pourcentage d’argile-sable constant la rétention du colorant diminue. Les courbes de sortie ont été ensuite comparées aux résultats numériques d’un modèle 1D de transport réactif, intégrant deux sites d’adsorption réversible et irréversible. / The aim of the work is to study the adsorption-desorption process of an azo dye on natural clay from two Tunisian deposits. The laboratory experiment was conducted in a closed reactor (batch) and percolation column. In the first step, two types of clay were used. The kinetic study shows that the adsorption and desorption follow the pattern of a pseudo first order phenomenon. A Langmuir isotherm is fitted to the adsorption process, while the desorption isotherm is characterised by hysteresis. The adsorption capacity of the Gafsa clay is more pronounced than that of the Borj Chekir clay. The percolation column studies were conducted on a mixture of of Borj Chekir clay and medium sand H2F. Hydrodynamic parameters were determined using an inert tracer (fluorescein). The reactive transport study showed that an increase in clay percentage will increase retention, but, on the other hand when using a constant percentage of the clay-sand mixture, increasing the injection rate will decrease the retention capacity of the mixture. The output curves were then compared with the numerical results of a 1D reactive transport model incorporating two reversible and irreversible adsorption sites.