nÃo hà / O trabalho apresenta um modelo hidrolÃgico inÃdito para a bacia hidrogrÃfica do rio Granjeiro (BHG), com uma Ãrea de contribuiÃÃo de 18,54 kmÂ, altitude variando de 399 a 953 metros acima do nÃvel do mar, localizada no municÃpio do Crato, regiÃo sul do estado do CearÃ, regiÃo de grande relevÃncia econÃmica no estado, destacando-se o comÃrcio e o turismo. O modelo foi desenvolvido utilizando o software HEC-HMS do Centro de Engenharia HidrolÃgico (CEIWR-HEC), do corpo de engenheiros do exercito dos Estados Unidos da AmÃrica (USACE). A metodologia utilizada foi composta por trÃs partes. A primeira parte tratou de extrair os dados geogrÃficos, fÃsicos e hidrolÃgicos, utilizando modelos digitais de elevaÃÃo, imagens de satÃlites e mapas temÃticos de caracterizaÃÃo territorial do estado do CearÃ, por meio do software ArcGIS e sua extensÃo HEC-GeoHMS, para exportÃ-los para o HEC-HMS. A segunda parte se concentrou na construÃÃo dos hietogramas, utilizando a equaÃÃo de chuva do municÃpio do Crato e o mÃtodo dos blocos alternados. E por fim, na terceira etapa foi simulado o escoamento superficial, provocado por chuvas com vÃrios tempos de retornos, tanto para o cenÃrio atual, quanto para vÃrios cenÃrios fictÃcios da BHG, utilizando o mÃtodo desenvolvido pelo ServiÃo de ConservaÃÃo do Solo (SCS) do Departamento de Agricultura dos Estados Unidos (USDA), conhecido como o modelo SCS. Verificou-se que as Sub-bacias SB4, SB5 e SB9 contribuem com 46% do escoamento total no exutÃrio, alÃm de um crescimento de ocupaÃÃo da BHG em 15%, praticamente dobrarà a probabilidade de cheias no canal do rio Granjeiro, enquanto a diminuiÃÃo desta ocupaÃÃo em 15%, praticamente reduz a possibilidade de cheias no canal do rio Granjeiro pela metade. Contudo, à importante frisar, que o modelo hidrolÃgico apresentado à o primeiro modelo elaborado para a BHG, dando aos gestores municipais do Crato a possibilidade de estudar a construÃÃo de obras hidrÃulicas para contenÃÃo das cheias, alÃm de implementaÃÃo de polÃticas pÃblicas de ocupaÃÃo das Ãreas em contidas na BHG, com o objetivo de reduzir as enchentes ocorridas no canal do rio Granjeiro. / The paper proposes a novel model for hydrological river basin Granjeiro (BHG), with a contribution area of 18.54 kmÂ, altitude ranging 399-953 meters above sea level, located in the county of Crato, southern the state of Cearà of great economic importance in the state, especially trade and tourism. The model was developed using the software HEC-HMS Hydrologic Engineering Center (CEIWR-HEC), the engineer corps of the army of the United States (USACE). The methodology used was composed of three parts. The first part dealt with data extraction geographic, physical and hydrological using digital elevation models, satellite images and thematic maps of territorial characterization of the state of CearÃ, through the ArcGIS software and its extension HEC-GeoHMS to export them for HEC-HMS. The second part focused on building the hietogramas, using the equation of rain Crato and the method of alternating blocks. And finally, the third step was simulated runoff caused by rain several times with returns, both for the current scenario, as for several fictional scenarios BHG, using the method developed by the Soil Conservation Service (SCS) Department of Agriculture (USDA), known as the SCS model. It was found that the sub-basins SB4, SB5 and SB9 contribute 46% of the total flow in river mouth, end an increase in occupancy of BHG 15%, nearly double the likelihood of flooding in the river channel Granjeiro, while this occupation decreased by 15 %, almost reduces the likelihood of flooding in the river channel Granjeiro by half. However, it is important to note that the hydrological model presented is the first model designed for BHG, giving municipal managers Crato the possibility to study the construction of hydraulic containment of floods, as well as implementation of policies of occupation of areas contained in BHG, with the goal of reducing the flooding that occurred in the river channel Granjeiro.

The diploma thesis "Study of runoff conditions of selected river basin using hydrological modeling" deals with analysis of runoff conditions and retention abilities of the Kašnice stream basin in the Břeclav district. The theoretical part deals with the literature review of the issue and the characteristics of the selected drainage area. Obtained information about surface cover types, hydrologic soil groups and CN curves numbers were processed in ArcGIS. The outputs were then used as input for the DesQ-MAXQ hydrological model. The resulting values of specific flow, time of concentration, potential retention, water retention and direct runoff volumes are presented in the form of attached map outputs. The result of the work is the evaluation of runoff conditions of the given 4th order river basin.

This Diploma Thesis is focused on the analysis of the Ketkovice cadastral area in terms of runoff and erosion conditions. The QGIS software was chosen for the analysis. For this reason, instructions for this software are prepared, focusing on runoff and erosion conditions, as an appendix to the Diploma Thesis. Other software programs used are USLE2D and DesQ-MaxQ. The first part deals with the analysis of the area of interest. The second part deals with the problem itself, at first the methods used to determine runoff and erosion conditions are introduced, then anti-erosion measures, at the end of this part the software programs used are briefly described. The last third part is devoted at first to the evaluation of runoff and erosion conditions before the design of the measure, then to the design of the measure itself, finally to the evaluation after the design of the measure. In case of erosion conditions, two variants of calculating long-term soil loss are considered before and after the proposed measures. In the first variant, a constant value of the factor R=40 MJ.ha.cm.h is considered in the Universal Soil Loss Equation and in the second variant this value is increased with respect to the climate change.

Cyano-bridged mixed valence compounds have been known since 1704, but a lot of interest in the bi- and tri-nuclear species has emerged only more recently. The growing interest in these complexes reflects their promise as useful applications in electrochromism, molecular magnetism, and molecular electronics. These properties are activated by the excitation of their metal-to-metal charge transfer (MMCT) transition. We have studied aqueous solutions of the FeHEDTA/Fe(CN)64- system that form intensely colored solutions that absorb strongly in the Vis/NIR region. Typically 1:1 dimeric and 2:1 trimeric complexes are formed. We have used optical spectroscopy and electrochemistry to provide information on reorganizational parameters, electronic coupling between metal centers, molar absorptivities, equilibrium constants, and delocalization factors and have compared results obtained for the binuclear and trinuclear species to results of similar systems either previously studied in our lab or found in the literature.

No description available.

No description available.

Annotation Erosion is a chronic problem in both agricultural and nonagricultural land. Its has an inconsiderable effect on overall stability of landscape. In the case of farming management on agricultural soils the risk of erosive processes increases severalfold. In foothill and mountain areas with dominance of slopes and hills the soil loss during higher maximum 24hrs N-rainfalls can reach up to several tons per hectare. This work deals with the evaluation of soil erosion vulnerability in selected catchment {--} Ostrice catchment {--} in the Lipno reservoir area. The CN method was used for calculations and following evaluation of soil loss.

The aim of this thesis is to assess and evaluate the erosion phenomena at the model catchment of Malče Budský stream. This site is located on the cadastral areas Besednice, Soběnov and Malče. This survey was conducted in aspects of pedology, hydrogeology and climate. Further evaluations were rain amount for the nearest meteorological station, which is located in Soběnov. To evaluate and calculate erosion parameters for a given locality the methods of universal soil loss equation by Wishmeier and Smith and modified universal soil loss equation by Williams and Berndt have been used. The CN method was used for calculations and following evaluation of soil loss. The result of this thesis is designing, generalization and refinement of individual factors in solved area.

The aim of the thesis is to set a hydrology model based on existed methodology DesQ-MaxQ, which comes from "Designing flows from a very small catchments" established in 1989. The model is able to set a nearest meteorology station and his 24-hours rainfall depths for periods of repetition 2,5,10,20,50 and 100 years. Substitute rainfall depths are set by "reduction of 24-hours rainfall depths" methodology. According to hydraulic and hydrology conditions of catchment, duration of the critical rains for each period of repetition are set also peak flow rates and total runoffs from the catchment. Application can work in two modes - "one slope" and "two slopes". The second option also includes calculation of design duration for the model catchment and superposition of hydrograph. Application RainRunoff was develop in C# programming language with graphic user interface and option to exports hydrographs.

The question of ‘the Pictish language’ has been discussed for over four hundred years, and for well over two centuries it has been the subject of ceaseless and often heated debate. The main disagreement focusing on its linguistic categorisation – whether it was Celtic, Germanic (using modern terminology) or whether it belonged to some more exotic language group such as Basque. If it was Celtic then was it Brittonic or Goidelic? The answer to such questions was of some importance in ascertaining to whom the Scottish past belonged. Was it to immigrant Irish, conquering Germanic peoples or native Britons? The twentieth century saw the normalising of the view that it was closely related to Brittonic with some erudite scholars maintaining that another, non-Celtic language, was also spoken in Pictland. The debate subsequently shifted to focusing on just how close was the relationship between Pictish and Neo-Brittonic. Was Pictish simply a northerly dialect variant of the latter or was it indeed a more distinct and perhaps conservative form, evolving independently in an area outwith Roman power and linguistic influence? Recently, as the field of Pictish studies was subjected to both linguistic and historical scrutiny, discussions have become significantly more sophisticated, but the core question remains, as to whether Pictish distinctiveness merits the label ‘dialect’ or ‘language’, as the Venerable Bede himself stated. This thesis will investigate this core issue by providing an overview of previous thinking and scrutinising the evidence for early divergence. It is intended as groundwork for much needed further studies into this field.