Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were administered quinpirole (1 mg/kg, i.p.) or saline once daily from postnatal day (P)1 to P21. This drug treatment has been shown to produce long-term priming of the D2 receptor. Beginning on P62, rats were administered the atypical antipsychotic olanzapine (2.5 mg/kg) or saline twice daily (i.p.) for 28 days. One day after olanzapine treatment ceased, rats were tested on the place and match-to-place versions of the Morris water maze (MWM) for seven consecutive days. Dopamine D2 receptor priming was verified through a yawning behavioural test, a D2 receptor-mediated event, before olanzapine was administered as well as after olanzapine treatment and behavioural testing were complete. Results showed that neonatal quinpirole treatment induced D2 priming that was eliminated by olanzapine treatment. On the MWM place version, D2-primed rats demonstrated a significant impairment that was eliminated by olanzapine treatment, but olanzapine treatment to animals neonatally treated with saline produced a significant deficit on the place version of the MWM. There were no significant deficits on the match-to-place version. Brain tissue analyses revealed that neonatal quinpirole treatment produced a significant decrease in hippocampal NGF, BDNF and ChAT that was eliminated by olanzapine treatment. Neonatal quinpirole treatment produced a significant decrease in BDNF and ChAT in the frontal cortex that was unaffected by olanzapine treatment. These results show that olanzapine eliminates D2 receptor priming and cognitive impairment and also alleviates decreases in neurotrophins and acetylcholinergic markers produced by D2 priming in the hippocampus.

Background: With the rapid development of information technology, social media and e-commerce platforms have become increasingly popular among consumers. Live streaming e-commerce is a new shopping pattern that has emerged in the process of development. With the help of short videos and live broadcast platforms, the popularity of live streaming e-commerce has significantly increased in the Chinese market. Outside of China, this shopping pattern is also gaining traction. However, due to the differences in markets and consumers among different countries, it is also necessary to understand the factors that affect consumers' cognitive perceptions of live streaming e-commerce. Purpose:  This study aims to find differences in consumers' perceptions of live streaming e-commerce between Chinese and Swedish consumers and investigate the factors influencing consumers' perceived attitudes towards live streaming e-commerce. Method:  Quantitative data was collected in the Swedish and Chinese markets through online questionnaires to achieve the research purpose. The researchers used convenience sampling and snowball sampling techniques to ensure that sufficient responses were collected. Aside from demographic sections and filter questions about the user experience of live streaming e-commerce, the remaining seven dimensions of the questionnaire assessed the cognitive perceptions of consumers based on two well-established models: The S-O-R Paradigm and IS success model. Conclusion:  Based on the results of this study, there are differences between online consumers in Sweden and China regarding live streaming e-commerce. Chinese respondents were generally more favorable and consistent in their views regarding user satisfaction, perceived attitudes, and intention to purchase. In contrast, respondents in Sweden considered the qualities of system, information, and service more positively. Additionally, consumers' perceived attitudes toward live streaming e-commerce were most strongly predicted by service quality, followed by system quality. Moreover, there is a favorable correlation between information quality and user satisfaction, which adds to the individual organism linkage's perceived attitude. A positive relationship is also founded between system quality and perceived attitudes. Furthermore, user satisfaction is the determining factor of perceived attitude. Perceived attitude is a more decisive factor than user satisfaction which positively influences the intention to purchase in the consumers' response. The findings of this research provided wide-ranging theoretical and managerial implications and developed possible opportunities for future research.