In 1993, the Swedish National Agency for Education, Skolverket, coined and implemented the so-called collective morals mission, or “värdegrundsuppdraget,” which subsequently led up to the publication of a new national syllabus for upper-secondary school, LPF94. The collective morals mission constituted the values to be taught in Swedish schools and also positioned the Swedish school system ideologically. However, following its publication, teachers found it difficult to understand how they are to carry out and understand said mission, difficulties that seem to still be present today. Therefore, this project presents a qualitative study on how English teachers reflect upon, and relate their teaching to, the collective morals mission, how they do it, along with the possibilities the English subject has in conveying these aspects of fostering, through explicit education on the subject. Based on prior, personal observations the initial hypothesis was that the English subject is often forgotten, in relation to other subjects, in terms of providing students with education related to the collective morals. However, this is not due to English teachers not acknowledging opportunities for the subject to convey content, but because of the strong selective traditions of the subject, focusing education on form and not content, as it is a foreign language. To evaluate this hypothesis, semi-structured interviews with four English teachers were conducted and three separate curriculum analysis were carried out. This enabled an understanding of how the collective morals evolved over time and became what they are today. The results partly confirmed the initial hypothesis. Teachers do implement many features of the collective morals; however, they do not explicitly characterize them as such. The curricula analyses show a progression of the collective morals to be implemented in the explicit grading criterion for passing grade. These results are discussed, and conclusions regarding what that means for English teachers are presented.

Café Culture is an ethnographic snapshot, taken in 2008, tracing the effects of globalisation from the perspective of young middle class urbanites in post-liberalisation Pune, India. It captures what was happening that sets this young generation apart – the first to grow up in post-liberalisation India – as a group in historical time, in relation to other life worlds in India, to 'Western' versions and as a rounded life world in itself. In 1991 India conclusively opened its economy to the global market economy. My ethnography shows that trends following economic liberalisation in unprecedented ways spurred changes that were already underway. It facilitated not only the emergence of a commodified leisure culture in the form of cafés, targeted at and appropriated by the young urban middle class, but also the creation of new fashions, more living space, national and international employment, mobility and economic independence. These tangible changes went hand in hand with transformations in practices and moral aesthetic standards. The young generation was challenging their parents' and wider society's values in order to negotiate who they wanted and felt they ought to be in their rapidly changing world. In their friendships, café culture activities, fashion choices, education and love lives they increasingly valued, encouraged and expected equality, freedom and the expression of individuality. However, the different chapters highlight that these trends were measured and limited by class- and generation-based practices and moral aesthetic standards which amended rather than negated older patriarchal arrangements predicated on the ideal of joint family life. The young café culture crowd was negotiating to follow their hearts, while preserving strong family bonds and inter-generational dependencies. They were thus modifying what it meant to be middle class Indians in our contemporary world of flow of people, capital, ideas, images, information and goods.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:31:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jamille Barbosa Cavalcanti Pereira.pdf: 2221195 bytes, checksum: 12063b6f867ba976cfd1da54ba1c6c9a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-09-04 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / The level of inclusion and access to diversity as work force have evidently been increasing in several parts of the world, including Brazil. It is not much known, however, the conception, perception and people s attitudes towards diversities practices. Understanding this phenomenon can be useful for the development of management organizational models. The objective of this study was to analyze the relation between the dimensions of justice perception and people s attitudes towards diversity under the moderation of individualism and collective cultural values. It was considered the following diversity dimensions: race, gender and disabled people. Exploratory researches were carried out according to qualitative and quantitative methods with subjects belonging to two companies: one having formal practices of diversity and the other one with informal practices. Qualitative data were obtained from interviews with two women, two black people, two disabled people and two white men and content analysis was used. Among the relevant results, rejection to diversity practices based on reverse discrimination and stigma was noticed. Quantitative data were obtained in sample of 412 people coming from 18 Brazilian cities, which represented five regions of the country. The data were treated by statistical, descriptive, inferential and multivariate techniques. Two instruments were created and validated with four dimensions of attitude towards diversity (social justice, income earning, reverse discrimination and stigma) and also five dimensions of justice perception towards diversity practices (diversity importance, dissolution of differences, disabled people s value, equity and strategy). After the regression analysis of these dimensions, what was more explained by the study was rejection attitudes to diversity practices based on reverse discrimination as well acceptance attitudes to these practices based on the beneficiaries income earning. On the other hand, moderation of values in the relation among these variable has not been confirmed. / O nível de inclusão e acesso da diversidade como força de trabalho vem ganhando evidência em várias partes do mundo, inclusive no Brasil. Pouco se sabe, porém, qual a concepção, a percepção e as atitudes dos indivíduos diante das práticas de diversidade. A compreensão desse fenômeno pode ser útil para o desenvolvimento de modelos organizacionais de gestão. Este estudo teve por objetivo analisar a relação entre as dimensões de percepções de justiça e as atitudes dos indivíduos diante da diversidade sob a moderação dos valores culturais do individualismo e do coletivismo. As dimensões de diversidade consideradas foram as de: raça, gênero e de pessoas portadoras de deficiência. Pesquisas de caráter exploratório foram realizadas sob os métodos qualitativo e quantitativo com sujeitos pertencentes a duas empresas: uma com práticas formais e a outra com práticas informas de diversidade. Os dados qualitativos foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas realizadas com duas mulheres, duas pessoas negras, duas pessoas com deficiência e dois homens brancos e tratados por meio da análise de conteúdo. Entre os resultados relevantes, percebeu-se a rejeição a práticas de diversidade com base na discriminação reversa e no estigma. Os dados quantitativos foram obtidos em amostra de 412 indivíduos provenientes de 18 cidades brasileiras que representaram cinco regiões do país. Os dados foram tratados por técnicas estatísticas descritivas, inferenciais e multivariadas. Dois instrumentos foram criados e validados com quatro dimensões de atitudes diante da diversidade (justiça social, obtenção de ganhos, discriminação reversa e estigma) e cinco dimensões de percepção de justiça diante de práticas de diversidade (valorização da diversidade, dissolução das diferenças, valorização das pessoas com deficiência, equidade e estratégia). Após a análise de regressão sobre essas dimensões, o que o estudo mais explicou foram as atitudes de rejeição a práticas de diversidade com base na discriminação reversa e as atitudes de aceitação às mesmas com base na obtenção de ganhos por parte dos que são por elas beneficiados. A moderação dos valores na relação entre essas variáveis, por sua vez, não foi confirmada.