The purposes of the study were to determine if college females perform best on the AAHPER Volleyball Serve Test with classmates passively or actively observing, or instructor only actively observing, and to determine which condition was best for high, medium, and low skilled beginners. Subjects were sixty-three college females. Data were analyzed by a two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures. Conclusions of the investigation were beginners perform better with active than passive observers present; highly skilled beginners perform better with active observers than instructor only present; medium skilled beginners perform better with active observers and instructor only than passive observers present; and low skilled beginners showed no significant difference between conditions.

The deregulation of snacks by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) permits institutions to provide enhanced snacks incidental to participation. Athletes may now have the opportunity to improve their diet quality. The purpose of this research was to assess the consumption of fruits and vegetables as well as body composition of Division I collegiate athletes. The sample included 19 American football players and 8 volleyball players. Paired t-tests were performed to compare fruit intake, vegetable intake, and body fat percentage pre- and post-deregulation of snacks. Linear regression models were used to determine correlations between change in fruit intake and change in body fat percentage and change in vegetable intake and change in body fat percentage. There were no significant differences in the paired t-tests; however, there was a significant correlation in increasing fruit intake, vegetable intake, and decreasing body fat percentage among football players. Results suggest that regular contact with a Registered Dietitian may improve diet quality, and providing nutrient-dense foods planned by a Registered Dietitian to college athletes may improve body fat percentage.