Taitung County is mountainous. Its geological structure is weak. Typhoon and heavy rain is frequent. Land erosion, landslide, and silt deposit in rivers is serious. In recent years, hilly areas are over-developed and conservation problem worsens. In typhoon and heavy rain, soil and other resources would be washed away and causes serious damage. The resources that people are relying on are vanishing. The purpose of this paper is to study the conservation of hilly areas, the management of river catchment areas, and the investigation and planning of the conservation of resources. This paper may help our people better understand the importance of conservation and t hey will be willing to work for a better Taitung Countye. This paper also studies the government conservation policies over the years and the their results, the farmers¡¦ understanding of the land, and conflict between the government and the farmers in land use in hilly areas. The study finds out that in managing the river catchment areas, government executive system is too complicated. Farmers do not appreciate the way the laws are implemented. They do not admit that their development cause water pollution or soil erosion. Rather, they believe that landslide and government policies in garbage dumping and road opening are to be blamed. Farmers are against most of the government policies especially in returning their land to government. There is a gap between government and farmer recognition. It is suggested that from now on, related personnel should investigate more and communicate more with people before preparing a policy. And since farmers are more willing to accept policies in subsidizing afforestation and soil protection, government should work on these issues.