Cheung, Lap Chi. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 91-95). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter 1. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1. --- Background --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1. --- Introduction to Intelligent Vehicle --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.2. --- Typical Vehicle Tracking Systems for Rear-end Collision Avoidance --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.3. --- Passive VS Active Vehicle Tracking --- p.3 / Chapter 1.1.4. --- Vision-based Vehicle Tracking Systems --- p.4 / Chapter 1.1.5. --- Characteristics of Computing Devices on Vehicles --- p.5 / Chapter 1.2. --- Motivation and Objectives --- p.6 / Chapter 1.3. --- Major Contributions --- p.7 / Chapter 1.3.1. --- A 3-phase Vision-based Vehicle Tracking Framework --- p.7 / Chapter 1.3.2. --- Camera-to-vehicle Distance Measurement by Single Camera --- p.9 / Chapter 1.3.3. --- Real Time Vehicle Detection --- p.10 / Chapter 1.3.4. --- Real Time Vehicle Tracking using Simplified Image Alignment --- p.10 / Chapter 1.4. --- Evaluation Platform --- p.11 / Chapter 1.5. --- Thesis Organization --- p.11 / Chapter 2. --- RELATED WORK --- p.13 / Chapter 2.1. --- Stereo-based Vehicle Tracking --- p.13 / Chapter 2.2. --- Motion-based Vehicle Tracking --- p.16 / Chapter 2.3. --- Knowledge-based Vehicle Tracking --- p.18 / Chapter 2.4. --- Commercial Systems --- p.19 / Chapter 3. --- 3-PHASE VISION-BASED VEHICLE TRACKING FRAMEWORK --- p.22 / Chapter 3.1. --- Introduction to the 3-phase Framework --- p.22 / Chapter 3.2. --- Vehicle Detection --- p.23 / Chapter 3.2.1. --- Overview of Vehicle Detection --- p.23 / Chapter 3.2.2. --- Locating the Vehicle Center - Symmetrical Measurement --- p.25 / Chapter 3.2.3. --- Locating the Vehicle Roof and Bottom --- p.28 / Chapter 3.2.4. --- Locating the Vehicle Sides - Over-complete Haar Transform --- p.30 / Chapter 3.3. --- Vehicle Template Tracking Image Alignment --- p.37 / Chapter 3.3.5. --- Overview of Vehicle Template Tracking --- p.37 / Chapter 3.3.6. --- Goal of Image Alignment --- p.41 / Chapter 3.3.7. --- Alternative Image Alignment - Compositional Image Alignment --- p.42 / Chapter 3.3.8. --- Efficient Image Alignment - Inverse Compositional Algorithm --- p.43 / Chapter 3.4. --- Vehicle Template Update --- p.46 / Chapter 3.4.1. --- Situation of Vehicle lost --- p.46 / Chapter 3.4.2. --- Template Filling by Updating the positions of Vehicle Features --- p.48 / Chapter 3.5. --- Experiments and Discussions --- p.49 / Chapter 3.5. 1. --- Experiment Setup --- p.49 / Chapter 3.5.2. --- Successful Tracking Percentage --- p.50 / Chapter 3.6. --- Comparing with other tracking methodologies --- p.52 / Chapter 3.6.1. --- 1-phase Vision-based Vehicle Tracking --- p.52 / Chapter 3.6.2. --- Image Correlation --- p.54 / Chapter 3.6.3. --- Continuously Adaptive Mean Shift --- p.58 / Chapter 4. --- CAMERA TO-VEHICLE DISTANCE MEASUREMENT BY SINGLE CAMERA --- p.61 / Chapter 4.1 --- The Principle of Law of Perspective --- p.61 / Chapter 4.2. --- Distance Measurement by Single Camera --- p.62 / Chapter 5. --- REAL TIME VEHICLE DETECTION --- p.66 / Chapter 5.1. --- Introduction --- p.66 / Chapter 5.2. --- Timing Analysis of Vehicle Detection --- p.66 / Chapter 5.3. --- Symmetrical Measurement Optimization --- p.67 / Chapter 5.3.1. --- Diminished Gradient Image for Symmetrical Measurement --- p.67 / Chapter 5.3.2. --- Replacing Division by Multiplication Operations --- p.71 / Chapter 5.4. --- Over-complete Haar Transform Optimization --- p.73 / Chapter 5.4.1. --- Characteristics of Over-complete Haar Transform --- p.75 / Chapter 5.4.2. --- Pre-compntation of Haar block --- p.74 / Chapter 5.5. --- Summary --- p.77 / Chapter 6. --- REAL TIME VEHICLE TRACKING USING SIMPLIFIED IMAGE ALIGNMENT --- p.78 / Chapter 6.1. --- Introduction --- p.78 / Chapter 6.2. --- Timing Analysis of Original Image Alignment --- p.78 / Chapter 6.3. --- Simplified Image Alignment --- p.80 / Chapter 6.3.1. --- Reducing the Number of Parameters in Affine Transformation --- p.80 / Chapter 6.3.2. --- Size Reduction of Image A ligmnent Matrixes --- p.85 / Chapter 6.4. --- Experiments and Discussions --- p.85 / Chapter 6.4.1. --- Successful Tracking Percentage --- p.86 / Chapter 6.4.2. --- Timing Improvement --- p.87 / Chapter 7. --- CONCLUSIONS --- p.89 / Chapter 8. --- BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.91

No description available.

Thesis submitted in compliance with the requirements of the Master's Degree in Technology: Mechanical Engineering, Durban University of Technology, 2009. / Automotive bumpers are installed primarily to minimize damage and harm to both the automobile and passengers during minor and low speed collisions. The efficacy of the current bumper systems lies in absorbing the impact energy. The primary mechanism for energy absorption is damage. In this study an attempt is made to shift from this traditional design platform by exploring non-destructive energy dissipation mechanisms. In pursuit of this, an alternative bumper system that simulates human-arm ergonomic response to impact has been proposed. The system capitalizes on the characteristic dissipative mechanics of granular media. A mathematical model describing the dissipative mechanics of the system is presented. The model shows that granular media can be used effectively to re-direct the impulse wave away from its axis of incidence. The resulting effect is that the impulse wave is attenuated through the thickness. A second mathematical model, based on the Concept of Energy Balance has been developed. Here, the total impact energy is shown to be absorbed or dissipated by the individual components of the system. The largest component of this energy is taken up by sliding and rotation of the granular media. Both models are validated by experimentation. A prototype system has been built and tested. The system effectively manages impact energy with minimal or no damage to the constituent components. The system demonstrates an ability to recover dimensionally when loaded under FMVSS conditions. / Post Graduate Development Support

Thesis (M.A.)--Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, Calif., 2001. / "September 2001." Includes bibliographical references (p. 87-90). Available also online as a PDF file via the World Wide Web.

Thesis (M.Tech.:Civil Engineering)-Dept of Civil Engineering and Survey, Durban Institute of Technology, 2005 xiv, 134 leaves, Annexures A-C / Road fatalities claim more than one million lives annually worldwide. The emotional, social and economic impact of road traffic fatalities demands urgent attention globally. This epidemic of road traffic fatalities is plaguing everyone, especially the poorer nations. Some countries like Australia and Sweden have been more successful than others in combating this epidemic. South Africa is currently seeking strategies to combat this epidemic because South Africa’s road traffic fatalities have been increasing annually, with a substantial percentage of teenagers and young adults between the ages of 16 and 29 contributing to these statistics. This age group will become or already have become part of the economically active population and concern is mounting as to why this particular age group is vulnerable. This thesis provides an overview of the road safety problem globally, nationally, provincially and locally and also looks at the historical factors that have contributed to this problem. The Victorian model, which has been classified as the ‘world’s best practice’, has been reviewed. A pilot survey was conducted at the Mangosuthu Technikon and the focal survey was conducted at the tertiary institutions in the Durban area. Students from this sector were selected as they fall in the most vulnerable age group and data was collected from them on various aspects of road safety. On analysing the data, various problems were identified, in particular, lack of resources and limited education pertaining to road safety. A range of possible solutions is recommended and the focus areas are the 3E’s namely: education, enforcement and engineering. However, the focal recommendation is on education and looks at the possibility of introducing learner’s licence testing to the grade 12 syllabi.

No description available.

Thesis (M.Tech.:Civil Engineering)-Dept of Civil Engineering and Survey, Durban Institute of Technology, 2005 xiv, 134 leaves, Annexures A-C / Road fatalities claim more than one million lives annually worldwide. The emotional, social and economic impact of road traffic fatalities demands urgent attention globally. This epidemic of road traffic fatalities is plaguing everyone, especially the poorer nations. Some countries like Australia and Sweden have been more successful than others in combating this epidemic. South Africa is currently seeking strategies to combat this epidemic because South Africa’s road traffic fatalities have been increasing annually, with a substantial percentage of teenagers and young adults between the ages of 16 and 29 contributing to these statistics. This age group will become or already have become part of the economically active population and concern is mounting as to why this particular age group is vulnerable. This thesis provides an overview of the road safety problem globally, nationally, provincially and locally and also looks at the historical factors that have contributed to this problem. The Victorian model, which has been classified as the ‘world’s best practice’, has been reviewed. A pilot survey was conducted at the Mangosuthu Technikon and the focal survey was conducted at the tertiary institutions in the Durban area. Students from this sector were selected as they fall in the most vulnerable age group and data was collected from them on various aspects of road safety. On analysing the data, various problems were identified, in particular, lack of resources and limited education pertaining to road safety. A range of possible solutions is recommended and the focus areas are the 3E’s namely: education, enforcement and engineering. However, the focal recommendation is on education and looks at the possibility of introducing learner’s licence testing to the grade 12 syllabi.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Traffic accidents cause millions of injuries and tens of thousands of fatalities per year worldwide. This thesis briefly reviews different types of active safety systems designed to reduce the number of accidents. Focusing on lane departure, a leading cause of crashes involving fatalities, we examine a lane-keeping system proposed by Minoiu Enache et al.They proposed a switched linear feedback (LMI) controller and provided two switching laws, which limit driver torque and displacement of the front wheels from the center of the lane. In this thesis, a state feedback (LQR) controller has been designed. Also, a new switching logic has been proposed which is based on driver's torque, lateral offset of the vehicle from the center of the lane and relative yaw angle. The controller activates assistance torque when the driver is deemed inattentive. It is deactivated when the driver regains control. Matlab/Simulink modeling and simulation environment is used to verify the results of the controller. In comparison to the earlier switching strategies, the maximum values of the state variables lie very close to the set of bounds for normal driving zone. Also, analysis of the controller’s root locus shows an improvement in the damping factor, implying better system response.

A suite of new collision avoidance systems (CAS) is presented for use in heavy vehicles whose structure and size necessarily impede driver visibility is introduced. The main goal of the project is to determine the appropriate use of each of the commercially available technologies and, where possible, produce a low cost variant suitable for use in proximity detection on large mining industry haul trucks. CAS variants produced were subjected to a field demonstration and, linked to the output from the earlier CAS 1 project, (a production high-definition in-cabin video monitor and r/f tagging system). The CAS 2 system used low cost Doppler continuous wave radar antennae coupled to the CAS 1 monitor to indicate the presence of an object moving at any speed above 3 Km/h relative to the antennae. The novelty of the CAS 3 system lies in the design of 3 interconnected, modules. The modules are 8 radar antennae (as used in CAS 2) modules located on the truck, software to interface with the end user (i.e. the drivers of the trucks) and a display unit. Modularisation enables the components to be independently tested, evaluated and replaced when in use. The radar antennae modules and the system as a whole are described together with the empirical tests conducted and results obtained. The tests, drawing on Monte-Carlo simulation techniques, demonstrate both the 'correctness' of the implementations and the effectiveness of the system. The results of the testing of the final prototype unit were highly successful both as a computer simulation level and in practical tests on light vehicles. A number of points, (as a consequence of the field test), are reviewed and their application to future projects discussed.

Thesis (M.S.)--Linköping University, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 63-64). Also available online via the VTI web site (www.vti.se).