La empresa Terminales de Callao es una de las dos empresas en la ciudad de Lima que tienen la capacidad de almacenar combustibles líquidos en volúmenes de un millón de barriles. Dentro de la cadena de suministro de las compañías bróker de estos productos que se comercializan en el Perú, la empresa Terminales del Callao sirve como almacén de tránsito para la distribución, considerando un promedio de stock de seguridad macro de aproximadamente 45 días, se recibe producto importado en buques tanque y se carga o despacha en camiones cisterna. Por este servicio la compañía gana un margen por galón almacenado; todo esto dentro de un marco contractual de concesión del estado peruano a través del mayorista principal que es una empresa estatal. El crecimiento constante de los últimos quince años del sector industrial y automotor, ha hecho que el volumen de servicios de Terminales del Callao aumente en gran forma, por lo cual la capacidad instalada de recursos va quedando sin holgura o insuficiente sobre todo para los crecimientos futuros que se estiman seguirán dándose. Por este motivo se propone la mejora del Proceso de Carga de Combustible Líquido, el cual es en gran medida aproximadamente el 80% de la operación total de Terminales del Callao. Esta propuesta se basa en ampliar la capacidad de atención en la carga de combustible mejorando los tiempos de atención reduciéndolos en un 40% por camión cisterna cargado aproximadamente. Para lograr esta mejora se propone una inversión de medio millón de dólares; lo cual generaría un incremento de demanda del servicio por aproximadamente tres millones de dólares anuales. De esta manera la inversión podría estarse recuperando en menos de un año calendario. / Tesis

Thèse de doctorat : Sciences des matériaux : Paris 12 : 2004. / Titre provenant de l'écran-titre.

Reproduction de : Thèse de doctorat : Génie des procédés et de l'environnement : Toulouse, INPT : 2007. / Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. 106 réf.

Thèse de doctorat : Mécanique et énergétique : INPL : 2008. / Titre provenant de l'écran-titre.

Thèse de doctorat : Génie électrique : INPL : 2009. / Titre provenant de l'écran-titre.

It is well known that where-ever combustible dusts are handled, or result as a waste product, unwanted ignitions and explosions can occur. Dust explosions present a high potential risk in the process industries. The past has shown that, in the European Union, more than 2,000 dust / air or gas / air explosions occur each year. In Germany alone the damage of dust explosions costs more than £ 16,000 per day. A lot of fundamental research work on dust explosion has been done for single vessels however, in reality, vessels are normally connected via pipes to other process vessels. To prevent secondary vessel explosions, and to protect interconnected vessels from the effects of explosions, further research into these complex phenomena is required. This research work concerns the investigation of dust explosion phenomena in interconnected vessels. Large scale tests were conducted in which I m' or 4.25 m' process vessels were connected via a pipe to a realistically filled 9.4 m' vessel. Pressure transducers were placed in the vessels and along the pipe, also photo diodes, positioned along the pipe, were used to measure the pressure development and the flame front velocity respectively. In further investigations the process vessels were connected to an open ended pipe. It was possible to estimate, with the aid of a CCD camera, the flame shape and flame length of the emerging flame jet dependent on the explosion course at the process vessel. The results have shown that, under different circumstances, dust explosion propagation from the primary process vessel through the connecting pipe which reaches the secondary silo as a flame jet, may ignite a dust / air mixture and thereby initiate a secondary dust explosion. The expected reduced explosion over-pressure of such a secondary dust explosion may be much higher than in case of a single vessel explosion. For the first time an empirical mathematical model for calculating the flame front propagation time inside a connecting pipe after a dust explosion in a connected explosion vessel has been developed. The model is validated for dust and gas explosions in different vessels, independently of whether the explosion vessels are vented or closed and for different diameters of the connecting pipe. A numerical simulation model for dust explosions in closed spherical vessels was written in a C comparable language which runs under Windows 3.11 and Windows 95 on a standard PC. The validation of this numerical model is in good accordance with measurement results of real dust explosions. The model shows good agreement with data from explosions in closed vessels for maize starch, aluminium and magnesium dusts and propane gas. In vented vessels in some cases for maize starch good agreement is also shown.

Thèse 3 cycle--Économie de l'énergie--Dijon, 1981. / Bibliogr. p. 285-288.

Thèse doct.-ing.--Paris XI, 1979. / Bibliogr. p. 217-223.

2e th. doct.-ing.--Nancy, I.N.P.L., 1978.

Th. doct.-ing.--Paris 11, Orsay, 1979. N°: 414.