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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

A caça comercial de jacarés no baixo rio Purus e suas implicações no manejo sustentável na Reserva Piagaçu-Purus, Amazônia Central

Mendonça, Washington Carlos da Silva 09 August 2009 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-11T13:54:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Washington Carlos da Silva Mendonca.pdf: 484370 bytes, checksum: a48adf077b33b55e5d78ab164b39391d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-08-09 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas / This study valuated the caimans hunting with hook practiced in the Low Purus river at the Sustainable Development Reserve (RDS) Piagaçu-Purus, Central Amazon. This activity is realized by the riveriner aim the caiman meat production in salt-dry to supply the interstates trade. The knowledge scenery about the hunting of caiman with hook was put in public since 2003, however, not much is know about this catch effects on the caiman hunting productivity and its catch length. Aim to valuate the effect of this catch, were accompanied 31 caiman hunting with hook in the period of February to October 2008. Multiple Linear Regressions and Simple Linear Regression Analyzes were applied to model the caiman catch production and size. The mass of meat produced by the hunting were modeling in function of the river water level, community distance and hunting effort using hook. Were caught 124 caimans, where: 53 with suspense hook and 71 with the hook armed under land. The modeling of the size of hook and to water deep explained 48% of caiman length variance, while the modeling that used the height of hook parameter above the water surface and water deep explain 38% of this variance. The Simple Linear Regression was utilized to modeling the caiman length caught in function of distance hook traped under land from the interface water-land, showing a variance of 60% for the sample size. The hunting effect presented in this study indicates the intensive hunting pressure on the caiman population, confirmed through produced caiman meat decreasing near to hunters communities. Confirmed through Multiple Linear Regression values expressed for 70% of variance for this production. Was observed too that the caiman hunting are proportionally inverse to the river water level. The Caiman crocodilus caught length present higher abundance of individual above 70cm of snout-vent length. This indicate that the hunting method guard the replacement individuals to maintain the caiman population. While the Melanosuchus niger specie had the higher abundance of caught individual sub adult, noting the reduction of big adults. The absence of this caiman length class sustain the hypothesis that the individual lenght structure of M. niger population are probably affected by the intense hunting pressure. The results presented can be utilized to subsides the public policy for assert the sustainable management of caiman in the Amazon States, Brazil. / Este estudo avaliou a caça de jacaré com anzol praticada no baixo Rio Purus na Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (RDS) Piagaçu-Purus, Amazônia Central. Esta atividade é realizada pelos ribeirinhos e visa à produção de carne de jacaré seco-salgada para abastecer o comércio interestadual. O conhecimento do cenário sobre a caça de jacaré com anzol foi levado a publico em 2003, no entanto, pouco se sabe sobre os efeitos desta caça quanto à sua produtividade e tamanho de captura. Com intuito de avaliar o efeito desta prática, foram acompanhadas 31 caçadas de jacaré com anzol no Período de fevereiro a outubro de 2008. Análises de Regressão Linear Múltipla e Simples foram aplicadas para modelar a produção e tamanho dos jacarés capturados. A quantidade de carne produzida por caçada foi modelada em função da cota do rio, da distância da comunidade e do esforço de caça com anzol. Foram capturados 124 jacarés, onde: 53 com anzol suspenso e 71 com anzol armado sobre o solo. A modelagem do tamanho do anzol e da profundidade da água explicou 48% da variância dos tamanhos dos jacarés, enquanto que o modelo que utilizou os parâmetros da altura do anzol acima da lâmina de água e profundidade da água explicou 38% dessa variância. A Regressão Linear Simples foi utilizada para modelar o tamanho do jacaré capturado em função da distância do anzol armadilhado em terra até a interface água-terra, mostrando uma variância de 60% no tamanho dos exemplares. Os efeitos da caça de jacaré apontados neste estudo indicam intensa pressão de caça sobre o estoque, confirmado através da diminuição de carne produzida próximo as comunidades ali instaladas. Confirmado através dos valores da Regressão Linear Múltipla que expressou 70% de variância nessa produção. Foi observado também, que a captura do jacaré é inversamente proporcional ao nível do rio. Os tamanhos dos Caiman crocodilus capturados apresentaram maior abundância de indivíduos acima de 70 cm de comprimento rostro-cloacal indicando que o método de caça resguarda indivíduos repositores para a manutenção da população. Enquanto que a espécie Melanosuchus niger, teve a maior abundância de indivíduos capturados subadultos, notando-se baixa de grandes adultos. A ausência desta classe de tamanho sustenta a hipótese de que a estrutura de tamanho dos indivíduos na população de M. niger é provavelmente afetada pela intensa pressão de caça. Os resultados apresentados podem ser utilizados para subsidiar políticas publicas que possam assegurar o manejo sustentável do jacaré no Estado do Amazonas.
2

La chasse commerciale en Afrique centrale : une menace pour la biodiversité ou une activité économique durable ? : Le cas de la république centrafricaine / Commercial hunting in Central Africa : a threat for the biodiversity or a sustainable economic activity ? : The case of Central African Republic

Fargeot, Christian 17 December 2013 (has links)
En Afrique centrale, la chasse commerciale contribue fortement au ravitaillement en protéines des ménages en milieu villageois comme en milieu urbain. Elle est accusée de surexploiter la ressource faune, d’avoir un impact très négatif sur la biodiversité animale et sur la régénération forestière et de faire naître des risques importants de développement de maladies émergentes. A partir du cas centrafricain, nous voulons montrer que : la chasse commerciale s’inscrit dans une histoire longue, qui débute avec la colonisation européenne et se poursuit sans rupture, mais avec des acteurs différents, jusqu’à nos jours ; les prélèvements portent principalement sur la faune petite et moyenne qui présente une dynamique naturelle de reproduction très forte et qui supporte bien des pressions de chasse élevées ; la venaison, surtout la viande boucanée, joue un rôle important pour la sécurité alimentaire des ruraux et des urbains les plus pauvres ; la distribution de ce produit vivrier fait intervenir différents acteurs de l’économie informelle ; la filière est illégale, mais jamais criminelle ; la viande de chasse n’est pas en accès libre, mais la filière est fortement régulée par des contraintes sociales, économiques, géographiques et techniques. A partir de ces constats, nous proposons une nouvelle approche politique de la gestion de la faune en Afrique centrale, privilégiant une gestion adaptative de la faune commune sur la base des territoires villageois, recentrant l’Etat sur ses fonctions régaliennes d’organisation de la sécurité alimentaire globale de la population et réorientant la recherche vers la biologie de la petite faune et l’appui technique aux collectivités locales. / In central Africa, commercial hunting strongly contributes to the protein supply of rural and urban households. It is accused of wildlife resources overexploitation, with very negative impacts on animal biodiversity and forest regeneration and with important risks of emergent diseases development. From the Central African Republic case, we want to show that: commercial hunting has a long history, which begins with European colonization and goes on until today, without breaking, but with different actors ; takings mainly focuse small and medium wildlife which naturally has very strong dynamics of reproduction and which supports high pressures of hunting; Bushmeat, especially smoked meat, plays an important part for food safety of rural and urban poorest; distribution of this food products involves various actors of informal economy; this sector is illegal, but never criminal; bushmeat is not in open access, but the network is strongly controlled by social, economic, geographical and technical constraints. From these reports, we propose a new policy approach to wildlife management in central Africa, favoring an adaptive management of common fauna based on village territory, focusing State on its kingly functions to organize proteinic food safety for all people and orientating research towards small fauna biology and local communities technical support.

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