Man-tsun Cheng. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1980. / Bibliography: leaves 248-249.

Thesis (M.A.)--香港中文大學. / Title on spine. / Manuscript. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 1-32 (4th group)). / Thesis (M.A.)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue. / Chapter 第一章 --- 導言 --- p.1 / Chapter (一) --- 問題 --- p.1 / Chapter (二) --- 幾個概念的界定和闡釋 --- p.17 / Chapter (三) --- 方法和資料 --- p.32 / Chapter (四) --- 章節安排 --- p.42 / Chapter 第二章 --- 社區治革和地理環境 --- p.54 / Chapter 第三章 --- 農業集體化以前人力利用、農業技術和經濟狀況 --- p.65 / Chapter (一) --- 土地改革前 --- p.66 / Chapter （̐ơŁ） --- 人力低度利用 --- p.66 / Chapter （̐ơØ） --- 技術不發達 --- p.70 / Chapter （̐ơÐ） --- 人力利用的季節性 --- p.74 / Chapter （̐ơÞ） --- 地權集中和少農經濟 --- p.84 / Chapter (二) --- 土地改革後 --- p.93 / Chapter 第四章 --- 從家庭少農經濟到公社──「組織集約」的策略（Organization intensive）　 --- p.103 / Chapter (一) --- 全國性的背景資料　 --- p.103 / Chapter (二) --- 紅江村的組織變遷 --- p.114 / Chapter 第五章 --- 人力利用與農業現代化 --- p.143 / Chapter (一) --- 人力利用 --- p.144 / Chapter (二) --- 農業技術革新和農業現代化 --- p.150 / Chapter (三) --- 分期之描述　 --- p.171 / Chapter （̐ơŁ） --- 第一時期（一九五四´ؤ´ؤ一九五八年） --- p.171 / Chapter （̐ơØ） --- 第二時期（一九五九´ؤ´ؤ一九六三年） --- p.182 / Chapter （̐ơÐ） --- 第三時期（一九六四´ؤ´ؤ一九六八年） --- p.189 / Chapter （̐ơÞ） --- 第四時期（一九六九´ؤ´ؤ一九七三年） --- p.193 / Chapter 第六章 --- 大組織統籌之下，利用人力和促進技術之各項措施 --- p.201 / Chapter (一) --- 水利灌溉系統的建設和水利化的實境´ؤ´ؤ整合人力利用和農業現代化之要素之一 --- p.203 / Chapter (二) --- 精耕細作´ؤ´ؤ人力利用的出路和農業增產之重要因素　 --- p.209 / Chapter (三) --- 擴大耕地面積´ؤ´ؤ人力利用的出路之一 --- p.218 / Chapter (四) --- 農村工業和多種經營´ؤ´ؤ農村人力出路和農村經濟現代化之方向 --- p.223 / Chapter (五) --- 物化季節性´ؤ´ؤ整合農村人力利用和農業技術發展之一重要環節 --- p.241 / Chapter 第七章 --- 結論 --- p.255 / Chapter (一) --- 「組織集約」人力利用模型的一些問題 --- p.255 / Chapter (二) --- 「組織集約」人力動員的方法和技術´ؤ´ؤ社會心理學的命題：「工作刺激」（work lncentive）和「共產主義新人」的型塑 --- p.267 / Chapter (三) --- 組織擴大、結構功能分化、技術華新對農村社會分層的影響表： --- p.274

This study examines the movement to establish and consolidate rural people's communes in China during the period 1958-1965. It concentrates on the development and consolidation of people's communes in the northern province of Shandong. The thesis argues that there are two trends in contemporary theories of Third World Development. One sees the development of Third World countries as a process of economic moves through adoption of advanced western technology and by the transformation of social institutions according to the features of ideal type of the western model. The other suggests that the development of Third World countries is not merely a process of economic growth, but is conditioned both by their respective historical backgrounds and the world-system. It is argued that China subscribes to the latter version of development theory. It is suggested that, historically, Chinese society followed a particular path of development. The western impact on China gradually brought about the disintegration of the traditional society. Chinese development strategy after 1949, especially after the establishment of the people's communes, is distinctive and differs not only from the dominant mode of development in China's past, but also from the modes in advanced societies of western Europe and North America, and the Third World in general. The people's commune is considered as possessing an identifiable structure and subject to a process of growth and change. Its development is seen as a response to basic economic realities and also, to an important degree, to human decision-making. It is argued that the commune system is at the center of China's strategy for rural development. Within the context of Shandong, the development of the people's commune is seen through an analysis of agricultural production, local industry, building of water conservancy, as well as changes in family institutions. The analysis of this study shows that the characteristics of the development of the people's communes during 1958-1965 manifest in two major aspects. First, development planning aims at resolving certain peasant problems which are a heritage of the traditional mode of economic development in China, and to fulfill modernization and some specific ideological goals. Secondly, the development of the people's communes helps to retain the traditional structure of rural community. The latter is essentially found in the features of self-control and self-sufficiency in political and economic life in the people's communes, and also in the development of human relations. The major sources of this study consist of documentary research, i.e., Chinese local and national newspapers of the period under study, and magazines of the same period. Interviews of émigrés were also used as supplementary sources. / Arts, Faculty of / Anthropology, Department of / Unknown