Submitted by Noeme Timbo (noeme.timbo@metodista.br) on 2017-01-20T13:45:24Z No. of bitstreams: 4 RoseMaraSouza_Parte1.pdf: 2076122 bytes, checksum: 7d1b58d85a9cef7da1edcfd9ba35a8f3 (MD5) RoseMaraSouza_Parte2.pdf: 1765563 bytes, checksum: e25b1943b208e5ef36cd6cc996e75201 (MD5) RoseMaraSouza_Parte3.pdf: 2537069 bytes, checksum: 2c3cae706ee56a5533890ae76737b533 (MD5) RoseMaraSouza_Parte4.pdf: 146984 bytes, checksum: 5f71597a08654706187af6f15be6abe9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-20T13:45:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 4 RoseMaraSouza_Parte1.pdf: 2076122 bytes, checksum: 7d1b58d85a9cef7da1edcfd9ba35a8f3 (MD5) RoseMaraSouza_Parte2.pdf: 1765563 bytes, checksum: e25b1943b208e5ef36cd6cc996e75201 (MD5) RoseMaraSouza_Parte3.pdf: 2537069 bytes, checksum: 2c3cae706ee56a5533890ae76737b533 (MD5) RoseMaraSouza_Parte4.pdf: 146984 bytes, checksum: 5f71597a08654706187af6f15be6abe9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-18 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / This study aims to verify that the Access to Information Act is a channel for news source for journalists. The research was guided by exploratory study of quantitative and qualitative nature, delineated by bibliographical research, documentary, structured interviews and content analysis. At first an overview of LAI was presented in the five continents of the globe and which countries have and do not have the rules of access to information. Later there were two mappings: The first was about the requests made by journalists (in general) in the Electronic System of Citizen Information Services (e-SIC) of the Comptroller General of the Union (CGU) in 2014 and 2015. The second mapping was directed to articles published in the newspaper Folha de S. Paulo, the policy of publishing in 2014 and 2015. Among the documents used is the 2nd performance Report Access Law to public information of the Brazilian Association of Investigative Journalism (ABRAJI) who interviewed 83 Brazilian journalists on LAI in 2015. from a theoretical point of view, the survey runs through democracy (Bobbio), the public communication concepts (Brandao), the right to public information (Mendel), data journalism (Machado), news sources (Lage / Charaudeau ) and hacker culture (Coleman), among others. The analysis showed that the LAI is used as a channel to the news source within the policy coverage, but with still low use by journalists. The survey also revealed that there are also no incentive mechanisms to use and measurement criteria on LAI as a channel to the news source, both by the federal government, as the National Federation of Journalists (FENAJ). / Este estudo visa verificar se a Lei de Acesso à Informação é um canal para obter fonte de notícia para jornalistas. A pesquisa foi norteada por estudo exploratório, de natureza quanti-qualitativa, delineado por pesquisa bibliográfica, documental, entrevistas estruturadas e análise de conteúdo. Em um primeiro momento foi apresentado um panorama da LAI nos cinco continentes do globo e quais países possuem e não possuem a legislação de acesso à informação. Posteriormente foram realizados dois mapeamentos: O primeiro foi acerca das solicitações feitas por jornalistas (em geral) no Sistema Eletrônico do Serviço de Informações ao Cidadão (e-SIC) da Controladoria-Geral da União (CGU) em 2014 e 2015. O segundo mapeamento foi dirigido às matérias publicadas no jornal Folha de S. Paulo, na editoria de política, em 2014 e 2015. Entre os documentos utilizados está o 2º Relatório de desempenho da Lei de Acesso a informações públicas da Associação Brasileira de Jornalismo Investigativo (ABRAJI), que entrevistou 83 jornalistas brasileiros sobre a LAI em 2015. Do ponto de vista teórico, a pesquisa perpassa os conceitos de democracia (Bobbio), comunicação pública (Brandão), direito à informação pública (Mendel), jornalismo de dados (Machado), fontes de notícias (Lage/Charaudeau) e cultura hacker (Coleman), entre outros. A análise mostrou que a LAI é utilizada como canal à fonte de notícia no âmbito da cobertura política, porém com baixo aproveitamento pelos jornalistas. A pesquisa ainda revelou que tampouco existem mecanismos de estímulo ao uso e critérios de mensuração sobre a LAI como canal à fonte de notícia, tanto pelo Governo Federal, quanto pela Federação Nacional dos Jornalistas (FENAJ).

La communication avec les proches, tout comme celle avec des interlocuteur·trice·s non famili·ère·s comme le personnel à l’épicerie ou à la pharmacie, est au centre de nombreuses activités qui permettent d’exercer une participation sociale satisfaisante. Or, pour réaliser une société inclusive, des adaptations humaines sont essentielles pour les personnes vivant avec un trouble de la communication. En effet, les interactions difficiles avec les individus rencontrés dans leur(s) communauté(s) pourraient restreindre leur participation sociale. Notamment, leur accès au transport collectif semble freiné par les attitudes et habiletés de communication du personnel. Considérant le rôle clé des transports collectifs dans la participation sociale, cette thèse présente un projet de recherche qui a pour ambition d’améliorer les échanges entre les chauffeur·e·s de transport adapté et les passager·ère·s du service vivant avec un trouble de la communication. Une formation des partenaires de communication, une intervention orthophonique visant à outiller des interlocuteur·trice·s à mieux interagir avec des personnes vivant avec un trouble de la communication, a été développée spécialement pour les chauffeur·e·s de transport adapté d’une société de transport public d’une grande ville québécoise. Son développement a été encadré par un modèle provenant du domaine de l’éducation aux adultes, le modèle andragogique de processus d’apprentissage. La formation intitulée Pour une communication inclusive dans les transports publics a été offerte à treize chauffeur·e·s de transport adapté. Ses effets sur les chauffeur·e·s ont été explorés avec un devis exploratoire à groupe unique. La première étude de la thèse consiste en une revue de la portée. Elle décrit les écrits scientifiques sur la formation des partenaires de communication destinée à des travailleur·euse·s ou des interlocuteur·trice·s non familier·ère·s visant à améliorer la communication avec des personnes vivant avec un ou plusieurs troubles neurologiques acquis de la communication. Les constats de cet article sont que la majorité des formations des partenaires de communication abordent un seul trouble de la communication et qu’elles sont principalement offertes à du personnel ou des étudiant·e·s du domaine de la santé. Malgré une variabilité dans les mesures utilisées pour évaluer les effets de ces formations, les résultats rapportés étaient prometteurs pour améliorer les interactions entre les personnes formées et les individus vivant avec un trouble de la communication. La deuxième étude de la thèse explore l’utilité du modèle andragogique de processus d’apprentissage. L’étude souligne que le modèle s’est avéré utile pour développer, déployer et évaluer une formation en milieu de travail qui a semblé être appréciée des participant·e·s, et ce bien que la majorité des éléments du modèle ait été adapté pour répondre aux contraintes organisationnelles. L’étude souligne que l’appréciation des besoins d’apprentissage, l’établissement d’une ambiance de bienveillance, d'acceptation, de confiance et de respect propice à l’apprentissage ainsi que le choix des méthodes de formation semblent constituer des éléments clés du modèle. La troisième étude explore les effets de la formation sur treize chauffeur·e·s de transport adapté. Après avoir été formé·e·s, les chauffeur·e·s semblent avoir plus de connaissances sur la communication avec une personne vivant avec un trouble de la communication. De plus, l’analyse des vidéos des déplacements de passager·ère·s vivant avec un trouble de la communication par les chauffeur·e·s-participant·e·s révèle que ces dernier·ère·s ont amélioré leur communication relationnelle et ont augmenté le nombre de gestes utilisés avec ces passager·ère·s. La présente thèse soutient qu’une formation des partenaires de communication basée sur des théories de l’éducation aux adultes a le potentiel d’améliorer les échanges entre les chauffeur·e·s de transport adapté et les personnes vivant avec un trouble de la communication. Elle pose les bases pour d’autres études qui devront, elles, tâcher d’évaluer l’efficacité et de comprendre davantage les effets de formations similaires. Cette thèse réaffirme l’importance des recherches sur les formations des partenaires de communication, car celles-ci représentent une intervention prometteuse pour réaliser une société plus inclusive à l’égard des individus vivant avec un trouble de la communication. / Communicating with family and friends, as well as with unfamiliar partners such as grocery store or pharmacy staff, is at the heart of many activities that enable satisfactory social participation. However, to achieve an inclusive society, human adaptations are essential for people living with a communication disability. Indeed, difficult interactions with individuals encountered in their community(ies) could restrict their social participation. In particular, their access to public transportation seems to be hindered by staff attitude and communication skills. Considering the key role of public transport in social participation, this thesis presents a research project that aims to improve interactions between adapted transport drivers and their passengers living with a communication disability. A communication partner training program, a speech-language pathology intervention aiming to train communication partner to better interact with people living with a communication disability, has been developed specifically for drivers of an adapted transport service in a large Quebec city. Its development was guided by a model from the field of adult education, the andragogical process model for learning. The training entitled Accessible Communication in Public Transportation was offered to thirteen adapted transport drivers. Its effects on the drivers were explored using an exploratory single-group design. The first study of the thesis is a scoping review. It describes the scientific literature on paid worker and unfamiliar partner communication training aiming to improve communication with people living with one or more acquired neurogenic communication disorders. The findings of this study are that the majority of communication partner training programs are disorder-specific and that they are mainly offered to health care staff or students. Despite variability in the measures used in the studies, the reported effects were promising for improving interactions between the people trained and individuals living with a communication disability. The second study of the thesis explores the usefulness of the andragogical process model for learning. The study points out that the model is useful for developing, delivering, and evaluating a workplace training that seemed to be appreciated by participants, even though the majority of the model's elements were adapted to meet organizational constraints. The study also points out that the assessment of learning needs, the establishment of an atmosphere of caring, acceptance, trust and respect conducive to learning, and the choice of training methods appear to be key elements of the model. The third study explores the effects of the communication partner training on thirteen adapted transport drivers. After being trained, the drivers appeared to have more knowledge about communicating with a person living with a communication disability. In addition, analysis of videos of the travel of passengers living with a communication disability by the driver-participants reveals that the drivers improved their relational communication and increased the number of gestures used with these passengers. This thesis suggests that a communication partner training based on adult education theories has the potential to improve interactions between adapted transport drivers and people living with communication disabilities. It lays the groundwork for further studies to evaluate the effectiveness and understand further the effects of similar trainings. This thesis reaffirms the importance of research on communication partner training as a promising intervention to realize a more inclusive society for people living with communication disabilities.