Magister Curationis - MCur / Introduction: Community service Practitioner's (CSPs), Regulation 425 graduates are placed for a period of 12 months in the public sector designated health facilities where they may encounter possible challenges. The study aimed to determine the perception of CSPs regarding the adequacy of the orientation and support for CSPs' at health care facilities in two sub-structures in the Western Cape Province. The objectives were i) to establish what support systems are in place for the CSPs' at health facilities ; ii) to determine the adequacy for CSPs'; and iii) to identify possible gaps in the orientation and support structures offered at health facilities. Methodology: The study is quantitative and adopted a descriptive design. The population (N=57) included all the CSPs' that are placed in health care facilities within two sub-structures in the Western Cape. A sample of 48 participants was obtained through all-inclusive sampling. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Statistical Package for Social Science(SPSS) software version 22.0 was used for analysis of the data. Ethical considerations: The researcher received approval from Senate Research Committee and ethical clearance from the University of the Western Cape. Permission was granted by department of health and the facility managers of the health care institutions. Informed consent was obtained from participants who were made aware that participation was voluntary, prior to completing questionnaires. Results: The results indicated that the CSPs' are receiving support in designated health facilities in the two sub structures of the Western Cape. Macro and Micro Orientation, supervision in the department and rotation to other departments have been revealed to be an adequate type of support. Possible gaps were identified, namely inadequate length of orientation programmed, as well as some support structures which were either not accessible or known to participants. Recommendations were developed to overcome these challenges.

Magister Curationis - MCur / According to Benner (2001 ), an individual moves through five stages: novice, advanced beginner, competent, proficient and expert. Competence is the measure or degree of a person's ability to cope with all aspects of the environment. It is expected that when an individual achieves competence, they possess the necessary knowledge, skills, abilities, attitudes and professionalism required to perform a certain function. The purpose of the study was to compare the perceptions of the Community Service Practitioners (Degree versus Diploma) regarding their clinical competence in providing nursing care and to establish and compare the perceptions of Professional Nurses regarding the clinical competence of the Community Service Practitioners they supervise (Degree versus Diploma) in providing nursing care. The null-hypothesis stated that there is no difference in the clinical competence of Community Service Practitioners who completed a Degree nursing programme as compared to those who completed a Diploma nursing programme leading to registration as a Professional Nurse (R425). The research methodology was quantitative, using a comparative, descriptive, cross-sectional design. The target population of the study included a sample of all Community Service Practitioners who worked in Regional Hospitals in the Western Cape and the Professional Nurses who supervised them. Convenience sampling was used to select the sample for this research and data were collected by means of a five-point Likert-scale questionnaire for the Professional Nurses supervising the Community Service Practitioners and a three-point Likert-scale questionnaire for the Community Service Practitioners. Data was organized and analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), Version 21. Descriptive statistics were used and findings were illustrated by means of descriptive tables and figures. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to calculate the null-hypothesis, which was retained. The results of the study indicated that there is no difference in the clinical competence, which included knowledge, skills and attitude, of Community Service Practitioners who completed an undergraduate Degree compared to those who completed a Diploma in nursing.

Thesis(MPH.) -- University of Limpopo, 2019 / Background: Community service health professionals working in rural areas experience challenges such poor accommodation, poor supervision, unavailability of equipment and medication. The majority of studies focussed on doctors, with a few including dentists and pharmacists. This study intended to establish the experiences of community service health professionals in all professions. Objective(s): The objectives of the study were to describe and explore the experiences of community service health professionals. Methods: A qualitative, exploratory and descriptive study was conducted. Purposive sampling was used to select community service health professionals for the study. Face to face interviews with community service health professionals were conducted to collect data. Community service health professionals were interviewed until data saturation was reached. The Tesch‘s eight steps were used to analyze data. Results: The study findings indicated that community service health professionals experienced challenges relating to accommodation, supervision and unavailability of equipment and medication. Conclusions: Community service health professionals are experiencing challenges regarding working in Limpopo province rural hospitals. It is recommended that the government should allocate more funds to health care services to address the challenges faced by community service health professionals

Our educational system has long claimed that preparing students to be active citizens is one of its main goals. With high-stakes testing pressures, schools with high minority enrollment have been found to cut back social studies programs and/or implement a drill and practice fragmented teaching style. (Center on Education Policy, 2007; McNeil and Valenzuela, 2000). This research project seeks to understand how civic engagement opportunities were provided for, the impact of these opportunities on students and community members in Corpus Christi, Texas, during the last 15 years, and the ways in which these opportunities may serve to maximize civic engagement for today’s Latino/a student. Using oral histories and archival data as a means to uncover the history of civic-minded organizations in Corpus Christi, Texas, on high school youth and their community, this research project will investigate the founding of the organizations, the people involved in them, and the impact of these organizations as it is perceived by alumni and those with direct experience of the organizations. While a study of this type may not be highly generalizable, it will provide new insights into promising civic education and engagement for previously marginalized groups of students. The findings of this research should add to the educational and social science literature by providing a nuanced understanding of how civic engagement opportunities may be tailored to fit into the learning environment of the high school civics classroom and beyond. / text

Community service as an alternative to imprisonment at its inception was taken up very strongly by the judiciary as part of the reform of the criminal justice system in Uganda. The successful enactment of the Community Service Act, Act no: 5/2000, was an achievement towards the implementation of the programme in the country. However, its implementation as an alternative sentence is currently proceeding at a slow pace. The Ugandan law still allows courts to exercise their discretionary powers with regard to either using prison sentences or community service. Courts still seem to prefer to use imprisonment irrespective of the nature of the offence, thus leading to unwarranted government expenditure and prison overcrowding. An additional problem is that some offenders come out of prison having been negatively affected by their interaction with even more serious offenders. This study was undertaken to establish whether community service as an alternative to imprisonment can be effective with regard to reducing recidivism and to accelerating reconciliation and reintegration of minor offenders back into their communities.

The title of the thesis is "The Community Service Punishment and the Execution Thereof". It analyses the alternative community service punishment not only as governed by Czech legal system, but also as covered by legal regulation of this type of punishment in other states. The thesis further describes the relation of the community service punishment to other forms of alternative punishment which are applicable under the Czech legal system and its significance therein. It also covers the topic of the community service punishment according to the doctrine of restorative justice. The thesis includes a brief history of the community service punishment regulation since the middle ages up to nowadays. The goal of the thesis consists in thorough study of the substantive and procedural regulation of the community service punishment not only as set forth by the new Criminal Code and the Criminal Procedure Code, but also as set forth by implementing laws, like e.g. the Probation and Mediation Service Law. The thesis further analyses the execution of the community service punishment as seen from the point of view of all respective actors involved. The thesis comprises eleven chapters. One of the main chapters deals with the de lege ferenda consideration. In cooperation with a Probation and Mediation Service...

The Master's thesis provides a comprehensive analysis of possible alternatives to imprisonment. It is indisputable that incarceration is the most severe penalty that can be applied to law-breakers in the Czech Republic. To use this punitive measure in cases where it might not be appropriate would be in breach of humanitarian principles and of proportionality. For this reason, it is incumbent on states to reflect on how their correctional system might be improved. The main aim of this Master's degree thesis is to examine non- custodial sentences in the Czech Republic and briefly compare them to those in operation in other countries. It also analyses whether the Czech correctional system is satisfactory. The author explores the question of whether an improvement in this area of the penal system would result in a corresponding reduction in the prison-rate. The text focuses on house-arrest, community service orders, suspended sentences, and fines, since they are the most common non-custodial sanctions. The thesis is composed of an introduction, six chapters and a conclusion. The initial two chapters are introductory and define the basic terminology used in the text. The first chapter, which considers the concept of punishment, is subdivided into four parts. Firstly, it describes what punishment...

Introduction: As many recently qualified South African doctors pursue specialisation and sub-specialisation, projections indicate that the critical mass of medical practitioners required to support primary healthcare will continue to dwindle, with wholly inadequate numbers to sustain the country's proposed National Health Insurance plan. Little is known, however, about what newly qualified doctors on the verge of making career choices think of the speciality of Family Medicine (FM) and how these young doctors actually decide on what career options to pursue. Objectives: This study describes the career intentions of newly qualified doctors working in the four southern districts of Gauteng Province, the factors that influence their career aspirations, and their views on FM as a specialty. Methods: This is a descriptive cross sectional study using a self-administered questionnaire, which targeted 502 participants (interns N=396 and community service doctors N=106) in 2013. Results: Out of 368 questionnaires returned, 342 were eligible for analysis. More than two thirds (68%) of the respondents graduated from medical schools located in Gauteng Province. Only 5.3% were working in primary healthcare (PHC) facilities. The most chosen specialties were: surgical (32.2%), internal medicine (14.3%), and paediatrics (12.9%). FM was the least chosen specialty by only eight respondents (2.3%). Only 44% had ever considered FM as a career. Of these, 77% agreed that they were not well enough informed about the FM registrar-training programme to select this discipline. Only 16.8% thought they would be job satisfied working in a PHC facility, while 53.4% believed that FM would not be financially rewarding. Conclusions: A serious human resource shortage looms large in primary healthcare if most newly qualified doctors have no desire to enter general medical practice or work in PHC settings. This study highlights the need to urgently address current undergraduate, internship and registrar training programmes in South Africa with a view to marketing FM and making generalism attractive. / AC 2016

Numerous studies demonstrate the effectiveness of university-based community service programs on students' personal, social, ethical, and academic domains. These effects depend on both, the characteristics of students enrolled and the characteristics of the programs, for instance whether they are voluntary or mandatory. Our study investigates whether effects of voluntary service programs are indeed caused by the service experience or by prior self-selection. Using data from a pre-post quasi-experimental design conducted at a public university in Europe and taking students' socioeconomic background into account, our findings on self-efficacy, generalized trust, empathic concern, and attributions for poverty show that there are no participation effects. Instead, students who join in community service differ significantly from nonparticipants with regard to almost all investigated domains a priori, indicating strong self-selection. Our results underline the importance of structured group reflection, most notably with regard to attitude-related topics.

The main aim of my thesis is to develop an analysis of current legislation governing alternative sentences, their possibilities and limits comparing it with other European Union countries. The thesis also examines the proposals de lege ferenda that could be used as a benchmark and a guide for future amendments to the current regulation. The notion of alternative sentencing became a global trend in the last two to three decades; this is the result of, inter alia, of continuous increase in the number of inmates, prison overcrowding and congestion of the judicial apparatus. Crescent crime and new forms of crime (especially economic) hit the Czech Republic as a former socialist country in the post-revolutionary times, very assertive. The results of studies and language experts warn against lax approach in the form of increased storage imprisonment and criminal policy tightening. There is also talk about crisis imprisonment. It is clear that an unconditional sentence of imprisonment has its benefits, such as preventive effect, in my opinion, however, the left especially serious crime offenders and recidivist behavior: "Nesit summum malum dolor, malum certe est." Instead of intramural prison environment with significant social and deviant subculture find great potential in alternative prison sentences, which are...