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A presente pesquisa trata do estudo teórico/experimental dos efeitos da geometria e dos parâmetros construtivos em trocadores de calor compactos do tipo serpentina para aplicações em refrigeração e ar condicionado no desempenho termo/hidráulico do ar. Para tanto, 15 serpentinas comerciais foram submetidas a testes em uma bancada experimental onde ambas as condições de entrada do ar e da água quente, utilizada como fluido dos tubos, podiam ser controladas e ajustadas. Serpentinas com aletas corrugadas (\"wavy\") e ventiladas convexas (\"convex louver\"), com distintas densidades de atletas, número de fileiras de tubos em profundidade, diâmetro e passo de tubos foram investigadas. Um programa de simulação de serpentinas foi desenvolvido para dar suporte ao tratamento de resultados. Os resultados experimentais obtidos confirmaram tendências da literatura acerca de efeitos da geometria da serpentina no desempenho termo/hidráulico do ar nas serpentinas. Algumas correlações da literatura se compararam bem aos resultados experimentais, embora algumas ilustraram importantes discrepâncias. Foram também investigadas distintas configurações geométricas segundo uma análise que envolve a segunda lei da Termodinâmica. Finalmente, os resultados experimentais, mediante regressão de dados, permitiram a elaboração de correlações gerais para os coeficientes de transferência de calor e de atrito do ar que incorporam os efeitos dos parâmetros geométricos das serpentinas. Tais correlações representaram bem os resultados experimentais com razoável acuracidade. / The research reported herein is about a theoretical and experimental study of the effects of geometric and constructive parameters of compact heat exchangers of the coil type for refrigeration and air conditioning applications over the air-side thermo-hydraulic performance. For that purpose, 15 commercial coils have been submitted to tests in an experimental set-up where both the inlet conditions of the air and those of the warm water, used as tube fluid, could be adequately controlled and adjusted. Wavy and convex louver fin coils with different fin density, number of tube rows, and tube spacing and diameter have been investigated. A computer simulation program of air coils has been developed as a working tool in the experimental results treatment and manipulation. The obtained experimental results follow closely established trends of the literature regarding the effects of the geometric parameters over the thermo-hydraulic performance of the air flow in the coils. Some correlations from the literature compare reasonably well with the experimental results though some have shown important discrepancies. It has also been investigated the performance of the different geometric configurations through a second law of Thermodynamics analysis. Finally, experimental results have been curve fitted in such a way to develop generalized correlations for the air-side heat transfer and friction coefficients that include all the important geometric parameters of the aircoils. Such correlations have proved to fit the experimental results with reasonable accuracy.

A presente pesquisa trata do estudo teórico/experimental dos efeitos da geometria e dos parâmetros construtivos em trocadores de calor compactos do tipo serpentina para aplicações em refrigeração e ar condicionado no desempenho termo/hidráulico do ar. Para tanto, 15 serpentinas comerciais foram submetidas a testes em uma bancada experimental onde ambas as condições de entrada do ar e da água quente, utilizada como fluido dos tubos, podiam ser controladas e ajustadas. Serpentinas com aletas corrugadas (\"wavy\") e ventiladas convexas (\"convex louver\"), com distintas densidades de atletas, número de fileiras de tubos em profundidade, diâmetro e passo de tubos foram investigadas. Um programa de simulação de serpentinas foi desenvolvido para dar suporte ao tratamento de resultados. Os resultados experimentais obtidos confirmaram tendências da literatura acerca de efeitos da geometria da serpentina no desempenho termo/hidráulico do ar nas serpentinas. Algumas correlações da literatura se compararam bem aos resultados experimentais, embora algumas ilustraram importantes discrepâncias. Foram também investigadas distintas configurações geométricas segundo uma análise que envolve a segunda lei da Termodinâmica. Finalmente, os resultados experimentais, mediante regressão de dados, permitiram a elaboração de correlações gerais para os coeficientes de transferência de calor e de atrito do ar que incorporam os efeitos dos parâmetros geométricos das serpentinas. Tais correlações representaram bem os resultados experimentais com razoável acuracidade. / The research reported herein is about a theoretical and experimental study of the effects of geometric and constructive parameters of compact heat exchangers of the coil type for refrigeration and air conditioning applications over the air-side thermo-hydraulic performance. For that purpose, 15 commercial coils have been submitted to tests in an experimental set-up where both the inlet conditions of the air and those of the warm water, used as tube fluid, could be adequately controlled and adjusted. Wavy and convex louver fin coils with different fin density, number of tube rows, and tube spacing and diameter have been investigated. A computer simulation program of air coils has been developed as a working tool in the experimental results treatment and manipulation. The obtained experimental results follow closely established trends of the literature regarding the effects of the geometric parameters over the thermo-hydraulic performance of the air flow in the coils. Some correlations from the literature compare reasonably well with the experimental results though some have shown important discrepancies. It has also been investigated the performance of the different geometric configurations through a second law of Thermodynamics analysis. Finally, experimental results have been curve fitted in such a way to develop generalized correlations for the air-side heat transfer and friction coefficients that include all the important geometric parameters of the aircoils. Such correlations have proved to fit the experimental results with reasonable accuracy.

This study focuses on the investigation of flow behavior at low Reynolds numbers by the experimental and numerical performance testing of micro-channel heat exchangers. An experimental study of the heat transfers and pressure drop of compact heat exchangers with louvered fins and flat tubes was conducted within a low air-side Reynolds number range of 20 < ReLp < 225. Using an existing low-speed wind tunnel, 26 sample heat exchangers of corrugated louver fin type, were tested. New correlations for Colburn j and Fanning friction f factor have been developed in terms of non-dimensional parameters. Within the investigated parameter ranges, it seems that both the j and f factors are better represented by two correlations in two flow regimes (one for ReLp = 20 – 80 and one for ReLp = 80 – 200) than a single regime correlation in the power-law format. The results support the conclusion that airflow and heat transfer at very low Reynolds numbers behaves differently from that at higher Reynolds numbers. The effect of the geometrical parameters on the heat exchanger performance was investigated. The numerical investigation was conducted for further understanding of the flow behavior at the range of experimentally tested Reynolds number. Ten different heat exchanger geometries with varied geometrical parameters obtained for the experimental studies were considered for the numerical investigation. The variations in the louver angle were the basis of the selection. The heat transfer and pressure drop performance was numerically investigated and the effect of the geometrical parameters was evaluated. Numerical results were compared against the experimental results. From the comparison, it is found that the current numerical viscous laminar models do not reflect experimentally observed transitional two regime flow behavior from fin directed to the louver directed at very low Reynolds number ranging from 20 to 200. The flow distribution through the fin and the louver region was quantified in terms of flow efficiency. The flow regime change was observed at very low Reynolds number similar to the experimental observations. However, the effect of two regime flow change does not reflect on the thermal hydraulic performance of numerical models. New correlations for the flow efficiency � have developed in terms of non-dimensional parameters.