Title: Efect of compensatory exercises on female floorball players - category women, Czech top league Objectives: Diagnose muscles with a tendency to shorten and weaken and take the basic anthropometric parameters of female floorball players. Build a stack of exercises focusing on problem areas that are not difficult to perform and don't require correction of another person. Methods: A case study in which we watched the female floorball players aged 18-32 years. Diagnose of shortened and weakened muscles was performed according to Janda muscle function test, method pretest - posttest. The measured values from pretest were compared with posttest values. In the meantime the intervention program (form of compensatory exercises) was applied on female floorball players. Results: 70% of the players were identified estimated muscle imbalances that arise from the nature of this sport. It has been shown that two months of exercise can positively affect shortened and weakened muscle. The change of the degree of "short" to "unshorted" occurred in 41% of muscles. Key words: floorball, compensatory exercises, muscle imbalance

De part leur importance médicale, leur capacité à évoluer et leur facilité de manipulations, les bêta-lactamases TEM-1 et plus récemment CTX-M-15, se sont imposées comme des modèles de biochimie mais aussi des modèles pour une étude évolutive des protéines. La caractérisation de la distribution de l'effet des mutations dans une protéine permet d'avancer dans la compréhension des mécanismes moléculaires et des contraintes influant sur l'évolution des gènes de résistance aux antibiotiques et de façon plus globale sur les protéines.Par une approche de mutagénèse exhaustive suivie d’une évolution expérimentale sous sélection antibiotique couplée à du séquençage à haut débit, nous avons pu déterminer et décrire la distribution des effets des mutations dans la protéine TEM-1. Trois catégories de mutants ont été identifiées comme ayant des comportements différents en termes de cinétique de mort face à l'antibiotique. Des études phénotypiques ont permis de proposer un scénario impliquant une saturation progressive des principales protéines liant la pénicilline en fonction de l’activité hydrolytique du mutant de bêta-lactamase. Enfin, un modèle biochimique qualitatif compatible avec cette cinétique est proposé. La comparaison des effets des mutations entre TEM-1 et CTX-M-15, deux bêta-lactamases de la famille des sérines protéases de classe A et homologue à 30%, permet d’étudier la notion de contexte-dépendance des mutations. Notamment, à travers le résidu 251 qui est différent entre ces 2 protéines et intolérant aux mutations, nous replaçons cette problématique dans une perspective évolutive globale. Cela nous permet d’étudier les incompatibilités mutationnelles au sein des protéines et les possibilités de compensation des sites destabilisés. Nous observons une compensation à la fois globale, au travers de l’effet sur la stabilité, mais aussi locale avec une épistasie forte entre le résidu 251 et le site compensateur. Enfin, afin d’étudier de façon exhaustive les intéractions épistatiques dans les protéines, nous nous sommes focalisés sur une hélice alpha de la protéine TEM-1. L’étude de près de 73% des 22000 combinaisons mutationnelles possibles a permis de souligner l’importance de la stabilité thermodynamique, celle-ci expliquant une grande part des effets des mutations. Cependant, un contingent d’interactions ne semble pas expliquable par ce modèle ce qui montre l’importance des interactions locales au sein des hélices. Le couplage de ces approches évolutives quantitatives et mécanistiques permettent à la fois d’avancer dans la compréhension des contraintes qui sous-tendent l’évolution des protéines mais aussi de plonger au cœur de la résistance aux antibiotiques et de ses mécanismes moléculaires. / Beta-lactamases TEM-1 and more recently CTX-M-15 are antibiotic resistance enzymes that combine a medical importance, a fast evolution in the wild and are easy amenable to manipulation in the laboratory. As such, they have become models of biochemistry and also models for the study of protein evolution. The characterization of the distribution of mutational effect within a protein shed light on the molecular mechanisms and the constraints influencing the evolution of proteins.Using an exhaustive mutagenesis approach followed by an experimental evolution under antibiotic selection coupled with high-throughput sequencing, we were able to determine and describe the distribution of the effects of mutations in the TEM-1 protein. Three categories of mutants have been identified as having different behaviors in terms of survival kinetics when facing the antibiotic. Phenotypic studies have allowed us to propose a scenario involving a progressive saturation of the main penicillin-binding proteins as a function of the hydrolytic activity of the beta-lactamase mutant. Finally, a qualitative biochemical model compatible with this kinetic is proposed.I then compared the fitness effects of mutations in TEM-1 and CTX-M-15, which are two beta-lactamases of the class A serine protease family with 30% homology. I focused on the context dependency of mutation effects and concentrated my analysis on residue 251, which harbor a different aminoacid in each of the enzyme that is not functional when inserted in the other protein. I further studied how mutations in the rest of the protein could compensate that incompatibility. Compenstation was found to be associated to mutations acting presumably through on overall effect on protein stability, and on some cases to some local interactions with residue 251.Finally, in order to study exhaustively the epistatic interactions in proteins, we focused one alpha helix of TEM-1. The study of nearly 73% of the 22,000 possible mutational combinations made it possible to underline the importance of thermodynamic stability, which explains a large part of the effects of mutations. However, a contingent of interactions does not seem to be explained by this model, which shows the importance of the local interactions within the helices.The coupling of these quantitative and mechanistic evolutive approaches makes it possible both to advance in understanding the constraints underlying the evolution of proteins but also to plunge into the heart of resistance to antibiotics and its molecular mechanisms.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--School of Education and Dept. of Psychology. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2005. / "A dissertation in education and psychology." Advisor: Linda S. Garavalia. Typescript. Vita. Title from "catalog record" of the print edition Description based on contents viewed March 12, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 124-134). Online version of the print edition.

The purpose of the study was to determine if instructing and modeling reciprocal teaching comprehension monitoring strategy, using expository text, would have a significant effect on the reading comprehension achievement of third, fourth, and fifth grade Chapter 1 Reading students.The population of the study consisted of third, fourth, and fifth grade students enrolled in regular classrooms and in Chapter 1 Reading in two Midwestern school corporations. There were 266 students in the study.The experimental group received instruction and modeling in reciprocal teaching comprehension monitoring strategy by the Chapter 1 teachers. The control group did not receive instruction and modeling of the strategy.The Iowa Test of Basic Skills, Form G (Levels 9, 10, 11), was administered as the pretest and posttest. An analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to evaluate differences between the experimental group and the control group which may have resulted from the treatment effect. The hypotheses tested the reading comprehension achievement gain, science achievement gain, and social science achievement gain.Findings1. It was found that there were significant differences in third, fourth, and fifth grade students in science achievement gain when they had instruction and modeling of reciprocal teaching.2. It was found that there were significant differences in third grade students in reading comprehension achievement and social science achievement when they had instruction and modeling of reciprocal teaching.3. It was found that there were no significant differences in fourth and fifth grade students in reading comprehension achievement and social science achievement when they had instruction and modeling of reciprocal teaching.Conclusion This study has been one attempt to add to the body of knowledge concerning reciprocal teaching comprehension monitoring strategy.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2001. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references. Available also from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2001. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 126-134). Available also in a digital version from Dissertation Abstracts.

The overall objective of this thesis was to compare compensatory reactions in young and older adults following unexpected platform perturbations in the frontal and sagittal planes during gait. Eleven young (aged 18-30) and ten community-dwelling older adults (aged 65+) completed a general health questionnaire, Mini BESTest, hip strength tests, and 45 walking trials on a motion platform. The walking trials were completed in a randomized block design on a 5 m pathway that moved following right heel contact after at least two steps. Young adults had stronger hips and performed better on the Mini BESTest than older adults. Compensatory reactions (measured through gait parameters and centre of mass motion) indicated that lateral perturbations were more difficult for both groups. These measures showed that young adults were able to recover more quickly than older adults. This could be attributed to altered base of support changes that occurred immediately following platform motions. / Ontario Graduate Scholarship

Proposed Omkareshwar National Park Complex (ONPC), is a planned park in Madhya Pradesh (central India) that is being designed as a compensatory conservation plan to overcome the loss of wildlife and forest by the construction and submergence from nearby Indira-Sagar and Omkareshwar dams, part of the infamous multi-purpose Narmada dam project. All the village communities in the ONPC largely depend on the forest resources for their daily sustenance, particularly fuel-wood and non-timber forest products such as tendupatta, mahua, kullu and dhavda gums. The local people typically engage as gatherers of non-timber forest resources, farmers or work as labors on other agricultural farms. Enclosing, this forest commons, threatens the livelihood opportunities of adivasis. Hence, this dissertation questions how compensatory conservation transforms the forest governance and the economic activities of the local communities. I examine how rules-in-use control spatial actions alter economic, political and social relationships within proposed ONPC in central India. I gathered the economic, social and political data through interviews, case-studies and surveys. Farmers benefit from the creation of the ONPC as a biodiversity offset, while other villagers engaged in off-farm and NTFP extraction labor, are more economically vulnerable. Adivasi depend mostly on the forest resource extraction for their income generation. Therefore, with increasing restrictions placed on the resource access and control, resource users are forced to travel outside their villages in search of wage labor.

No description available.

The first year of life is one of the main survival bottlenecks for many fish species. Individual traits affecting survival can be morphological, physiological or behavioural. Body size, growth rate and activity have all been found to affect fitness in different organisms. However, the effects of these traits on fitness in natural conditions and for underyearlings are poorly investigated. In this study we attempted to induce compensatory growth in laboratory conditions in natural populations of brown trout fry (Salmo trutta). It was performed by exposing the fry to a period of restricted resources followed by a period of refeeding. Two behavioural trials were conducted on each individual where activity level was scored. All fish were subsequently released in their native stream and recaptured after a month to check for survival. We found that high individual activity level in an open field context increased the probability of survival under natural conditions. The importance of body size for survival decreased over time, and thus, with fish size. Full compensation was detected in body condition, while only partly compensation in weight and no compensation in length were detected during the experimental periods. Our results suggest that a brown trout fry’s individual activity level is repeatable and can be an important trait for selection in nature. The instable interactions between activity and life-history traits indicate environmental effects on these interactions. Furthermore, if body size is not the only trait affecting survival, compensation in body structures may not be a fast response to increase fitness after a period of growth depression.