This study discusses competitive interaction between firms¡¦ behavior of interaction and competition among manufacturers is divided into two categories, one for the initiation of innovation activities, the other is to respond to innovation activities. In this thesis, I attempt to explore what are the factors that affect the company's launch for the innovative and dynamic response back? This study focuses on 2000 to 2009 years, the competitive interaction between mobile phone brands to explore, from the Internet and newspapers and magazines to collect data and information is then processed to quantify the way proposition verification.

Biomass, tiller numbers, flowering, and genet survival were accessed for the rhizomatous Elymus lanceolatus ssp. lanceolatus and caespitose E. l. ssp. wawawaiensis growing in mixtures with a range of densities of each taxon. Models of aboveground biomass of each taxon as a function of mixed densities were used to calculate competition indices. Tiller numbers and biomass of ssp. lanceolatus were higher than those of the caespitose taxon in the first year, but declined in the second year, while biomass and tiller numbers of ssp. wawawaiensis changed little. All tillers of ssp. wawawaiensis emerged in autumn; tillers of ssp. lanceolatus emerged from autumn through late spring. The rhizomatous taxon better exploited open resources in the first year; ssp. wawawaiensishad slower growth, but its production of many tillers early in the season may allow it to quickly exploit seasonally variable conditions of semiarid environments. Decline in flowering at higher densities and in the second year was more pronounced than that of biomass and tiller numbers. Genet survival was high and similar for both taxa. Substitution rates indicated ssp. lanceolatus was the better competitor in both years. In the second year, the two taxa differed somewhat less in substitution rates. A greater overlap in resources used by the two taxa was indicated. Subspecies lanceolatus experienced greater intensity of competition. Substitution rates and relative efficiency index indicated ssp. lanceolatus was the greater competitor between early and late spring, when overlap in resource use was greater. Another experiment addressed advantages of clonal foraging of ssp. lanceolatus in exploiting soil nutrient patches. A foraging response was found in the rhizomatous taxon, with greater numbers of closely spaced tillers in high-nutrient patches adjacent to the main clone, but root biomass in these patches, and aboveground biomass of the clones, indicated that both taxa accessed nutrients in the patches, but ssp. wawawaiens is used only root growth. The taxa were similar in their tolerance of low levels of soil nutrients. No difference among genets in degree of foraging response, and no relationship between degree of foraging response and fitness when nutrients are patchy were found. Subspecies lanceolatus did not show such a foraging response to high neighbor densities in mixed-density plots. Instead, rhizome lengths were reduced by higher neighbor densities and in the second year, by reduced resources overall.

This study discusses competitive interaction between smartphone manufacturers by the view of dynamic competitive. Focusing on 20 brands which have entered Taiwan smartphone market, this study collected the time of innovation behavior (technical innovation, appearance innovation and marking innovation) from Internet and smartphone magazine. There are five variables in this thesis which include firm country, firm diversity, firm outsourcing, firm age and firm size, and to the three innovation behaviors, (technical innovation, appearance innovation and marking innovation), this study proposes fifteen hypothesizes. In order to explore the relationship between firm characteristics and competitive responding speed. Using the Cox proportional hazard model in survival analysis, this study shows the result that the manufacturers respond faster while they have lower diversity and large scale.

Current revegetation practices in the lntermountain West include the use of Nordan (Agropyron desertorum) and Hycrest (A. cristatum x desertorum) crested wheatgrass on rangeland susceptible to cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) invasion, although little quantitative data exists that compares their competitive abilities. We evaluated both the competitive ability of Hycrest and Nordan in two-species mixtures with cheatgrass, and evaluated seedling establishment characteristics for all three species in a greenhouse study. Linear and nonlinear models were developed for a range of densities for each species to predict median above-ground biomass and tiller numbers. In both experiments, increasing Hycrest and Nordan densities reduced their own biomass and tiller production while cheatgrass biomass and tiller production was not influenced. However, increasing cheatgrass densities reduced both Hycrest and Nordan biomass and tiller production, as well as its own biomass and tiller production. Examination of trends in competition indices, such as relative resources totals, substitution rates and perceived densities indicated that as seedlings, Hycrest was a better competitor with cheatgrass than Nordan at lower crested wheatgrass densities (130 plants/m2 ). Results from this experiment indicate that Hycrest is a better competitor than Nordan with cheatgrass and suggest that seeding Hycrest at lower densities than currently recommended may optimize its seedling growth when competing with cheatgrass. Future research concerning competition in these species using similar designs should focus on competition in successive years after establishment and on field experiments to verify these results.

Competitive balance and changes in individual plant growth parameters of eight pairs of plant species exposed to enhanced UV-B irradiation were determined under field conditions simulating ozone reductions of about 0.08 atm·cm. The levels of irradiance represented ozone decreases of about 25-30 percent from approximate ambient ozone concentrations for high solar altitudes on clear days during the study. A method for calculating and statistically analyzing relative crowding coefficients was developed and used to evaluate the competitive status of the species pairs sown in a modified replacement series. The effect of UV-B irradiance was generally detrimental to plant growth, and was reflected in decreased leaf area, biomass, height and density as well as changes in competitive balance for various species. For some species inter-specific competition apparently accentuated the effect of UV-B radiation, while intensive intraspecific competition may have had the same effect for other species.