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A excelente relação custo-peso-desempenho de compósitos poliméricos em relação aos materiais tradicionais tornou-se motivo para o desenvolvimento de materiais avançados para aplicação estrutural, como compósitos epóxi/fibra de carbono, e com isso, novos métodos de processamento, diferentes resinas (matriz) e tecidos de fibras (reforço). Polímeros e seus compósitos apresentam comportamento viscoelástico, e fatores como estabilidade dimensional e resistência mecânica a longo prazo devem ser considerados quando utilizados na indústria aeronáutica. A análise dinâmico-mecânica (DMA) permite a avaliação das propriedades viscoelásticas do material, e ensaios de fluência possibilitam o estudo da deformação do material em função do tempo, sob tensão e temperatura constantes. Neste trabalho, compósitos epóxi/tecido não-dobrável (NCF) de carbono foram produzidos utilizando-se duas técnicas de fabricação: moldagem por transferência de resina com vácuo assistido (VARTM) e infusão de resina em filme (RFI), e uma análise comparativa entre os dois compósitos foi realizada. O módulo de armazenamento, E’, do compósito RFI foi aproximadamente 10 GPa maior ao longo da região vítrea e a Tonset aproximadamente 60°C mais alta em relação ao VARTM. O compósito RFI também apresentou uma região de transição vítrea mais larga (a partir da curva de tan δ). Esses resultados foram associados às relaxações moleculares e maior cooperatividade das cadeias, assim como maior rigidez do compósito RFI. Os ensaios de fluência foram realizados em três diferentes tensões e temperaturas, e o compósito VARTM apresentou maior deformação em função do tempo, indicando uma interface fibra/matriz mais fraca e um compósito menos rígido, e corroborando com os resultados de resistência ao cisalhamento interlaminar, a qual foi maior para o compósito RFI. Os modelos de Findley e de Burger foram aplicados e ambos ajustaram-se bem às curvas experimentais de fluência. Os parâmetros de cada modelo foram associados ao comportamento viscoelástico dos compósitos e relacionados com os demais resultados. / Submitted by Ana Guimarães Pereira (agpereir@ucs.br) on 2017-03-16T17:48:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Natalia Pagnoncelli Lorandi.pdf: 2042542 bytes, checksum: a231d9dd1acdbee5c47b2794a5af07be (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-16T17:48:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Natalia Pagnoncelli Lorandi.pdf: 2042542 bytes, checksum: a231d9dd1acdbee5c47b2794a5af07be (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-16 / The excellent cost-weigh-performance relationship of polymeric composites compared to traditional materials became a reason to development of advanced materials for structural application such as carbon/epoxy composites, and with that, new processing methods, different resins (matrix) and fabrics (reinforcement) producing. Polymers and their composites present viscoelastic behavior, and so issues such as dimensional stability and long-term resistance must be taken into account when used by aeronautic industry. Dynamic-mechanical analysis (DMA) allows the evaluation of viscoelastic properties, and with creep tests, it is possible to study materials strain as function of time, under constant stress and temperature. In this study, epoxy/carbon NCF composites were manufactured by two techniques: vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) and resin film infusion (RFI), and a comparative analysis between both composites was made. Storage modulus, E’, for RFI composite was approximately 10 GPa higher along the glassy region and Tonset approximately 60°C higher than VARTM composite. RFI composite also presented a wider glass transition region (form tan δ curve). These results were associated to the molecular relaxation and higher chain cooperative motion, and to the higher stiffness of RFI composite. Creep strain tests were performed in three different stress levels and temperatures, and VARTM composite presented larger creep strain with time, indicating a weaker interface fiber/matrix and a lower stiffness composite, and corroborating with short-beam shear resistance. Findley and Burger’s model were applied and both agreed well with experimental creep curves. Parameters of each model were associated to composites viscoelastic behavior and they were related to the other results.

Thesis (MTech (Mechanical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. / The aim of this thesis is to investigate the applications of multifunctional compos- ite (MFC) technology to nano-satellite structures and to produce a working concept design, which can be implemented on future Cube-Satellites (CubeSats). MFC tech- nologies can be used to optimise the performance of the satellite structure in terms of mass, volume and the protection it provides. The optimisation of the structure will allow further room for other sub-systems to be expanded and greater payload allowance. An extensive literature view of existing applications of MFC materials has been conducted, along with the analysis of a MFC CubeSat structural design account- ing for the environmental conditions in space and well-known design practices used in the space industry. Numerical analysis data has been supported by empirical analysis that was done where possible on the concept material and structure. The ndings indicate that the MFC technology shows an improvement over the conventional alu- minium structures that are currently being used. Improvements in rigidity, mass and internal volume were observed. Additional functions that the MFC structure o ers include electrical circuitry and connections through the material itself, as well as an increase electromagnetic shielding capability through the use of carbon- bre composite materials. Empirical data collected on the MFC samples also show good support for the numerical analysis results. The main conclusion to be drawn from this work is that multifunctional composite materials can indeed be used for nano-satellite structures and in the same light, can be tailor-made to the speci c mission requirements of the satellite. The technology is in its infancy still and has vast room for improvement and technological development beyond this work and well into the future. Further improvements and additional functions can be added through the inclusion of various other materials.

Orientador: Aparecido Augusto de Carvalho / Coorientador: Antônio de Pádua Lima Filho / Banca: Cláudio Kitano / Banca: João Antonio Pereira / Banca: Adriano Rogério Bruno Tech / Resumo: Um material compósito é constituído pela combinação de dois ou mais materiais, onde se procura sintetizar um novo material multifásico, e que abrigue as melhores características individuais de cada um de seus constituintes. Compósitos de polímeros (matriz) e ferroelétricos (inclusões) podem manifestar piezoeletricidade, ou seja, a produção de uma resposta elétrica devido a uma excitação mecânica, e vice-versa. Nesta tese o material polimérico usado para preparar os filmes ou lâminas de nanocompósitos é o PVDF, e, o material cerâmico é formado por nanopartículas de PZT. Ambos os materiais são dielétricos, porém, com características muito distintas (por exemplo, o PVDF tem aproximadamente 1/4 da densidade e 1/250 da constante dielétrica do PZT). O PZT é muito utilizado em transdutores, principalmente devido aos seus elevados coeficientes piezoelétricos, contudo, é quebradiço e sofre desgaste quando empregado na forma de filmes ou lâminas. Por outro lado, o PVDF é um polímero piezoelétrico que apresenta grande flexibilidade e excelentes resistências mecânica e química, porém, seus coeficientes piezoelétricos são apenas moderados. A fim de se aumentar a flexibilidade do PZT, mistura-se o pó cerâmico, na forma de nanopartículas, com o PVDF, também pulverizado. Na tese, evidencia-se que o compósito constituído por esta combinação cerâmica-polímero proporciona uma nova classe de materiais funcionais com grande potencial de aplicação, por terem combinadas a resistência e rigidez das cerâmicas, e, a elasticidade, flexibilidade, baixa densidade e elevada resistência a ruptura mecânica dos polímeros. O novo material tem grande resistência a choques mecânicos, flexibilidade, maleabilidade, e, principalmente, coeficientes piezoelétricos relativamente elevados. Amostras do compósito... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: A composite material is constituted by the combination of two or more materials, which synthesizes a new multiphase material, and has the best individual characteristics of each of its constituents. Polymer composites (matrix) and ferroelectric (inclusions) can express piezoelectricity, i.e. the production of an electrical response due to a mechanical excitation, and vice versa. In this thesis the polymeric material used to prepare the films or slides of nanocomposites is the PVDF, and, ceramic material is formed by PZT nanoparticles. Both materials are dielectrics, however, with very different characteristics (for example, the PVDF is approximately 1/4 density and 1/250 relative permittivity from PZT). The PZT is widely used in transducers, mainly due to their high piezoelectric coefficients, however, is brittle and suffers wear and tear when employed in the form of films or slides. On the other hand, the PVDF is a piezoelectric polymer that offers great flexibility and excellent mechanical and chemical resistances, however, its piezoelectric coefficients are only moderate. In order to increase the flexibility of PZT, ceramic powder is mix, in the form of nanoparticles, with PVDF, also sprayed. In theory, it becomes evident that composite consisting of this ceramic- polymer combination delivers a new class of functional materials with great potential for application, because they combine the strength and rigidity of ceramics, and elasticity, flexibility, low density and high resistance to mechanical disruption of polymers. The new material has great resistance to mechanical shock, flexibility, suppleness, and, primarily, relatively high piezoelectric coefficients. PZT/PVDF composite samples were fabricated and characterized aiming to applications such as: piezoelectric actuators, acoustic emission detectors, and energy... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor