An archetype selected over the centuries Adalberto Libera wrote little, showing more inclination to use the project as the only means of verification. This study uses a survey of the project for purely compositional space in relation to the reason that most other returns with continuity and consistency throughout his work. "The fruit of a type selected over centuries", in the words of Libera, is one of the most widely used and repeated spatial archetypes present in the history of architecture, given its nature as defined by a few consolidated elements and precisely defined with characters of geometric precision and absoluteness, the central space is provided, over the course of evolution of architecture, and its construction aspects as well as symbolic, for various uses, from historical period in which it was to coincide with sacred space for excellence, to others in which it lends itself to many different expressive possibilities of a more "secular". The central space was created on assumptions of a constructive character, and the same exact reason has determined the structural changes over the centuries, calling from time to time with advances in technology, the maximum extent possible and the different applications, which almost always have coincided with the reason for the monumental space. But it’s in the Roman world that the reason for the central space is defined from the start of a series of achievements that fix the character in perpetuity. The Pantheon was seen maximum results and, simultaneously, the archetype indispensable, to the point that it becomes difficult to sustain a discussion of the central space that excludes. But the reason the space station has complied, in ancient Rome, just as exemplary, monuments, public spaces or buildings with very different implications. The same Renaissance, on which Wittkower's proving itself once and for all, the nature and interpretation of sacred space station, and thus the symbolic significance of that invaded underlying interpretations related to Humanism, fixing the space-themed drawing it with the study and direct observation by the four-sixteenth-century masters, the ruins that in those years of renewed interest in the classical world, the first big pieces of excavation of ancient Rome brought to light with great surprise of all. Not a case, the choice to investigate the architectural work of Libera through the grounds of the central space. Investigating its projects and achievements, it turns out as the reason invoked particularly evident from the earliest to latest work, crossing-free period of the war which for many authors in different ways, the distinction between one stage and another, or the final miss. The theme and the occasion for Libera always distinct, it is precisely the key through which to investigate her work, to come to discover that the first-in this case the central plan-is the constant underlying all his work, and the second reason that the quota with or at the same time, we will return different each time and always the same Libera, formed on the major works remained from ancient times, and on this building method, means consciously, that the characters of architectural works, if valid, pass the time, and survive the use and function contingent. As for the facts by which to formalize it, they themselves are purely contingent, and therefore available to be transferred from one work to another, from one project to another, using also the loan. Using the same two words-at-issue and it becomes clear now how the theme of this study is the method of Libera and opportunity to the study of the central space in his work. But there is one aspect that, with respect to space a central plan evolves with the progress of the work of Libera on the archetype, and it is the reason behind all the way, just because an area built entirely on reason centric. It 'just the "center" of space that, ultimately, tells us the real progression and the knowledge that over the years has matured and changed in Libera. In the first phase, heavily laden with symbolic superstructure, even if used in a "bribe" from Free-always ill-disposed to sacrifice the idea of architecture to a phantom-center space is just the figure that identifies the icon represents space itself: the cross, the flame or the statue are different representations of the same idea of center built around an icon. The second part of the work of clearing the space station, changed the size of the orders but the demands of patronage, grows and expands the image space centric, celebratory nature that takes and becomes, in a different way, this same symbol . You see, one in all, as the project of "Civiltà Italiana" or symbolic arch are examples of this different attitude. And at the same point of view, you will understand how the two projects formulated on the reuse of the Mausoleum of Augustus is the key to its passage from first to second phase: the Ara Pacis in the second project, making itself the center of the composition "breaks" the pattern of symbolic figure in the center, because it is itself an architecture. And, in doing so, the transition takes place where the building itself-the central space-to become the center of that space that itself creates and determines, by extending the potential and the expressiveness of the enclosure (or cover) that defines the basin centered. In this second series of projects, which will be the apex and the point of "crisis" in the Palazzo dei Congressi all'E42 received and is no longer so, the symbol at the very geometry of space, but space itself and 'action' will be determined within this; action leading a movement, in the case of the Arco simbolico and the "Civiltà Italiana" or, more frequently, or celebration, as in the great Sala dei Recevimenti all’E42, which, in the first project proposal, is represented as a large area populated by people in suits, at a reception, in fact. In other words, in this second phase, the architecture is no longer a mere container, but it represents the shape of space, representing that which "contains". In the next step-determining the knowledge from which mature in their transition to post-war-is one step that radically changes the way centric space, although formally and compositionally Libera continues the work on the same elements, compounds and relationships in a different way . In this last phase Freedom, center, puts the man in human beings, in the two previous phases, and in a latent, were already at the center of the composition, even if relegated to the role of spectators in the first period, or of supporting actors in the second, now the heart of space. And it’s, as we shall see, the very form of being together in the form of "assembly", in its different shades (up to that sacred) to determine the shape of space, and how to relate the parts that combine to form it. The reconstruction of the birth, evolution and development of the central space of the ground in Libera, was born on the study of the monuments of ancient Rome, intersected on fifty years of recent history, honed on the constancy of a method and practice of a lifetime, becomes itself, Therefore, a project, employing the same mechanisms adopted by Libera; the decomposition and recomposition, research synthesis and unity of form, are in fact the structure of this research work. The road taken by Libera is a lesson in clarity and rationality, above all, and this work would uncover at least a fragment.

This research focuses on the definition of the complex relationship that exists between theory and project, which - in the architectural work by Oswald Mathias Ungers - is based on several essays and on the publications that - though they have never been collected in an organic text - make up an articulated corpus, so that it is possible to consider it as the foundations of a theory. More specifically, this thesis deals with the role of metaphor in Unger’s theory and its subsequent practical application to his projects. The path leading from theoretical analysis to architectural project is in Ungers’ view a slow and mediated path, where theory is an instrument without which it would not be possible to create the project's foundations. The metaphor is a figure of speech taken from disciplines such as philosophy, aesthetics, linguistics. Using a metaphor implies a transfer of meaning, as it is essentially based on the replacement of a real object with a figurative one. The research is articulated in three parts, each of them corresponding to a text by Ungers that is considered as crucial to understand the development of his architectural thinking. Each text marks three decades of Ungers’ work: the sixties, seventies and eighties. The first part of the research deals with the topic of Großform expressed by Ungers in his publication of 1966 Grossformen im Wohnungsbau, where he defines four criteria based on which architecture identifies with a Großform. One of the hypothesis underlying this study is that there is a relationship between the notion of Großform and the figure of metaphor. The second part of the thesis analyzes the time between the end of the sixties and the seventies, i.e. the time during which Ungers lived in the USA and taught at the Cornell University of Ithaca. The analysis focuses on the text Entwerfen und Denken in Vorstellungen, Metaphern und Analogien, written by Ungers in 1976, for the exhibition MAN transFORMS organized in the Cooper - Hewitt Museum in New York. This text, through which Ungers creates a sort of vocabulary to explain the notions of metaphor, analogy, signs, symbols and allegories, can be defined as the Manifesto of his architectural theory, the latter being strictly intertwined with the metaphor as a design instrument and which is best expressed when he introduces the 11 thesis with P. Koolhaas, P. Riemann, H. Kollhoff and A. Ovaska in Die Stadt in der Stadt in 1977. Berlin das grüne Stadtarchipel. The third part analyzes the indissoluble tie between the use of metaphor and the choice of the topic on which the project is based and, starting from Ungers’ publication in 1982 Architecture as theme, the relationship between idea/theme and image/metaphor is explained. Playing with shapes requires metaphoric thinking, i.e. taking references to create new ideas from the world of shapes and not just from architecture. The metaphor as a tool to interpret reality becomes for Ungers an inquiry method that precedes a project and makes it possible to define the theme on which the project will be based. In Ungers’ case, the architecture of ideas matches the idea of architecture; for Ungers the notions of idea and theme, image and metaphor cannot be separated from each other, the text on thematization of architecture is not a report of his projects, but it represents the need to put them in order and highlight the theme on which they are based.

Abstract This PhD thesis focuses on two projects carried out by Oswald Mathias Ungers in the city of Trier. More specifi cally, this study focuses on the relationship between composition principles, architectural forms, historical context and the nature of the city where these buildings have been built. The works carried out by Ungers in Trier are unique experiences - if taken in this master’s works context - and each one of them refl ects - in its specifi c project and architectural composition theme - the results - in terms of design - of a complex research on the fundamentals of architecture carried out by Ungers in more than fi ve decades of his activity. The theoretical and compositional experiment aspect is one of the main subjects to defi ne these buildings in terms of architecture. This aspect is so crucial that it is possible to consider them as an example of radical and specifi c experiences, referred to a specifi c place and based on a specifi c theoretical corpus. More specifi cally, this study focuses on the design activity carried out by Ungers in this city, mainly between the 80s and 90s and in the fi rst decade of the 21st century. It puts forward an interpretation that does not only defi ne the essential features, elements and questions lying behind these two architectures, but fi rst and foremost analyzes the theoretical, methodological and compositional relationship between Ungers and Trier, his adopted city. An increasingly closer relationship between the architect and his city highlights the wider relationship network established between the place and the projects carried out by Ungers in this city and makes it possible to understand the importance of Trier in the work of this architect, in his education and in his way to see, think and make architecture. The projects analyzed - the Thermen am Forum Museum (1988-1996) and the Kaiserthermen entrance hall (2003-2007) - were analyzed in terms of their architectural composition in an attempt to highlight the poetry of these architectures and to fi nd out their progressive, rational - and therefore transmissible - character. This study is an attempt to assess and unveil the compositional themes characterizing these projects while detecting the compositional principles lying behind the works and verifying the design process through which such principles were translated into architecture. Looking at these works as architectural composition examples makes it possible to clarify Ungers’ hermeneutic relationship established with the city’s history and structure. More specifi cally, the main subject of this thesis is the relationship between the architect, his city and history in the architectural solutions offered by two exemplary case studies, which were both built and placed in the historical city center of Trier and both connected with the ancient core of the city. The Thermen am Forum Museum and the Kaiserthermen entrance hall projects are - though being developed at different times of Ungers’ architectural life and though being extremely different in terms of approach to their context, due to their architectural image - two works that can be compared with the historical heritage of the city and this makes them ideal examples of the relationship between architectural forms, history and environment.

Lo svolgimento della tesi segue la falsariga del discorso tenuto da Pier Luigi Nervi a Torino nel maggio 1961 al momento dell’inaugurazione del Palazzo del Lavoro. In quell’occasione egli illustra la concezione strutturale del suo edificio, realizzato attraverso l’accostamento di 16 elementi autoportanti e indipendenti (ciascuno costituito da un grande pilastro in cemento armato a sezione variabile - da cruciforme a circolare - e da una piastra metallica di copertura) che gli permettono di coprire uno spazio di 25.000 mq come richiesto dal bando di concorso. Nel descrivere le varie parti dell’edificio e le modalità con cui si sono susseguite le differenti lavorazioni (attraverso fasi di cantiere attentamente pianificate), Nervi omette un particolare interessante. Esaminando i disegni esecutivi dell’opera si rileva che all’interno di ogni pilastro è presente una cavità che permette di percorrerlo dalla base fino alla sommità. Ad una prima osservazione questi ‘cunicoli nascosti’ ricordano quelli ricavati nelle spesse murature delle cattedrali romaniche o gotiche, all’interno delle quali si trovano scale a chiocciola che collegano la cripta alla copertura o alle intercapedini del sottotetto. Come per le cattedrali del passato, anche nel Palazzo del Lavoro la creazione di uno spazio praticabile interno alla struttura risponde a più requisiti: funzionale (la manutenzione dei pluviali e delle coperture), costruttivo (la riduzione del peso proprio della struttura) ed economico (il risparmio del materiale). Nervi considera probabilmente questo dettaglio costruttivo un aspetto tecnico di minore importanza, appartenente cioè ad una dimensione ordinaria del proprio lavoro. Eppure, lo spazio ricavato all’interno del pilastro non coinvolge aspetti esclusivamente tecnici, ma sembra piuttosto nascere da una chiara visione progettuale che insegue un’idea di architettura, di unità, di organicità, di ‘servizio’ e di etica del mestiere. Dall’osservazione dell’edificio e della documentazione di progetto se ne ricava infatti una differente considerazione: lo scavo del pilastro non costituisce un aspetto secondario e, viste le implicazioni di carattere spaziale che introduce, merita di essere compreso e approfondito alla luce dell’intera opera di Nervi.

Can space and place foster child development, and in particular social competence and ecological literacy? If yes, how can space and place do that? This study shows that the answer to the first question is positive and then tries to explain the way space and place can make a difference. The thesis begins with the review of literature from different disciplines – child development and child psychology, education, environmental psychology, architecture and landscape architecture. Some bridges among such disciplines are created and in some cases the ideas from the different areas of research merge: thus, this is an interdisciplinary study. The interdisciplinary knowledge from these disciplines is translated into a range of design suggestions that can foster the development of social competence and ecological literacy. Using scientific knowledge from different disciplines is a way of introducing forms of evidence into the development of design criteria. However, the definition of design criteria also has to pass through the study of a series of school buildings and un-built projects: case studies can give a positive contribution to the criteria because examples and good practices can help “translating” the theoretical knowledge into design ideas and illustrations. To do that, the different case studies have to be assessed in relation to the various themes that emerged in the literature review. Finally, research by design can be used to help define the illustrated design criteria: based on all the background knowledge that has been built, the role of the architect is to provide a series of different design solutions that can give answers to the different “questions” emerged in the literature review. / Possono gli spazi e i luoghi facilitare lo sviluppo personale e in particolare la coscienza ecologica e la competenza sociale? In caso di risposta positiva, in che modo gli spazi e i luoghi sono in grado di fare la differenza? Questa tesi mostra che la risposta alla prima domanda è positiva e in seguito cerca di spiegare il modo in cui gli spazi e i luoghi possono assumere un ruolo rilevante. La ricerca inizia con l’analisi di letteratura scientifica di diverse discipline – sviluppo infantile e personale, psicologia infantile, scienze dell’educazione, psicologia ambientale, architettura e architettura del paesaggio – anche con l’obiettivo di individuare le possibili connessioni per impostare riflessioni interdisciplinari. Tali conoscenze interdisciplinari sono state tradotte in una serie di criteri progettuali per spazi e luoghi che possano facilitare lo sviluppo della competenza sociale e della coscienza ecologica. L’analisi della letteratura scientifica è finalizzata a costruire solide basi per lo sviluppo dei criteri progettuali. La definizione di tali criteri necessita anche dello studio di una serie di progetti e realizzazioni: casi di studio possono dare un contributo positivo perché esempi e buone pratiche possono aiutare nella “traduzione” di conoscenza teorica in idee progettuali illustrate. A tale scopo, i diversi casi di studio sono stati valutati in base ai vari temi apparsi nella letteratura. Infine, la ricerca attraverso il progetto può essere usata per precisare i principii progettuali: sulla base della conoscenza costruita, il ruolo del progettista è di elaborare una serie di soluzioni progettuali che possono dare risposte alle diverse “domande” emerse dall’analisi della letteratura.

L’ingegner Pier Luigi Nervi (1891-1979), progettista, costruttore e teorico del “Costruire Correttamente”, ha intrapreso un proprio esclusivo percorso professionale che ha decretato negli anni una notevole fortuna critica fino a un sostanziale oblio dopo la sua morte. La presente ricerca di dottorato intende approfondire le tematiche legate a una significativa tipologia strutturale che ha contrassegnato il percorso professionale di Pier Luigi Nervi: le architetture voltate. Cupole, volte e coperture geodetiche rappresentano il sistema ottimale con il quale Nervi ha perseguito una personale ricerca mirata alla definizione di grandi luci di copertura a spessore ridotto. Questi sistemi di copertura rappresentano per Nervi la miglior espressione architettonica in quanto perfetta sintesi tra funzioni statiche e esigenze economiche. Le parole chiave per definire l’ambito di studio possono essere cosi riepilogate: sperimentazione/variazione sul tema/primato della grande luce/nuove strutture. La tesi intende indagare i tentativi di rinnovamento che, a partire dagli anni sessanta, spingono Pier Luigi Nervi a sperimentare l’applicazione di nuovi materiali come l’alluminio in sostituzione totale o parziale di un sistema costruttivo, quello del ferrocemento, che ha contraddistinto la maggior parte delle sue opere decretandone il successo. La testimonianza di questa intransigenza, legata all’etica del costruire secondo i principi di naturalezza e razionalità, costantemente riaffermata da Nervi nelle sue diverse pubblicazioni, è sorprendentemente disattesa nella ricerca sulle nuove strutture. Queste strutture, sperimentate senza successo in considerazione della loro mancata concreta attuazione, rivelano un complesso di singolarità capace di porre in discussione quell’intransigenza a cui Nervi ha fedelmente dichiarato di attenersi. La lettura critica del progetto di concorso per il Kuwait Sports Centre, elaborato nel 1968, contiene la sintesi di tutte le parole chiave della ricerca. Scopo della presente tesi è documentare circostanze, innovazioni e anomalie che hanno accompagnato Pier Luigi Nervi nella definizione di nuove strutture voltate. / Pier Luigi Nervi (1891-1979), designer, building contractor and theorist of the “Costruire Correttamente” (Properly Building) took up a unique career path which led him to a notable critical success over the years up to a substantive oblivion after his death. This doctorate research aims at studying thoroughly all the issues related to a remarkable structural typology which characterized Pier Luigi Nervi’s professional career: vaulted architectural structures. Domes, vaults and geodetic roofing are considered by Nervi as an optimal system through which he carried out his personal research focused on the definition of large spans with reduced thickness. These roofing systems are the best architectural expression for Nervi as perfect synthesis between static functions and economic needs. The keywords to define the field of study can be summed up thus: Experimentation/variation on the theme/primacy of large spans/new structures. The thesis is intended to analyse the renewal attempts which, from the 1960s, led Nervi to test the application of new materials such as the aluminium to completely or partially replace a building system and the ferro-cement which marked most of his works determining his success. Surprisingly, the testimony of this intransigence - mainly related to the ethics of building according to the principles of naturalness and rationality and constantly reaffirmed by Nervi in his several publications - is not considered in the research on new structures. Although these structures were tested without success because never completed, they revealed elements of uniqueness which are able to challenge the intransigence Nervi declared to faithfully adhere to. The critical study of the design competition for the Kuwait Sports Centre, developed in 1968, holds the synthesis of all the research keywords. In conclusion, the purpose of this thesis is to examine circumstances, innovations and anomalies which led Nervi to the definition of new vaulted architectural structures.

Il concetto di contaminazione fra architettura ed arti plastiche e figurative è molto antico. La dicotomia arte-architettura, sancita in via definitiva con il moderno museo di spoliazione napoleonica, non può che essere considerata una variazione neo-tecnicista sulla quale, non sempre giustamente, sono andati assestandosi gli insegnamenti delle scuole politecniche. Non così è sempre stato. Come il tempio greco può essere considerato un’opera plastica nel suo complesso, esempio tra i primi di fusione tra arte e architettura, moltissimi sono gli esempi che hanno guidato la direzione della ricerca che si è intesa perseguire. Molti sono gli esempi del passato che ci presentano figure di architetto-artista: un esempio fra tutti Michelangelo Buonarroti; come per altro non è nuovo, per l’artista puro, cimentarsi nella progettazione dello spazio architettonico o urbano, o per l'architetto essere coinvolto dalle indagini della ricerca artistica a lui contemporanea dalla quale trarre suggestioni culturali. Le rappresentazioni dei linguaggi visivi sono il frutto di contaminazioni che avvengono su diversi livelli e in più direzioni. Spesso le ricerche artistiche più significative hanno anticipato o influenzato il mondo del design, dell’architettura, della comunicazione. L’intenzione della ricerca è stata quindi approfondire, attraverso un viaggio nel Novecento, con particolare attenzione al Secondo Dopoguerra, i fenomeni culturali che hanno prodotto i più significativi sviluppi stilistici nell’ambito della ricerca e del rinnovo del linguaggio architettonico. Il compito, parafrasando Leonardo Benevolo, non è stato quello di elencare le singole battute della discussione ma di riconoscere gli interventi fruttuosi a lunga scadenza. Mutuando gli insegnamenti della scuola del Bauhaus, arte e architettura sono state affiancate perché considerate espressioni strettamente relazionate di coevi fenomeni culturali. L’obiettivo ha puntato all’individuazione dei meccanismi delle interazioni tra discipline, cercando di delineare il profilo della complessità dell’espressione del contemporaneo in architettura. / The concept of contamination between visual and figurative arts and architecture is very old. The dichotomy of art and architecture, sanctioned definitively with the modern museum of Napoleonic looting, can only be considered a variation on the neo-technicism who, not always rightly, have been settling the teachings of the polytechnics. It has not be the same during the time. As the greek temple can be seen as a plastic work as a whole, as one of the first fusion between art and architecture, many are the examples that have guided the direction of the pursued research. There are many example from the past which introduce the figure of artist-architect: an exemple of all Michelangelo Buonarroti; is not unusual, for pure artist, to engage in the design of architectural or urban space, as well as, for architect to be involved by the investigation of his own contemporary artistic research and to draw inspiration from it. The representation of visual languages are the result of contaminations occurring at different levels from different directions. Often the most significant artists research have put forward and influenced the world of design, architecture, or communication. Therefore the inner intention of the research was to deepen, through a travel into the twentieth century, with particular attention to the Second World War period, the cultural phenomena which produced the most significant stylistic developments in research and the renewal of architectural language. The task, paraphrasing Leonardo Benevolo, was not to list individual steps of the discussion but to identify that contributions which follow active development. Starting from Bauhaus school lesson, art and architecture have been joined because considered closely related expressions of contemporary cultural phenomena. The target was to identify mechanisms and interactions between disciplines, trying to delineate the complex profile of contemporary architecture.

The meaning of a place has been commonly assigned to the quality of having root (rootedness) or sense of belonging to that setting. While on the contrary, people are nowadays more concerned with the possibilities of free moving and networks of communication. So, the meaning, as well as the materiality of architecture has been dramatically altered with these forces. It is therefore of significance to explore and redefine the sense and the trend of architecture at the age of flow. In this dissertation, initially, we review the gradually changing concept of "place-non-place" and its underlying technological basis. Then we portray the transformation of meaning of architecture as influenced by media and information technology and advanced methods of mobility, in the dawn of 21st century. Against such backdrop, there is a need to sort and analyze architectural practices in response to the triplet of place-non-place and space of flow, which we plan to achieve conclusively. We also trace the concept of flow in the process of formation and transformation of old cities. As a brilliant case study, we look at Persian Bazaar from a socio-architectural point of view. In other word, based on Robert Putnam's theory of social capital, we link social context of the Bazaar with architectural configuration of cities. That is how we believe "cities as flow" are not necessarily a new paradigm.

La ricerca muove dal presupposto che l’opera di Aldo Rossi sia stata analizzata finora secondo un criterio tipologico. Tale approccio è una tra le possibili chiavi di lettura del lavoro dell’architetto. Nel tentativo di individuare un’interpretazione dell’opera di Rossi legata a sistemi immutabili nel tempo si è ritenuto necessario approfondire la relazione che si stabilisce tra la sua opera e il suolo. Attraverso la definizione di due categorie di lettura dei progetti dell’autore, che si basano su continuità o discontinuità fisica del progetto rispetto al suolo, si comprende come il rapporto tra area e progetto produca nel tempo soluzioni ricorrenti. In base a questa interpretazione muro e pilastro costituiscono due elementi fondamentali del linguaggio di Rossi. Essi a loro volta si allacciano ad un sistema di riferimento più ampio di cui tettonica e arte muraria sono i capisaldi. La ricerca si articola in tre parti, all’interno delle quali sono sviluppati specifici capitoli. La prima parte, sistema di riferimento, è necessaria a delineare un vocabolario utile per isolare il tema trattato. Essa è fondamentale per comprendere la posizione occupata da Rossi rispetto alle esperienze verificatesi nel corso della storia, relativamente al rapporto spazio - architettura - suolo. La seconda parte, arte muraria, serve a mettere in luce l’influenza che la componente massiva e plastica del terreno ha determinato nella definizione di specifiche soluzioni progettuali. La terza parte, tettonica, delinea invece un approccio opposto al precedente, individuando quei progetti in cui il rapporto col suolo è stato sminuito o addirittura negato, aumentando il senso di sospensione dei volumi nello spazio. In definitiva, l’influenza che il rapporto col suolo ha determinato sulle scelte progettuali di Rossi rappresenta l’interrogativo principale di questa ricerca. / This research study is based on the assumption that Aldo Rossi's work started with a planimetric approach to architecture and for this reason it may be interesting to carry out a more in-depth analysis of the relationship between the ground and his works. By defining two interpretation categories in the author's projects – based on project physical continuity or discontinuity with reference to the ground – it is possible to understand how, in time, the relationship between area and project brought about different compositional solutions. Based on this interpretation, walls and pillars are crucial constructive and compositional elements in Rossi's language. At the same time, they are related to a wider reference system where tectonics and masonry are the cornerstones. The research study is divided into three parts with specific chapters. The purpose of the first part, reference system, is to define a vocabulary to restrict the topic. This part is crucial to understand Rossi's stand with reference to the experiences he had in time in terms of space/architecture/ground relationship. The aim of the second part, masonry, is to stress the influence of the massive and plastic ground component on the definition of specific planning solutions. The third part, tectonics, is based on a radically different approach, if compared to the previous one: it analyses projects in which the importance of the relationship with the ground was played down or even denied, thus giving way to a feeling of suspension of volumes in space. The impact of the relationship with the ground on Rossi's planning solutions, therefore, is the main question behind this research study and the chapter layout highlights the different solutions implemented in time, while explaining the author's theoretical and personal references organised according to the identified categories.

La presente ricerca, L’architettura religiosa di Luis Moya Blanco. La costruzione come principio compositivo, tratta i temi inerenti l’edificazione di spazi per il culto della religione cristiana che l’architetto spagnolo progetta e realizza a Madrid dal 1945 al 1970. La tesi è volta ad indagare quali siano i principi alla base della composizione architettonica che si possano considerare immutati, nel lungo arco temporale in cui l’autore si trova ad operare. Tale indagine, partendo da una prima analisi riguardante gli anni della formazione e gli scritti da lui prodotti, verte in particolare sullo studio dei progetti più recenti e ancora poco trattati dalla critica. L’obbiettivo della presente tesi è dunque quello di apportare un contributo originale sull’aspetto compositivo della sua architettura. Ma analizzare la composizione significa, in Moya, analizzare la costruzione che, a dispetto del susseguirsi dei linguaggi, rimarrà l’aspetto principale delle sue opere. Lo studio dei manufatti mediante categorie estrapolate dai suoi stessi scritti – la matematica, il numero, la geometria e i tracciati regolatori - permette di evidenziare punti di contatto e di continuità tra le prime chiese, fortemente caratterizzate da un impianto barocco, e gli ultimi progetti che sembrano cercare invece un confronto con forme decisamente moderne. Queste riflessioni, parallelamente contestualizzate nell’ambito della sua consistente produzione saggistica, andranno a confluire nell’idea finale per cui la costruzione diventi per Luis Moya Blanco il principio compositivo da cui non si può prescindere, la regola che sostanzia nella materia il numero e la geometria. Se la costruzione è dunque la pietrificazione di leggi geometrico-matematiche che sottendono schemi planimetrici; il ricorso allo spazio di origine centrale non risponde all’intenzione di migliorare la liturgia, ma a questioni di tipo filosofico-idealista, che fanno corrispondere alla somma naturalezza della perfezione divina, la somma perfezione della forma circolare o di uno dei suoi derivati come l’ellisse. / This research, entitled L’architettura religiosa di Luis Moya Blanco. La costruzione come principio compositivo, is about the building of places of Christian worship the Spanish architect has designed and built from 1945 to 1970. The dissertation aims at identifying those principles pervading all the architectural composition which seem to be constant throughout the architect’s activity. The research starts from analysing his education and writings, and focuses on the latest church projects, especially the ones the critics have not dealt with in depth so far. The objective of the research is thus to gie a new contribution to the compositional aspect of his architecture. Still, analysing composition in Moya means analysing the construction that, despite the succession of different languages, remains the most important aspect in his work. The study of the manufacture through the categories taken from his own writings – such as mathematics, number, geometry, planning schemes – allows to find connections and continuity between the first churches, strongly characterised by a baroque structure, and the most recent projects, which seem to meet marked modern shapes. Such reflections, contextualized in his considerable essay output, bring to the conclusion that construction becomes, in Moya’s view, a composition principle that cannot be set aside, the rule that puts number and geometry into substance. If construction means petrifaction of geometric and mathematical rules implying planning schemes, the use of the space of central origin does not answer the purpose of improving liturgy, but it is suggested by philosophical and idealistic issues: the supreme naturalness of divine perfection matches the supreme perfection of the circular shape – or, in some cases, of one of its offshoots, the ellipse.