The thesis covers two sides of the truancy problem in the period following compulsory school attendance - the truanting children and their parents, and the local authorities charged with enforcing the law. The introduction covers current concerns about truancy and school attendance, which have increased in prominence since the 1980s. Chapter 2 reviews the historiography, which has mainly debated working-class attitudes towards compulsory schooling in the nineteenth century. This study draws instead on the insights of development economists into household decision-making over children's schooling to investigate the effectiveness of enforcement in several contrasting localities - rural and urban, industrial and agricultural, and in a seaside resort. The thesis brings together evidence to show that local authorities could make an impact on attendance levels, even in unpropitious local circumstances. Chapter 3 considers the success of measures to improve attendance up to 1900. Chapter 4 offers a detailed case study of a sample of truants and their families from Coventry in the period 1874-99. Chapters 5 to 7 cover 1900-39 and demonstrate changes in the enforcement of attendance, within the context of growing local government services related to child welfare and the family. Attendance officers' local knowledge of working-class families supported the delivery of child welfare legislation in the period after 1906, including special education, assessment of families for free school meals, assistance with medical treatment and the policing of restrictions on children's street trading. Attendance officers also supervised children deemed at risk of offending, who were committed to institutions. These additions to the enforcement role led increasingly to a remedial, rather than punitive, approach to truancy during the 1920s and 30s. The conclusion returns to contemporary policy issues over truancy and sets in context the historical reasons why it has proved such a long-standing problem for government and schools.

Education is a long-term effort. The children and teenagers are the pillar-to-be in our nation. Moreover, the popularization of national education can contribute to the enhancement of national competitiveness. Thus, the Article 21 of the Constitution of Taiwan regulates that the people shall have the right and duty to receive national education, which means anyone shall have the right to receive national education and the duty to receive national education as long as he or she is a citizen of Taiwan. Furthermore, to practice education drastically, the nation promulgates the Compulsory School Attendance Act. It allows local governments to establish ¡§committee of compulsory school attendance¡¨ to manage the dropouts from elementary and junior high schools, targeting ¡§zero dropout.¡¨ However, the good faith of the regulations can not be implemented well for every citizen in terms of ¡§the right and duty to receive education,¡¨ especially for the students who drop out of school. It is affected by complicated factors, such as personal value, society, economy, peers, indigenous people and new immigrants. Dropping out has concerned the field of education the most, and it has also brought related problems to the society and public order. Therefore, it is necessary to research and to discuss how to organize an effective legal system of dropout counseling management. Based on the 5 major frameworks of administration law, including administrative principles, administrative organization, administrative authority, administrative remedy and administrative supervision, this study aims at examining the legal system of junior high dropout counseling management to redress the deficiency of current law with researching by reference, historical analysis, comparative analysis and induction analysis in different aspects. Meanwhile, by learning from advanced countries, such as the U.S., Japan and Korea, some specific manners and suggestions, such as establishing dedicated organizations or offices, paying attention to secondary education and reinforcing the function of halfway schools, are expected to be provided for the government, schools, private organizations and future researchers. Through the above-mentioned manners, the situation of dropouts can be redressed and corrected. Moreover, the spirit of the Constitution, namely, the right and duty to receive national education for all citizens, can be fulfilled.

The diploma thesis deals with the mediation of a preview of the development of adaptation during the beginning of school attendance in pupils of the first class by the view of children, parents and teacher. The diploma thesis is divided into the theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part is divided into two chapters. The first chapter deals with the current concept of the first level of basic education and describes the important curricular documents that constitute the White Book and the Framework Educational Program of Basic Education. The second chapter deals with a child initiating school attendance and this breakthrough event is framed in the subchapters describing school maturity and school readiness, school as an impersonal institution, classmates and friends, evaluation and school success, teacher and his / her work, motivation of the pupil, adaptation to the beginning of school attendance, a change of the daily regime, and the family as the inseparable emotional support of the child. The practical part is devoted to qualitative research, which was attended by seven children who have just started their compulsory schooling, their parents and the teacher. In-depth interviewing and qualitative questionnaires are used.

Problematisk skolfrånvaro bland svenska elever är ett växande problem där ett stort ansvar läggs på barnets vårdnadshavare. Syftet med föreliggandestudie var att undersöka hur mödrar till barn som lider av problematisk skolfrånvaro upplever balansen mellan arbets- och familjeliv med hjälp av kvalitativ metod. Nio semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes för att sedan tematiseras. Tematiseringen identifierade sex teman som berör aspekter som hindrar och främjar intervjudeltagarnas upplevelse av balans i vardagenutifrån studiens två frågeställningar. Resultat från studien visade på en obalans där familjelivet påverkar arbetslivet genom upplevd otillräcklighet, mental och fysisk frånvaro i arbetslivet samt brister i stödsystemet kring barnen. Därtill visade resultatet att arbetet som fristad och energigivare, stöd från kollegor och chef samt flexibla arbetsformer främjar balansen. Slutsatser från studien är att mödrarna är i en ohållbar situation där det råder en obalans mellan arbets- och familjelivet, där brister i stödsystemet kring barnen och oförutsägbarheten hindrar balansen.

Diploma thesis deals with pupils from socially excluded localities and their education. The theoretical part defines the term socially excluded locality and deals with distinctive features that influence the situation of people living here. The Roma minority, which is often associated with social exclusion, is also characterised, and unfortunately is still frequently represented in socially excluded localities. The main topic is a socially disadvantaged pupil, their needs and current educational opportunities are taken into account. Special attention is given to Roma children and pupils with regard to cultural and ethnic specifics. The practical part is processed in the form of 12 case studies describing individual families from socially excluded localities and their attitude to children's education. The main objective of the research was to identify barriers that influence the education of their children from the parents' point of view. Partial objectives focus on other circumstances that families may have to limit access to school in relation to their social situation. The results of the research point to a close connection between the unfavorable social situation of the family, when these circumstances have a negative effect to the school education of children. Parents themselves perceive these...

The diploma thesis concerns with the school readiness issue in region Cesky Brod. High number of children with compulsory school attendance postponement resists these days, which the government decided to solve with compulsory preprimary year implementation. When framework education programs came into force, schools drew up their own school education programs. The basis, with which they enter the school, diversified. The goal of the thesis is to determine the areas in which most children had problems during the first grade enrollments in Cesky Brod region. The readiness of children to enter school is studied also from the parents' and the teachers' point of view and their points of view are compared. The research combines three methods - observation, questionnaire and case history. For the research during the first grades enrollments the observation was chosen. On the basis of the theory the areas for observation were determined and assessed according to the chosen assessment criteria. The points of view of the parents and teachers were examined in the questionnaire. The areas in which the most children had difficulties during the first grades enrollments were graphomotory and speech development. The parents and the teachers also share this opinion. Weak attention span is mention, in addition, by...

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the topic of school-matureness diagnostics.Through theoretical background it presents, at which level a child should be developed enough in terms of his/her character and knowledge, before entering the compulsory school attendance. Terms such as school knowledge and school readiness are tightly connected to the topic and explained in this research. Recent and former legislative requirements concerning the beginning of one's compulsory school attendance, school enrollment, and postponement of compulsory school attendance are mentioned. Following the theoretical part, the practical part of this thesis diagnoses school maturity. The Preliminary test of school maturity by Jaroslav Jirasek is described in detail, other often used diagnostically materials and publicly available publications with content being well usable for the diagnoses are also shortly introduced. Base don those publications a test for the diagnosis of school maturity was developed, and it was together with Jirasek's Preliminary test of school maturity used for testing school maturity with a research sample. The results were analyzed and compared. The research focus was oriented on the applicability of Preliminary test of school maturity by Jaroslav Jirasek. Its results were compared with...

This dissertation describes the decision-making process of parents in the field of postponing the compulsory school attendance or starting it on schedule. The qualitative research is based on an aggregate of 41 semi-structured interviews with parents and two focus groups, completed by subsequent observations and interviews with parents and teachers. The research goal consisted in illuminating the background of the high number of postponements in the Czech Republic, where every year about 20 % of children start in the first class a year later. The dissertation also provides insight on this topic in a comparative perspective and analyzes the initiation of compulsory education in selected European countries. The research results presented in the form of an established theory document that parents' decisions are based primarily on the needs of the family and especially of the need to be a good parent. The decision making is influenced also by the parents' attitude to the delay which has also impact on the weight being attached to other factors of the decision-making process, such as school maturity and individual areas of school readiness as well as the month of birth. During the decision-making process the experience of parents with enrolment in the first grade plays an important role as well. The...

The diploma thesis deals with the issue of school maturity and readiness of pupils in the preparatory class. In the theoretical part the basic terminology from the field of pre-school education and problems of entering the elementary school is defined. There are also the principles of the preliminary test of school maturity described in detail. They are subsequently applied in practical research. The research part focuses on the comparison of the level of school maturity and readiness of pupils in the preparatory class and children in kindergarten. The survey was mainly conducted using qualitative methods, specifically through interviews, questionnaires and anamnesis. However, one quantitative method was also included - the standardized preliminary test of school maturity. This test focuses on fine motor skills and visuo-motor coordination ability. The research was carried out in preparatory classes and kindergartens in Mladá Boleslav and its surroundings. The goal of this diploma thesis was to find out whether education in a certain kind of preschool facility can affect children's readiness for school. Research results showed, that preparatory classes have better conditions for the development of a preschool pupil with postponement of school attendance than kindergartens. KEY WORDS Preschool...

In the diploma thesis I concentrated on an approach of preschool teachers to children whose school attendance was postponed. Thesis is divided in two parts. In theoretical part I deal with a definition of school maturity and readiness, which are the basics to find child's troubles with postponement of school attendance. Then I delineate present situation in the Czech Republic - I define contemporary concept of preschools, I deal with compulsory school education and possibility of postponement of school attendance. In the last chapter of the theoretical part I concentrate on the approach of teachers and in sub-chapters I define activities and impact which they have. In empirical part I used a snowball sampling to approach some preschool teachers. Eleven teachers from Prague and Plzeň region have participated the research. After filling in questionnaires focused on individual children whose school attendance will be postponed, questions were adapted to the main research method - interview. Using thematical analysis I discovered various approaches of teachers to organizing forms of work, cooperation with parents, cooperation with specialists, documents in preschools, contemporary perspective of postponement of school attendance in the Czech Republic.