<p>A design of anautomatic network capacity markets, oftenreferred to as a bandwidth market, is presented. Three topicsare investigated. First, a network model is proposed. Theproposed model is based upon a trisection of the participantroles into network users, network owners, and market middlemen.The network capacity is defined in a way that allows it to betraded, and to have a well defined price. The network devicesare modeled as core nodes, access nodes, and border nodes.Requirements on these are given. It is shown how theirfunctionalities can be implemented in a network. Second, asimulated capacity market is presented, and a statisticalmethod for estimating the price dynamics in the market isproposed. A method for pricing network services based on sharedcapacity is proposed, in which the price of a service isequivalent to that of a financial derivative contract on anumber of simple capacity shares.Third, protocols for theinteraction between the participants are proposed. The marketparticipants need to commit to contracts with an auditableprotocol with a small overhead. The proposed protocol is basedon a public key infrastructure and on known protocols for multiparty contract signing. The proposed model allows networkcapacity to be traded in a manner that utilizes the networkeciently. A new feature of this market model, compared to othernetwork capacity markets, is that the prices are not controlledby the network owners. It is the end-users who, by middlemen,trade capacity among each-other. Therefore, financial, ratherthan control theoretic, methods are used for the pricing ofcapacity.</p><p><b>Keywords:</b>Computer network architecture, bandwidthtrading, inter-domain Quality-of-Service, pricing,combinatorial allocation, financial derivative pricing,stochastic modeling</p>

Orientador: Eleri Cardozo / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T06:51:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Badan_TomasAntonioCosta_D.pdf: 1510212 bytes, checksum: 73618c2b1cfc1df892bb1bd071694ef9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: A próxima geração da telefonia celular, 4G, será totalmente baseada no protocolo IP. Para o usuário final, a expectativa é estar constantemente conectado à esta rede, no qual a característica fundamental será a mobilidade transparente do dispositivo móvel, entre as várias subredes que compõem um domínio administrativo. Esta tese tem por objetivo propor uma solução para o problema da mobilidade transparente do dispositivo móvel em redes IP. Como consequência, duas contribuições são alcançadas. A primeira é a especificação de uma arquitetura que permita localizar e rastrear o dispositivo móvel em um domínio administrativo, que seja independente da tecnologia de túneis utilizada na camada de rede. A segunda é a proposição de um método de rastreamento do dispositivo móvel em redes MPLS, preservando as especificações do protocolo MPLS. É mostrado também como este método foi integrado com a arquitetura previamente definida. Por fim, é descrita como essa proposta de rastreamento em redes MPLS foi implementada sobre o sistema operacional Linux e os testes realizados para avaliar, tanto a implementação desta proposta, quanto a sua integração com essa arquitetura / Abstract: The next generation of cellular telephony, 4G, is going to be totally based on the IP protocol. The end user expects to be constantly connected to this network, in which the key feature Will be the seamless mobility of the mobile device among the various subnets within an administrative domain. This thesis has as objective to propose a solution to the problem of seamless mobility of the mobile device in IP networks. As such, two contributions are achieved. The first one is the specification of an architecture able to locate and track the mobile device inside an administrative domain, being independent of the tunnel technology used in the network layer. The second one is the proposition of a method to track the mobile device inside a MPLS networks, keeping intact the specifications of the MPLS protocol. It is also shown how this method was integrated with the previously defined architecture. Finally, it is described how the proposed method to track mobile devices inside a MPLS network was implemented on the Linux operating system, and the tests performed in order to assess both the implementation of this proposal and its integration with this architecture / Doutorado / Engenharia de Computação / Doutor em Engenharia Elétrica

Orientador: Edmundo Roberto Mauro Madeira / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T13:56:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Malheiros_NeumarCosta_M.pdf: 2725607 bytes, checksum: f54c00065fc570ea3f84ae73359abcf8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Um plano de controle distribuído, como a arquitetura GMPLS (Generalized Multiprotocol Label Switching), permite o aprovisionamento dinâmico de conexões em redes de transporte de camada 1, como redes ópticas ou redes TDM (Time Division Multiplexing). Dessa forma, essas redes podem oferecer serviços mais sofisticados como serviços VPN (Virtual Private Network). Esses serviçõs, então denominados VPN de camada 1 (L1VPN - Layer 1 VPN), permitem que a infra-estrutura de transporte do provedor seja compartilhada entre múltiplas redes clientes. Neste trabalho, é proposta uma arquitetura para gerência de serviços L1VPN. A abordagem foi utilizar o paradigma de Gerência Baseada em Políticas (PBM ? Policy-Based Management) para prover aos clientes um certo nível de controle e gerência sobre suas L1VPNs. Além disso, é apresentada a implementação de um protótipo da arquitetura proposta, assim como uma discussão das implicações de diferentes políticas para a gerência de configuração de serviços L1VPN, a partir de um estudo de caso / Abstract: A distributed control plane architecture as GMPLS enhances transport networks with dynamic connection control. As a result, it allows the provisioning of advanced connectivity services, like Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), on layer 1 switching networks as optical and TDM networks. Such Layer 1 VPN (L1VPN) services enable multiple customer networks to share a single transport network. In this work, an architecture for L1VPN management is proposed. The approach is based on Policy-Based Management (PBM) to provide customers with some level of control and management over their L1VPNs. Furthermore, a prototype implementation of the proposed architecture is presented and from a case study implications of different policies for L1VPN service configuration management are discussed. / Mestrado / Mestre em Ciência da Computação

In networks, using large buffers tend to increase end-to-end packet delay and its deviations, conflicting with real-time applications such as online gaming, audio-video services, IPTV, and VoIP. Further, large buffers complicate the design of high speed routers, leading to more power consumption and board space. According to Moore's law, switching speeds double every 18 months while memory access speeds double only every 10 years. Hence, as memory requirements increasingly become a limiting aspect of router design, studying networks in finite-buffer regime seems necessary for network engineers. This work focuses on both practical and theoretical aspects of finite-buffer networks. In Chapters 1-7, we investigate the effects of finite buffer sizes on the throughput and packet delay in different networks. These performance measures are shown to be linked to the stationary distribution of an underlying irreducible Markov chain that exactly models the changes in the network. An iterative scheme is proposed to approximate the steady-state distribution of buffer occupancies by decoupling the exact chain to smaller chains. These approximate solutions are used to analytically characterize network throughput and packet delay, and are also applied to some network performance optimization problems. Further, using simulations, it is confirmed that the proposed framework yields accurate estimates of the throughput and delay performance measures and captures the vital trends and tradeoffs in these networks. In Chapters 8-10, we address the problem of modeling and analysis of the performance of finite-memory random linear network coding in erasure networks. When using random linear network coding, the content of buffers creates dependencies which cannot be captured directly using the classical queueing theoretical models. A careful derivation of the buffer occupancy states and their transition rules are presented as well as decodability conditions when random linear network coding is performed on a stream of arriving packets.

Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have been widely deployed in developmental programs and this has lead to the creation of a new field – ICT for Development (ICT4D). Within the context of ICT4D, various e-services are being developed, including e-Commerce, e-Government, e-Health and e-Judiciary. ICT4D projects allow Small, Medium and Micro Enterprises (SMMEs) in rural areas to increase sales and gain a market share in the global market. However, many of these ICT4D projects do not succeed, because they fail to bring enough financial value to SMMEs due to the form they currently have. An obvious example is e-Commerce, which should be a source of revenue for business organizations, but most often is not. This thesis presents the design and implementation of a rewarding and negotiation application for a shopping portal to improve the marketing of products for rural entrepreneurs. The shopping portal has been set up for the Dwesa community, a marginalized area in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. The proposed system, called the Dwesa Rewarding Program (DRP) enables customers buying online to get points for some of the activities carried out on the shopping portal. It also allows customers to negotiate and make offers whilst purchasing and get rewarded for buying online. The novelty of the system is in its flexibility and adaptability. One achievement of this system is the establishment of negotiation rules which allows fairness in rewarding customers. This should in turn lead to increased sales on the e-Commerce platform in marginalized areas and subsequently increased effectiveness of ICT4D for socio-economic development