Arbetet beskriver möjligheten att kunna utföra prediktivt underhåll med hjälp av information frånCOMTRADE störningsfiler. En mjukvarualgoritm som hämtar tidsförlopp för händelser som uppstårvid störningar och kan ge indikationer på ifall reläer eller strömbrytare faller utanför optimalaarbetsförhållanden har utvecklats. På detta sett kan underhållsarbete utföras vid behov vilket kanspara tid och pengar för att inte göras efter schemalagda tider.Tillsammans med uppdragsgivare från Megger och Ellevio utfördes arbetet med syfte att utvecklaen programvara som stöd för prediktivt underhåll. Programvaran kunde ta ut tidshändelser förregistrerade störningar och kunde hantera flertalet scenarion för vilka typer av information somfunnits tillgängligt ur filen. En användare har tillgång till en automatisk algoritm som gör analysav filen och ett manuellt verktyg där vidare analyser kan göras ifall utfallet från algoritmen inte ärgodtyckligt.Trender över tid är något som finns möjlighet att få ut ur algoritmen, men det kräver en större mängddataset än som varit tillgänglig under arbetet. / The work describes the opportunities to perform preventive maintenance with the help of informationfrom COMTRADE disturbance files. A software algorithm was developed which collects disturbancedata and gives indications if equipment are not working within optimal conditions.Using thisinformation preventive maintenance can be performed based on need instead of scheduling to savetime and money.Together with supervisors from involved companies a software was developed to be used as a supportfor preventive maintenance. The software can extract disturbance times and handle multiple scenariosbased on information collected from disturbance files. A user has access to a algoritm that createsautomatical analysis of the COMTRADE file and a manual tool for extensive analysis when the algoritmdoes not give proper results.Trends over time can be analysed with the algortim, this do require a larger amount of data than whatwas available during the work.

This report studies the possibilities of minimizing unplanned maintenance work and improving the availability of power supply by enabling preventive maintenance in power systems, without having to make additional investments in the existing systems. This was done using information from COMTRADE files (disturbance recording files) that are created in the event of a fault in the power system. The IEC 61850 standard facilitates the process of retrieving and analyzing the disturbance files by standardizing their format and the way they are stored. By creating a software solution that automatically reads and analyses the COMTRADE files, deteriorating performance of the power system equipment can be detected and preventive maintenance suggested. The result of the project is a software solution that reads and analyses COMTRADE files in an automated way. The software identifies fault events (fault start, trip signal sent, circuit breaker open, auto-reclose command, circuit breaker closed) from the recorded signals using wavelet transform as the main method. It then calculates the times of relay and circuit breaker operations. The calculated times are compared to threshold values and warnings are generated if they exceed the thresholds. / Denna rapport studerar möjligheten att minimera oönskade underhållsarbeten och öka tillgången på strömförsörjning genom att möjliggöra förebyggande underhåll i kraftsystemet, utan att behöva göra ytterligare investeringar för sina befintliga system. Detta gjordes med hjälp av information från COMTRADE-filer (filer för inspelning av störningar) som skapades vid ett fel i elnätet. IEC 61850-standarden underlättar processen för att hämta och analysera störningsfilerna genom att standardisera sitt format och hur de lagras. Genom att skapa en programvarulösning som automatiskt läser och analyserar COMTRADE-filerna, kan försämrad prestanda hos strömsystemets utrustning detekteras och förebyggande underhåll föreslås. Resultatet av projektet är en mjukvarulösning som läser och analyserar COMTRADE-filer på ett automatiserat sätt. Programvaran identifierar felhändelser (fel start, sänd bryt-signal, brytare öppen, automatisk återstängnings kommando, strömbrytare stängd) från de inspelade signalerna med wavelettransformen som huvudmetod. Därefter beräknas driftstiderna för relä och brytare. De beräknade tiderna jämförs med tröskelvärden och varningar genereras om de överskrider tröskelvärdena.

Orientador: Jose Roberto Sanches Mantovani / Banca: Luiz Fernando Bovolato / Banca: Rodrigo Aparecido Fernandes Pereira / Resumo: Neste trabalho apresenta-se uma metodologia para obter um ambiente interativo de simulação com ferramentas que permitam fazer análises de sistemas de proteção como estudos de coordenação e analises pós falta. As ferramentas estão baseadas no programa de simulação de transitórios eletro- magnéticos EMTP/ATP e na linguagem de programação ANSI C, sobre a plataforma de software livre GNU/Linux. Esta metodologia pode ser implementada, da mesma forma, em qualquer plataforma Windows sobre a qual possa funcionar o EMTP/ATP e o pacote ATP/MingW. Assim, implementou- se um relé de distância numérico através de modelos externos ("foreign models"). Ilustra-se também como usar arquivos no formato COMTRADE na análise com EMTP/ATP. Dessa forma foi possível analisar o comportamento do relé implementado tendo como entradas os sinais de tensões e correntes correspondentes aos eventos reais. Os sinais de disparo, assim como os demais componentes do relé, foram testados usando um sistema teste de referência do Power System Relaying Committee da PES-IEEE e os sinais de faltas reais do Sistema Elétrico Interligado da Colômbia. Por fim, foi feito um estudo de coordenação. Os resultados são apresentados e discutidos. A metodologia proposta pode ser usada para desenvolver qualquer componente ou elemento de controle dentro de um sistema elétrico, onde haja a necessidade de usar o EMTP/ATP para simular condições específicas de operação do sistema elétrico, complementando a simplicidade da linguagem MODELS com a portabilidade e potencialidade da linguagem C / Abstract: This work presents the methodology to obtain an environment of interactive simulation with tools to perform analysis of protection systems, coordination studies and analysis post fault. These tools are based on the program for electromagnetic transients EMTP/ATP and in ANSI C programming language used in the free GNU/Linux software platform. The same methodology can be followed to be used on any Windows Operating System that can run EMTP/ATP and the package ATP/MingW. Then, for this, a numerical distance relay was implemented by means of foreign models using C programming language. It also shows how to use COMTRADE files in analysis with EMTP / ATP. Thus it was possible to analyze the behavior of the implemented relay with voltage and current signals of real events as inputs. The trip signals, like the other components of the relay, were tested using a testing reference system of Power System Relaying Committee of PES-IEEE and the signals of real faults of Inter- connected Electric System of Colombia. Finally, a coordination study was made. The results are presented and discussed. This methodology could also be used to develop any component or control element within an electrical system that one may need for a particular use; therefore, compensating the simplicity of the language MODELS with the flexibility and portability of C programming language / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-02-18Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:08:07Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 fabianespinoza_rg_me_ilha.pdf: 869619 bytes, checksum: 3c82572569bc2349669cb3765fb65c95 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Ensino Pesquisa e Extensão de Ilha Solteira (FEPISA) / Neste trabalho apresenta-se uma metodologia para obter um ambiente interativo de simulação com ferramentas que permitam fazer análises de sistemas de proteção como estudos de coordenação e analises pós falta. As ferramentas estão baseadas no programa de simulação de transitórios eletro- magnéticos EMTP/ATP e na linguagem de programação ANSI C, sobre a plataforma de software livre GNU/Linux. Esta metodologia pode ser implementada, da mesma forma, em qualquer plataforma Windows sobre a qual possa funcionar o EMTP/ATP e o pacote ATP/MingW. Assim, implementou- se um relé de distância numérico através de modelos externos (“foreign models”). Ilustra-se também como usar arquivos no formato COMTRADE na análise com EMTP/ATP. Dessa forma foi possível analisar o comportamento do relé implementado tendo como entradas os sinais de tensões e correntes correspondentes aos eventos reais. Os sinais de disparo, assim como os demais componentes do relé, foram testados usando um sistema teste de referência do Power System Relaying Committee da PES-IEEE e os sinais de faltas reais do Sistema Elétrico Interligado da Colômbia. Por fim, foi feito um estudo de coordenação. Os resultados são apresentados e discutidos. A metodologia proposta pode ser usada para desenvolver qualquer componente ou elemento de controle dentro de um sistema elétrico, onde haja a necessidade de usar o EMTP/ATP para simular condições específicas de operação do sistema elétrico, complementando a simplicidade da linguagem MODELS com a portabilidade e potencialidade da linguagem C / This work presents the methodology to obtain an environment of interactive simulation with tools to perform analysis of protection systems, coordination studies and analysis post fault. These tools are based on the program for electromagnetic transients EMTP/ATP and in ANSI C programming language used in the free GNU/Linux software platform. The same methodology can be followed to be used on any Windows Operating System that can run EMTP/ATP and the package ATP/MingW. Then, for this, a numerical distance relay was implemented by means of foreign models using C programming language. It also shows how to use COMTRADE files in analysis with EMTP / ATP. Thus it was possible to analyze the behavior of the implemented relay with voltage and current signals of real events as inputs. The trip signals, like the other components of the relay, were tested using a testing reference system of Power System Relaying Committee of PES-IEEE and the signals of real faults of Inter- connected Electric System of Colombia. Finally, a coordination study was made. The results are presented and discussed. This methodology could also be used to develop any component or control element within an electrical system that one may need for a particular use; therefore, compensating the simplicity of the language MODELS with the flexibility and portability of C programming language

The thesis is focused on a presentation of a model creating which is followed by the simulation of running real network with using the compensatory elements to minimize the incurred failures. This thesis is divided into two thematic parts – the first theoretical one deals with the basis structuring of short-circuit faults and more detailed study of ineffective ground connection. Particularly this part attends to the problematic of a network description with extinguishing suppression. Using the compensation minimizes the impact of the failure state. A short-term fixing of a resistor improves the function of the ground-fault protection and helps to detect the outgoing section damaged by the defect. Furthermore the thesis indicates simulation programs, compares them and chooses the most suitable one for the next practical part. This is focused on a simulation of a real network run, together with elements for an effective defect-reduction or easier detection of ground connection. As a simulation of a ground short-circuit is the model in the end of the thesis modified on a network with an effective grounded bundle. Testing of the model correctness and creating a record of a model using the real ground protection settings is also one part of this thesis.

Master thesis Testing of Directional Earth Fault Protections Using the Experimentally Obtained Fault Records deals with the protective functions of earth fault protections during earth faults in compensated medium voltage distribution network and their testing options. At the beginning of the thesis we charakterize operation of medium voltage distribution system in general. We begin with definition and characteristics of earth fault and its compartmentalization by the type of the fault, size of the transition resistance and duration. We also mention grounding methods of node winding transformer on medium voltage distribution network and we describe the most common of them in detail, i.e. network grouded through the arc suppression coil and its operation with automatic switching auxiliary resistor. In this part of the thesis we discuss the localization of the earth fault using passive static methods in compensated systems, which include wattmetric, admittance and conductance method. In next section we deal with the fault records stored in COMTRADE file format, its structure and all elements of its configuration and data file. We create and describe an example of converting ADF file format, recorded by Yokogawa oscilloscope fault recorder, into COMTRADE file format using Microsoft Excel program and M-File created in the MATLAB program. In the practical part we introduce workspace devices and software, which includes secondary testing equipment OMICRON CMC 256plus and its software OMICRON Test Universe with Advance Transplay test module, we further describe multifunctional earth fault protection RYo from PROTECTION & CONSULTING, s. r. o. and machine terminal REM 543 from ABB and their protective functions. The last part describes the actual testing of parallel connected earth fault protection with COMTRADE fault records by Advance Transplay test module in the OMICRON Test Universe. In the conclusion we describe evaluation of the suitability of each protective functions of earth fault protection in a variety of sizes the transition resistance at the earth fault location.

Demand for electrical power is increasing everyday. Along with the increase in power demand, the characteristics of the loads are also changing. From being high power consuming, simple, robust loads, today loads are more efficient, but at the same time more sensitive. The performance and life of these highly sensitive loads depend a lot on the quality of power supplied to them. <p>Power quality is any deviation of the voltage or current waveform from its normal sinusoidal waveshape. These disturbances include, but are not limited to, sag, undervoltage, interruption, swell, overvoltage, transients, harmonics, voltage flicker and any other distortions to the sinusoidal waveform. Occurrence of one or more of such disturbances is called a power quality event. Automatic classification of these disturbances is important for quick determination of the causes and to characterize possible impacts of the disturbances.<p>Modern microprocessor based protective relays have numerous integrated functions that allow them to provide information on power quality events. It is proposed to utilize the existing numerical relays to analyze the quality of power at any point in the power system. The numerical relays can be programmed to capture the oscillographic waveform or any disturbance on the analogue signal or change of state of the digital signals and store it in the form of Common Format For Transient Data Exchange (COMTRADE) format. These records are then transferred to a central monitoring workstation for off-line analysis. <p>This thesis describes a technique to automate the classification and analysis of the power quality events using relay recorded data. The technique uses voltage duration and magnitude (as specified in the IEEE Std. 1159 - 1995, IEEE Recommended Practice for Monitoring Electric Power Quality) of three phases to detect and classify the events. The classified results are then presented in a user-friendly graphical form. Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is used to estimate the fundamental frequency and harmonic components in power systems. The graphical user interface of the power quality analysis tool is developed using Microsoft Visual C++ IDE and the algorithms are programmed in C++. <p>The proposed technique was tested using data obtained by simulating different power system disturbances as well as on the data recorded by relays. The algorithms were able to classify the power quality events accurately. In the future, this facility will: enhance the real time monitoring of power quality and provide statistical analysis of available power quality data. From the utility viewpoint, it would allow them to monitor power quality in a cost effective manner and assist in preventive and predictive maintenance besides helping them to fix differential tariff based on the quality of the delivered power. It may also turn out to be a smart tool for them to penalize the consumer polluting the power quality.

Demand for electrical power is increasing everyday. Along with the increase in power demand, the characteristics of the loads are also changing. From being high power consuming, simple, robust loads, today loads are more efficient, but at the same time more sensitive. The performance and life of these highly sensitive loads depend a lot on the quality of power supplied to them. <p>Power quality is any deviation of the voltage or current waveform from its normal sinusoidal waveshape. These disturbances include, but are not limited to, sag, undervoltage, interruption, swell, overvoltage, transients, harmonics, voltage flicker and any other distortions to the sinusoidal waveform. Occurrence of one or more of such disturbances is called a power quality event. Automatic classification of these disturbances is important for quick determination of the causes and to characterize possible impacts of the disturbances.<p>Modern microprocessor based protective relays have numerous integrated functions that allow them to provide information on power quality events. It is proposed to utilize the existing numerical relays to analyze the quality of power at any point in the power system. The numerical relays can be programmed to capture the oscillographic waveform or any disturbance on the analogue signal or change of state of the digital signals and store it in the form of Common Format For Transient Data Exchange (COMTRADE) format. These records are then transferred to a central monitoring workstation for off-line analysis. <p>This thesis describes a technique to automate the classification and analysis of the power quality events using relay recorded data. The technique uses voltage duration and magnitude (as specified in the IEEE Std. 1159 - 1995, IEEE Recommended Practice for Monitoring Electric Power Quality) of three phases to detect and classify the events. The classified results are then presented in a user-friendly graphical form. Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is used to estimate the fundamental frequency and harmonic components in power systems. The graphical user interface of the power quality analysis tool is developed using Microsoft Visual C++ IDE and the algorithms are programmed in C++. <p>The proposed technique was tested using data obtained by simulating different power system disturbances as well as on the data recorded by relays. The algorithms were able to classify the power quality events accurately. In the future, this facility will: enhance the real time monitoring of power quality and provide statistical analysis of available power quality data. From the utility viewpoint, it would allow them to monitor power quality in a cost effective manner and assist in preventive and predictive maintenance besides helping them to fix differential tariff based on the quality of the delivered power. It may also turn out to be a smart tool for them to penalize the consumer polluting the power quality.

Standard IEC 61850-9-2 definuje přenos vzorkovaných měřených hodnot (sampled measured values, SMV) prostřednictvím sítě Ethernet a využití SMV získaných ze slučovacích jednotek nebo přístrojových transformátorů. Implementace IEC 61850-9-2 závisí na vlastnostech datového souboru, jakými jsou časová synchronizace, počet vzorků a časový interval. Dizertační práce je zaměřena na algoritmy chránění a analýzu vlivu standardu IEC61850-9-2LE na fyzická zařízení ochran s analogově/digitálními vstupními daty o proudu a napětí. S ohledem na narůstající míru interakce mezi fyzickými zařízeními a komunikačními prvky byl navržen test pro analýzu komunikace pro rozvodnu využívající konvenční metody (analogové vstupy) a metody digitální založené na standardu IEC 61850-9-2. Práce dále popisuje funkci slučovací jednotky využívající standard IEC61850-9-2LE. Navržená metoda definuje zdroj SMV a analyzuje přenos dat. V rámci práce byl za využití softwaru Matlab naprogramován algoritmus ochrany. Vytvořený model je schopen vyhodnotit vliv harmonického zkreslení na funkci digitálních ochran a vliv přesycení proudového transformátoru na distanční ochranu. V práci jsou zhodnoceny i možnosti zrychlení testování systémů chránění s využitím neuronové sítě. Závěrečná kapitola se zabývá aplikacemi v reálném čase, využívajícími data z rozvodny v blízkosti Vysokého učení technického v Brně. K přenosu dat z rozvodny do univerzitní laboratoře je zde využíváno SMV přenášených optickým kabelem o délce 16 km. Aplikace je vytvořena v programu Matlab a je schopna číst data z ethernetového portu, dekódovat je, převést z formátu ASCII do desítkové soustavy a poté vykreslit průběhy proudu a napětí. Mezi vlastnosti aplikace se řadí jednoduchost použití, schopnost implementace funkcí distanční ochrany, výpočet RMS hodnot proudu a napětí a harmonického zkreslení, harmonická analýza prostřednictvím rychlé Fourierovy transformace a výpočet impedance poruchové smyčky. Všechny výpočty běží v reálném čase a provedena je i citlivostní analýza modelu.