Introduction: Salivary gland obstructive conditions are common and may necessitate imaging of the glands for diagnosis and management purposes. Many imaging options are available but all have limitations. Sialography is considered the gold standard for examining obstructive conditions of the parotid and submandibular glands but it is largely influenced by the imaging technique to which it is coupled. Cone beam computed tomography (cbCT) is a relatively new and very promising imaging modality that has overcome many of the inherent limitations of other imaging modalities used in the past for sialography. Materials and methods: A RANDO®Man imaging phantom was used to determine the effective radiation doses from the series of plain film images that represent the current standard of practice for sialography. Similar experiments were then undertaken to determine the effective radiation doses from cbCT when varying the field-of-view (FOV) size and center, x-ray tube peak kilovoltage (kVp) and milliamperage (mA). Next, cbCT image quality, measured using the signal-difference-to-noise-ratio (SDNR) was used to determine those technical factors that optimized image quality. Finally, using the optimized image acquisition parameters, a prospective clinical study was conducted to test the diagnostic efficacy of cbCT sialography compared to plain film sialography. Results: Effective radiation doses were comparable between the plain film image series and cbCT examinations of the parotid and submandibular glands when a 6” FOV was chosen, and when the x-ray tube was operating at 80 kVp and 10 mA. We also found that these exposure settings optimized the image SDNR. Finally, we demonstrated that the diagnostic capabilities of cbCT sialography were superior to plain film sialography with regards to detecting sialoliths and strictures, and when differentiating normal salivary glands from those with changes secondary to inflammation. Conclusion: We have successfully developed a three dimensional (3D) sialography technique for imaging the parotid and submandibular salivary glands using cbCT that balances radiation effective dose with image quality. We also demonstrated the superior diagnostic capabilities of the new technique in a clinical setting.

Introduction: Salivary gland obstructive conditions are common and may necessitate imaging of the glands for diagnosis and management purposes. Many imaging options are available but all have limitations. Sialography is considered the gold standard for examining obstructive conditions of the parotid and submandibular glands but it is largely influenced by the imaging technique to which it is coupled. Cone beam computed tomography (cbCT) is a relatively new and very promising imaging modality that has overcome many of the inherent limitations of other imaging modalities used in the past for sialography. Materials and methods: A RANDO®Man imaging phantom was used to determine the effective radiation doses from the series of plain film images that represent the current standard of practice for sialography. Similar experiments were then undertaken to determine the effective radiation doses from cbCT when varying the field-of-view (FOV) size and center, x-ray tube peak kilovoltage (kVp) and milliamperage (mA). Next, cbCT image quality, measured using the signal-difference-to-noise-ratio (SDNR) was used to determine those technical factors that optimized image quality. Finally, using the optimized image acquisition parameters, a prospective clinical study was conducted to test the diagnostic efficacy of cbCT sialography compared to plain film sialography. Results: Effective radiation doses were comparable between the plain film image series and cbCT examinations of the parotid and submandibular glands when a 6” FOV was chosen, and when the x-ray tube was operating at 80 kVp and 10 mA. We also found that these exposure settings optimized the image SDNR. Finally, we demonstrated that the diagnostic capabilities of cbCT sialography were superior to plain film sialography with regards to detecting sialoliths and strictures, and when differentiating normal salivary glands from those with changes secondary to inflammation. Conclusion: We have successfully developed a three dimensional (3D) sialography technique for imaging the parotid and submandibular salivary glands using cbCT that balances radiation effective dose with image quality. We also demonstrated the superior diagnostic capabilities of the new technique in a clinical setting.

Thesis (B.A.)--Haverford College, Dept. of Religion, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Th. M.)--Dallas Theological Seminary, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 48-50).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Notre Dame, 2004. / Thesis directed by Lynette P. Spillman for the Department of Sociology. "May 2004." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 267-276).

Thesis (Th. M.)--Dallas Theological Seminary, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 48-50).

Dissertation (Ph.D.)-- Worcester Polytechnic Institute. / Keywords: temperature measurement; heat flux maps; Cone Calorimeter; three-dimensional heat conduction; fire growth models; retainer frame; ceramic fiberboard; edge effect; one-dimensional heat conduction; heat flux mapping procedure; infrared camera; specimen preparation; edge frame; one-dimensional heat conduction model; thermal properties. Includes bibliographical references (p.202-204).

Thesis (M.S.) -- Worcester Polytechnic Institute. / Keywords: measurement uncertainty; composite properties. Includes bibliographical references.

Na prática Brasileira os projetos de fundações são elaborados fi-eqüentemente com base em resultados de ensaios de SPr. Desde a década de 1960, novos ensaios de investigação de subsolo tem sido incorporados à prática geotécnica, complementando as infonnações obtidas no SPr, e fornecendo uma descrição mais detalhada das características do subsolo. Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal a análise do desempenho da metodologia corrente de previsão de capacidade de carga de estacas escavadas, a partir dos resultados de ensaios de Conepenetrometria (CPT), realizados em solos residuais. A experiência acumulada do ensaio de Cone a 1Úvel internacional é restrita a depósitos de solos sedimentares, havendo a necessidade de ampliação do banco de dados de provas de carga em solos de origem residual. Com o oQjetivo de relacionar resultados de ensaios de Cone (CPT) com o dimensionamento de estacas escavadas em solos residuais, foram utilizadas as metodologias propostas por Aoki & Velloso (1975), Bustamante & Gianeselli (1982) e Philipponnat (1986), comparando cargas de ruptura medidas e estimadas. As análises são aplicadas tanto à estimativa da resistência de atrito lateral (Pl) como da carga de ponta (PP) das estacas O banco de dados utilizado neste estudo é composto de 22 estacas escavadas com diâmetro entre 400 e 700 mm e comprimento entre 7,5 e 25,0 m, bem como 31 sondagens CPT com profundidades variando de 5,0 a 25,0 m. São utilizados resultados de Provas de carga no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, sendo posteriormente ampliado para outros casos publicados da prática brasileira. Todas as 22 estacas escavadas analisadas foram ensaiadas através de Prova de carga do tipo SML, sendo o Método de Van der Veen (1953) utilizado como referência para obtenção da carga de ruptura. Conclui-se a partir do estudo dos casos que nenhum dos três métodos analisados, propostos por Aoki & Velloso (1975), Bustamante & Gianeselli (1982) e Philipponnat (1986), apresentou desempenho satisfatório para o conjunto de dados analisados. Em geral as cargas previstas foram superiores às cargas medidas, o que caracteriza uma condição contrária à segurança. Entre os métodos analisados, o proposto por Aoki & Velloso (1975) produziu a melhor relação entre cargas medidas com cargas estimadas, porém sugere-se a ampliação deste banco de dados previamente ao uso generalizado deste método na prática de engenharia sempre que as estimativas forem realizadas com base em resultados de ensaios CPr.

Volatile emissions from Cascades cinder cone eruptions have been well-documented; however the implications for understanding the effects that volcanic gases have on surrounding communities have not been addressed. This study examines the hazards from volatile degassing during explosive activity by (1) analyzing S, Cl, and F concentrations dissolved in olivine-hosted melt inclusions and matrix glass from cinder cones located in central Oregon and northern California, (2) estimating the mass of volcanic gas degassed during these eruptions, and (3) predicting gas concentrations downwind of the vent. Analyses reveal that the magmas degassed >88% S, <49% Cl, and <50% F during eruption, equating to a release of ≤4.5 Mt SO2, ≤0.2 Mt HCl, and ≤0.2 Mt HF. Predictions of gas concentrations downwind of the vent provides reassurance that the levels of volcanic gases were not high enough at the time of eruption to present acute or severe health hazards to nearby residents.