Thèse présentée comme exigence partielle du programme de doctorat en théologie offert à l'Université de Sherbrooke en vertu d'un protocole d'entente avec l'Université Laval. / Qu'advient-il lorsque l'étude de l'expérience du pénitent occupe la place centrale dans l'effort de compréhension de la crise autour de la pratique du sacrement de pénitence? En écoutant en profondeur les pénitents, à l'aide des outils du counselling pastoral, il nous a été possible d'identifier des structures de la dynamique interne et celles des valeurs des pénitents, ayant un impact sur certaines fautes commises.Si ces affirmations se vérifient, les ministres du sacrement de pénitence ne peuvent que s'ouvrir aux connaissances humaines pour comprendre davantage le lien étroit existant entre les détresses psychiques et spirituelles des pénitents. Un tel projet ne serait pas une nouveauté dans l'Église mais un rapprochement de l'attitude du Christ qui n'avait pas dissocié le pardon des péchés et le bien-être intégral (la guérison) des humains. Le salut qu'il nous apporte étant un rachat et en même temps une guérison, la pratique du sacrement de pénitence ne peut se permettre de passer à côté de la souffrance humaine!

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published_or_final_version / Literary Studies / Master / Master of Arts

本文分為六章，第一章就本研究題目的動機與方法等作一簡單之介紹，第二章就台灣警察制度之發展及警訊自白成因作一闡述，第三章就自白之證據能力與價值而為分析，第四章就最高法院之法律見解與實務偵查人員之實務應對問題做一探討，第五章針對陷入僵局之警詢自白尋求合法、可行之操作方式，第六章總結全文而為結論。 在自白理論之研究上，首先針對台灣警察制度之發展及被告自白之成因作一基礎之探討，以探究被告何以會違反人性自利之天性下而為自白，次就自白證據能力之問題，以我國刑事訴訟法第一百五十六條之不正訊問方法為中心而深究，至於如何確保被告自白之任意性方面，則分別由被告緘默權、律師權及全程錄影、錄音之保障做探討以為確保自白之可用性，最後再分析補強法則之沿革及理論基礎以補強自白證據價值。 在自白之實證分析上，經本文就最高法院有關警訊自白的證據爭議做統計，判決資料中高達76%的警訊自白遭質疑，其數字略與違反錄影、錄音之規定相當，突顯合法自白需錄影錄音以為擔保之強烈關聯性，且從實務偵查人員之問卷調查中得知，雖然多數人員都知道合法自白之程序規定，但仍強烈需要適度偵辦之空間，且已能認知不得強迫取供。 結論在強調白白雖具不可替代性，但在現今社會下，自白之取得更需遵循程序正義原則及維護被告人權，所以提出建議幾種自律方式以合法取得自白。 / This study consists of six chapters, the first of which introduces the research’s history, motivations and methods ; the second chapter explains the development of the Police System in Taiwan and the key factors of defendants’ confession to police; the third chapter analyzes the qualification and value of the evidence in confessions, the fourth chapter discusses the Supreme Court’s interpretation of confession law on the relative problems about the investigators’ response, the fifth chapter explores legal means and possible ways to the stalemate of confession; and the final chapter is a conclusion of the articles. The study, In the research of the theories of confession , first approaches the reasons of defendants’ acting contrary to humanity during police questioning as to confess from the basic research for the development of the Police System in Taiwan and the key factors of defendants’ confessions to police. Based on the National Criminal Law Proceedings §156, relative problems of the evidence qualification are discussed. As regards how to ensure the defendant’s voluntary confession, a study is made on the protection of defendant’s right to silence, right to counsel and to the picture or sound recording for offering testimony. Lastly, the supplemental rule theory is analyzed to reinforce the value of the evidence in confessions. In the statistical sampling of confessions in the Supreme Court’s judgments, more then 76% have been queried, which is approximately the same as the number of illegal picture or sound recording exhibiting the significant relation between recording and legal confessions for offering confession’s testimony although most investigators realize the legal process in criminal lawsuits and the illegality of extorting confessions, they, as the survey in this study shows, still require a certain extent of freedom in investigation. The conclusion of this article emphasizes on the must of confessions, however, in the current legal environment, obeying due process of law and maintaining human rights should be further considered in the process of obtaining confessions, therefore a proposal for calling the legal confessions is put forward.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Nevada, Reno, 2005. / "December, 2005." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 37-42). Online version available on the World Wide Web. Library also has microfilm. Ann Arbor, Mich. : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [2005]. 1 microfilm reel ; 35 mm.

This dissertation is an historical and theological analysis of the Sinner's Prayer. Chapter 1 introduces the topic, provides an example of the Sinner's Prayer, and proposes the importance of this study. The methodology and limitations of the study are also discussed. Chapter 2 traces the history of evangelism from New Testament times. Significant movements and persons are discussed as they have importance for the development of a theology and methodology of evangelism that lead the way to the introduction of the Sinner's Prayer. Gospel tracts receive attention because they are representative of the popular approaches to evangelism. The case presented is that the Sinner's Prayer originated in the early twentieth century as a result of efforts to simplify and reproduce methods in evangelism. Billy Graham is given primary credit for popularizing the prayer. Chapter 3 provides a theological analysis of the Sinner's Prayer. The doctrine of prayer is discussed. Biblical soteriology receives significant attention. Theological objections that have been raised regarding the Sinner's Prayer are also discussed. Theological correctives are offered to those who will continue to use the prayer as a tool in evangelism. Chapter 4 discusses the use of methods in evangelism, noting limitations, dangers, and ethical considerations. This chapter stresses the need for reform in the way the Sinner's Prayer is typically used. This work contends that the Sinner's Prayer is of recent origin. It reflects the theological and methodological shift in evangelism that occurred during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Theologically, most versions of the Sinner's Prayer fail to reflect the biblical directives for salvation. In the manner in which it is typically use, the prayer has become a barrier to effective evangelism. If evangelists will continue to make use of the prayer, reform is critical.

Diss.--Universität Trier, 2002. / Bibliogr. p. 428-475. Index.

<p>This project examines the medieval practice of the sacrament of penance and the innovative ways in which medieval literature engaged with the pastoral project of the Catholic church to provide the penitent with a way to deal with sin. Drawing from medieval literature, religious writing and theological sources, this project begins by illustrating the extent to which each of these didactic texts produces a "model of confession" that reaffirms the teachings of the church. However, approaching these texts with careful attention to language and to the grammar of sin and penance, I show that each of these undeniably orthodox works departs from traditional accounts of the sacrament of penance in significant ways. I suggest that such departures point to moments of theological exploration. My dissertation thus interrogates the category of orthodoxy, showing it to be more capacious and exploratory than is generally recognized. Further, I suggest that the vernacular penitential literature of the late medieval period, motivated by pastoral considerations, actively engages with academic and clerical theological debates surrounding the heavily contested sacrament of penance. </p><p>Chapter one examines <italic>Jacob's Well<italic>, a fifteenth-century vernacular penitential treatise. I argue that the narrative exempla often work against the instruction offered within each chapter, compelling the reader to consider theological problems not addressed within the doctrinal material. These resistances, I suggest, are intentional and not only suggest certain limitations in traditional penitential manuals, but encourage a more conscientious penitential practice and a better understanding of church doctrine. In chapter two I consider the <italic>Showings<italic> of Julian of Norwich. I show how Julian critiques the church's penitential system and offers an alternative form of confession and penance that holds the sinner accountable for sins while reassuring the penitent of God's love and forgiveness. Chapter three compares two fifteenth-century morality plays, <italic>Mankind<italic> and the <italic>Castle of Perseverance<italic>. Through a reading of the treatment of mercy in both plays, I suggest that the Castle's departures from traditional accounts of sacramental confession allow the author to explore the scope of God's mercy and experiment with the idea of universal salvation while still promoting orthodox instruction. I conclude this dissertation with Thomas Hoccleve's poem "Lerne to Die," one of the earliest treatments of the Ars moriendi theme. Examining some of the differences between sacramental confession and deathbed confession, I show how the absence of the sacrament in this dramatic account of unprepared death emphasizes the power of God's grace and limitations of human effort. However, Hoccleve ultimately reaffirms the necessity of final confession by the end of the poem.</p> / Dissertation

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