ABSTRACT This cost benefit analysis and research are about the joint of military recruitments and conscription concept. The feasibility evaluation has put in consideration of compatriots¡¦ view points and the relative cost benefit of this operation. The analysis and research outcome are relevant to the authorities for decision making. In order to increase the anticipation of society, the plan is put forth on how to encourage the public to adequately express their view points and expectations. Also arrange the interview in depth with public specialists to recognize the diversity of different culture on policy of military construction for the National Defense. The research is based on two phases. (Phase I: To interview with specialists. Phase II: Telephone research of general public). The conclusions are based on the interview with public specialists, telephone research and card vote. 1.When total enrollment reaches to 275 thousand people and the final budget accounting set by law legislature in 2003. The human resource maintenance cost must drop below 45% of national defense budget. The ratio norm of conscription and recruitment is 60% : 40%. Therefore, National defense budge may increase up to 336 billion and human resource maintenance cost may increase up to 151.2 billion. 2.National defense budget should establish the fix percentage above the total government budget GDP ratio by 3% to meet the ratio norm of conscription and recruitment at 60% : 40%. And it only uses annual budget by not spending the special allowance.

Military service system is the beginning of founding national defense and a way of establishing civilians serving military service. It has great effects on the nation as well as individuals. With the change of time and space, the military strategy in R.O.C. has also undergone concrete transformation. After 1979, R.O.C. adopts the idea of defensive posture in building up troops. R.O.C. Armed Forces also pushes a whole programming of reconstructing troops, such as "Ten-Year Military Buildup Concepts", "Jingshi Program" and "Jingjin Program". The adjustment in organization and objectives in big range is regarded as the great military reconstruction since the establishment of the army. Therefore, the influence is deep and wide. Besides, the military service system serves as the source of high quality and proper quantity personnel, so the choice of military service system should depend on the guidelines of military strategies and the requirement of force structure. Hence, whether the force sourcing or the shortening of the service term should keep the flexibility and tenacity, in accordance with the gradual adjustment of buildup plan. Otherwise, the military strategic target cannot be achieved. Nowadays, the military buildup plan is based on the "fighting, equipment, organization, training, and employing" and the goal of "what we fight, what we get." And "Ten-Year Military Buildup Concepts" and "Five-Year Defense Force Programming" are important documents in ¡§designing¡¨ long-term force construction needs, which instruct the force structure in the future toward the target of reducing the total numbers of soldiers and promote personnel's character. Among these objectives, the military service system is an important part of "organization", and the root of weapon system efficiency. Currently the design of R.O.C. military service system is mainly on the voluntary system to meet the requirement of military personnel. Speaking of the trend of military service system, the voluntary system is the mainstream indeed. However, the factors of designing military service system are very complicated. There is no good or bad one. From the literature review about the military service system, most of them are concerned about whether the voluntary system or conscription system is good or bad and shortening of service time. Few of them mention the deep underlying theories behind military service system and the problem arising from the process of military transformation. This study mainly explores the problems encountered in the reform of the military service system. The policy-making authorities must face up to these factors and search for long-term and complete solution. Otherwise, the effect of the voluntary system to elevate the military power will be reduced and it will cause more and more problems in the future.

「兵役制度」為國民至軍隊服役制度，是保障國家安全之武裝力量，平時以法律規範，完成兵員補充、武裝組織、軍事訓練，使人民依法履行義務。「兵役制度」依國家安全環境考量，由戰略家與兵力規劃者權衡戰事，反覆檢視安全環境、戰略目標、可利用資源，從整體戰略來決定兵力結構，以合理有效訓練方式提升兵力水準，以支撐軍事戰略。 兩岸為創造有利之安全環境與挑戰內外競敵，不斷在軍事戰略思維實施調整。中共已賦予解放軍保障國家安全利益之任務與角色，並自1949年建政以來，持續運用針對性之軍事演習或武力展示威懾台灣，以達其政治目的，並於1985年大裁軍後，以量小質精、齊全、強大的軍兵種常規武裝力量，遂行立體作戰整備。台灣軍事戰略從「反攻大陸」－「攻守一體」－「防衛固守」－「防衛固守，有效嚇阻」－「有效嚇阻，防衛固守」，各階段戰略決策有所不同，依當時國防威脅逐年修正，台澎防衛作戰又將作戰區區分安全警戒區、主要戰鬥區、後方區域，以提高作戰層次與建軍備戰。台灣如何於獲得先進武器後，搭配組建優質兵力，以形成整體軍力優勢，為維護整體國防安全之碁石。為因應台海快速變化的戰爭型態，台灣之國防組織必須採「平戰一體」，才能因應未來戰事。然而，台灣目前國防設計則偏向平戰轉換，在國防體制上是「常後分立」，戰時才將後備動員轉換為戰力．台灣軍方較迷失動員人力「到召率」，認為到召率數提高，戰力便從而昇起，而因應台海戰爭發展迅速，如完全仰賴動員，戰事亦可能告敗結束。 / The “Conscription System” is a military service scheme ordinarily enforced by law，through which the citizens of a country are called up for obligatory military service.It is the basic formation of armed forces to safeguard the national security，so that supplement of military manpower，organization of armed services，arrangement of military training，and exertion of authority over the citizens for observance of the obligatory duties can be undertaken without hindrance .Based on the consideration of national circumstantial security，the blueprint of conscription system，including the size of military forces，strategic structure of armed forces，elevation of the standard of armaments to support the decided military strategy is entrusted to groups of military strategists and planners to formulate and decide after their repeated careful surveyals of the national security circumstances，strategic aims and national resources available.The opponents on opposite coasts of Taiwan Strait for creating environments，advantageous to their own potentials and challenging their hostiles，either extrinsic or intrinsic，unremittingly adjust and readjust their thoughts of military strategy to suit the alterations of situations.The Communist China has long since bestowed upon its “Liberation Army” the role and task of safeguarding national safety and benefits，and indeed since its accomplishment of civil administration in 1949，it persistently manipulates purposeful military maneuvers or military displays to threaten Taiwan to effectuate its political aims.On the side of Taiwan，the military strategy has been modified from “Restoration of Mainland” at the beginning to “Unification of Attack and Defensive Holdout” and then to “Defensive Holdout and Effective Deterrence” by the Department of Defense，year in，year out，based on the altering strategic situation at various stages.With respect to the Taiwan-Penghus Defense in case of war，the entire war theater is divided into safe surveillance zone，main or major combat zone and rear zone so as to elevate the orders of warfare and raise weapons for war. How to acquire modern weapons to incorporate the raising of a military force of high quality to create military supremacy，is the solution or cornerstone of safeguarding the overall safety of defense.To be able to cope with the war in the Taiwan strait，which， in general assumption，could change rapidly in pattern，the coustitution of national defense must be based on a conception of ‘war and peace alike” .Nevertheless，at present，the design of national defense inclines to be based on a theory of ‘peace and war switchover” .In the structure of defense，regulars and reservists are independent and individualized without intimate and close linkage，and in case of war，the reservists are then called up to form combatant units.The higher military echelons，owing to being bewildered by high summon or attending rate of the called－up reservists，are of the opinion that if the summon rate is raised，the combative strength is also elevated.Since the fashion of war of the Taiwan Strait could be swift，should meeting the enemy solely rely on mobilization of reservists，the war might end in defeat.