(English) The presented diploma thesis deals with the French concession connectors bien que, quoique, encore que, malgré que and certes-mais. The aim of the thesis was to describe their behaviour in French and to compare them with Czech. As the main classification criteria, we choose the position of the concédé and the asserté, and the finiteness of the concédé. By reason of technical arrangement of the corpus, the type of concession is described only marginally. The connectors were described on random samples from the parallel corpus Europarl. This corpus contains transcripts of the European Parliament's debates and was chosen due to the high content of argumentative structures. In the defined samples, bien que and certes-mais are very close in their function (most often is the government of finite concédés in anteposition). Another class consists of encore que and malgré que (commonly govern finite concédés in postposition). Quoique is aside, because it prefers on our samples non-finite concédés in postposition. And thus, the conjunction connectors, which are often referred to as synonymous, exhibit different behavior in terms of the factors described. More generally, the anteposition of concédés emphasizes the validity of the concessive implication, while its postposition stresses the concessive...

This thesis describes the means of expressing the category of definiteness in Albanian. Inasmuch as this category has not been comprehensively analyzed in this language so far, the starting point of the thesis is the description of this category in English which, by contrast, has been subject to a detailed analysis by many authors from different aspects both theoretical and practical. Keywords: Albanian, English, definite article, definite form, reference, contrastive description

Cette thèse porte sur les marqueurs de temps, de mode et d’aspect [TMA] dans deux créoles français : le mauricien et le haïtien. Deux objectifs sont visés : 1] apporter des arguments pour soutenir l’idée du caractère non exceptionnel des langues créoles et 2] mettre en lumière les différences constrastives du marquage TMA entre les systèmes verbaux des deux créoles. Premièrement, nous remettons en question le concept de « Creole Specific Reanalysis » [Detges 2000] en discutant de l’opposition entre deux mécanismes importants du changement linguistique que sont la grammaticalisation et la réanalyse et nous menons une étude diachronique sur les marqueurs TMA en créole mauricien à partir d’un corpus de textes anciens. Par son exploitation systématique, ce travail permet d’arriver à une description de l’émergence et du développement du système verbal TMA en mauricien. Deuxièmement, nous faisons une étude comparative synchronique des systèmes des marqueurs TMA du mauricien et du haïtien en nous appuyant sur un cadre théorique général de la temporalité et à partir de données contemporaines, issues entre autres d’une enquête suivant le questionnaire de Dahl [1985]. Nous présentons les éléments communs et ceux qui différencient les marqueurs TMA des deux créoles en raison de leurs fonctions communicatives et de leurs sémantismes dans leurs emplois et usages respectifs. / This study concerns the tense, mood and aspect [TMA] markers in two French Creoles: Mauritian and Haitian. The objectives of this doctoral thesis are twofold : 1] provide arguments to support the idea that Creole languages are non-exceptional and 2] highlight the contrastive differences of TMA marking between the verbal systems of the two creoles. First, we question the concept of "Creole Specific Reanalysis" [Detges 2000] by discussing the opposition between two important mechanisms in language change : grammaticalization and reanalysis, and we conduct a diachronical study on TMA markers in Mauritian Creole based on a corpus of old texts. Through its systematic exploitation, this work describes the emergence and the development of the TMA verbal system in this Creole. Secondly, a comparative analysis of the synchronic systems of TMA markers in Mauritian and Haitian is done, based on a general theoretical framework on Temporality and on contemporary data, resulting inter alia from a survey using Dahl’s [1985] questionnaire. The study presents the common elements and those that differentiate the TMA markers in the two Creoles because of their semantics and the communicative functions they fulfill.

The first and until now last translation of the drama The Ballad of the Sad Café which was written by Edward Albee based on the novella by Carson McCullers was published 51 years ago. This fact leads us to the assumption that the translation is already outdated. In this thesis we deliver a new translation and by comparing and contrasting the two texts we draw conclusions on aging of translations, elements that cause aging of translations and ways how current theatre-makers handle an outdated text nowadays. The first part of the thesis consists of the drama's literary analysis. The following translation analysis represents a preparatory phase for the translation itself. We also provide a theoretical background on repeated translation, aging of translation and translation of dramatic texts. The new translation of the play is compared and contrasted in the last part in which we cover the most important issues described in the translation analysis. We conclude by comparing our findings with the staging of the play from 2005 in which the earlier translation was used. Key words: THE BALLAD OF THE SAD CAFÉ, Czech interpretation, Czech translation, translation of dramatic texts, repeated translation, aging of translations, contrastive description of Czech translations