Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / Considero o esporte moderno, particularmente o futebol, como um dos fenÃmenos sociais com maior potencialidade para se analisar muitas das caracterÃsticas dos tempos hodiernos, como, por exemplo, a efemeridade da vida moderna, a fragilidade e, ao mesmo tempo, a forÃa dos laÃos humanos â das relaÃÃes e dos vÃnculos trabalhistas, as lealdades a grupos e a instituiÃÃes, a (re)construÃÃo das representaÃÃes sobre naÃÃo (identidade nacional), os novos processos de disciplinarizaÃÃo, dentre outros. Desse contexto, esta pesquisa focou o âprotagonista do espetÃculoâ â o jogador de futebol, especialmente, o momento em que este realiza a passagem para a pÃs-carreira, o âsegundo tempo da vidaâ. Que estratÃgias e instrumentos esses indivÃduos acionaram, e ainda acionam, nessa transiÃÃo? Por que à tÃo difÃcil parar de jogar futebol profissionalmente? Para responder a essas e outras questÃes em torno desse fenÃmeno social, trabalho com referÃncias bourdiesianas como as categorias âcampoâ e âcapitalâ para pensar o processo de âconversÃoâ e âreconversÃoâ dos diversos capitais acumulados ao longo das trajetÃrias e dos reposicionamentos na passagem da condiÃÃo de jogador para a de ex-jogador. Levanto a hipÃtese de que a carreira de jogador de futebol se constitui como uma âcondiÃÃo liminarâ para explicar as dificuldades envolvidas nessa passagem. Compreendo ainda, ser a carreira de jogador marcada por uma sÃrie de ambiguidades como a posiÃÃo do jogador de futebol no processo civilizador (ELIAS, 1993). O recorte foi o estado do CearÃ, de forma que a pesquisa procurou responder a questÃo sobre se existe um mercado de trabalho e uma rede de assistÃncia ao ex-jogador de futebol no estado na tentativa de compreender essa realidade local, neste sentido, a trajetÃria profissional de quatro ex-jogadores que jogaram e ainda residem no estado do Cearà foi o principal aparato empÃrico desta pesquisa. / I consider the modern sport, soccer particularly, as a social phenomenon with the greatest potential to examine many characteristics of modern times. Through soccer is possible to see the transience of modern life, frailty and at the same time, the strength of ties human â I mean relationships and linkages labor loyalties to groups and institutions, the (re) construction of representations of the nation (national identity), new processes of discipline, among others. From this context, that research focused on the "protagonist of the show" - the football player, especially when he makes the transition to the post-career, as I call here: the "second half of life". What kind of strategies and instruments the football players did use and what they still do on this transition? Why is it so hard to quit playing soccer professionally? To answer these and other questions surrounding this social phenomenon, I analyze from Pierre Bourdieuâs theory by making use of the concepts of "field" and "capital". I want to think about the process of "conversion" and "reconversion" of the many accumulated capitals along the trajectories and along the repositioning of field that took place in the passage of the condition of the player to former player. I raise the hypothesis that the football playerâs career is formed as a "liminal condition" to explain the difficulties involved in this passage. I yet understand that the football playerâs career is marked by a series of ambiguities as the position of the football player in the civilizing process (Elias, 1993). The research field was the state of CearÃ. That research sought to answer the question of whether there is a labor market and a network of assistance to former football player in the state. The aim is understand the local reality, taking the trajectory of four former football players who played and still live in the state of Cearà as the main apparatus of this empirical research.

La tesi analizza in particolare un tema specifico relativo all’operazione di trasformazione transfrontaliera di società comunitarie ed extracomunitarie in società italiane. Il trasferimento della sede sociale di una società straniera in Italia con mutamento della forma giuridica implica il cambiamento della lex societatis applicabile alla società che, a seguito della trasformazione, è assoggettata all’ordinamento giuridico italiano. La questione più rilevante è quella relativa alla conformità alle condizioni richieste per il tipo sociale adottato, in particolare il rispetto del principio di effettività ed integrità del capitale sociale delle società di capitali. Per questa ragione gli artt. 2465 e 2343 c.c. richiedono a tal fine in sede di conferimenti di beni in natura da imputarsi a capitale sociale un’apposita documentazione volta a garantire ed attestare la copertura del capitale sociale. Parimenti ciò avviene nel caso di trasformazione interna in società di capitali ai sensi dell’art. 2500-ter c.c. La questione è quindi se e in quali casi possa essere richiesto il rispetto di predette norme in sede di trasformazione internazionale tra società di capitali e se ciò sia compatibile con i principi enunciati dalla giurisprudenza della Corte di Giustizia. / The thesis focuses on a specific issue related to the cross-border conversion of companies from EU and non-EU countries into companies subject to the Italian law. The transfer of the seat of a foreign company in Italy with a cross border conversion changes the lex societatis of that company which is, after the conversion, subjected to the Italian legal system. The most important issue related to is the compliance with the conditions required for the legal form adopted, in particular compliance with the principles of effectiveness and integrity of the share capital. For this reason the rules written by the artt. 2343 and 2465 of the Civil Code require a specific documentation in order to safeguard and certify the formation of the share capital. Likewise, this happens in the case of conversion in a limited liability company pursuant to art. 2500-ter c.c. The question is therefore that relating to whether and in which cases the compliance with these rules is required in the context of cross-border conversion between limited liability companies and if this measure is compatible with the principles set out in the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice.

This thesis challenges core assumptions associated with the peer production of culture using the web-based collaborative film production platform Wreckamovie to understand how peer production works in practice. Active cultural participation is a growing political priority for many governments and cultural bodies, but these priorities are often implemented without a basis in empirical evidence, making it necessary for rigorous scholarship to tackle emerging networked cultural production. Existing work portrays peer production efforts as unrealistically distinct from proprietary, market-based production, incorrectly suggesting that peer production allows distributed, non-monetarily motivated, collaboration between self-selected individuals in hierarchy-free communities. In overcoming these assumptions, this thesis contributes to the development of a consolidated theoretical framework encompassing the complicated and multifaceted nature of networked cultural production. This theoretical framing extends Bourdieu’s theory of cultural production and reconciles it with Becker’s Art Worlds framework, and further embeds and draws on Benkler’s notion of commons-based peer production. Concretely, this research tackles the emergence of new collaborative production models enabled by networked technologies, and theorizes the tensions and challenges characterizing such production forms. Secondly, this thesis redefines cultural participation and considers the divisions of labour in online filmmaking materializing from the interactions between professional and non-professional filmmakers. Finally, this study considers the social economies surrounding networked cultural production, including crowdfunding, and characterizes associated conversions of capital, such as the conversion of symbolic capital into financial capital. Methodologically, this thesis employs an embedded case study strategy. It examines four feature film productions facilitated by the online platform Wreckamovie, as well as the online community within which these productions are embedded. The four production cases have completed all production stages, and have resulted in completed cultural goods during the course of data collection. This study’s findings were derived from two and half years of participant observations, interviews with 29 Wreckamovie community and production members, and the examination of archived production-related discourses (2006-2013). Ultimately, this study makes concrete proposals towards a theory of networked cultural production with clear policy implications.