Introduction Individual’s attachment style and coping styles have been suggested to be related to each other whereby early attachment experiences shape the coping behaviours that individuals are most likely to engage in at times of stress. A systematic review was carried out to examine the available literature on attachment status and coping style in both adolescent and adult populations with the aim of establishing what is currently known about the association between these two concepts. A research study was carried out with the aim of investigating the relationship between adolescents’ attachment type, coping style and participation in health risk behaviours. The study also aimed to explore the relationship between attachment, coping and personality state dominance. Method A literature search was conducted following PRISMA (2009) and Cochrane (2008) guidelines. Papers were quality assessed and strengths and limitations considered. With regards the empirical project, a cross-sectional survey design was adopted to investigate the mediating role of coping style on adolescent risk taking and its relationship with attachment and state dominance (negativism and telic). Seventy-six first year psychology undergraduate students participated in the study. Participants completed the A-RQ attachment questionnaire, the ACS coping questionnaire, the TDS and NDS personality trait questionnaires, the YRBS behaviour questionnaire and the SDQ mental health screening tool. Results The systematic review yielded an initial 812 papers from use of the search terms. Eleven papers met criterion for inclusion in the review. The papers were quality assessed and strength and difficulties of the papers were reviewed. The findings highlight the need for further robust investigations into the subject area, and recommendations are made for future investigations. With regards the empirical project, analysis revealed that the relationship between attachment security and risk taking related to feelings of sadness and plans or attempts to carry out suicide. This was not mediated by use of higher levels of unproductive coping in adolescents. Analysis also revealed that high negativism dominance predicted increased participation in alcohol, tobacco and drug misuse. This relationship was not mediated by increased use of unproductive coping behaviours. Conclusions The need to establish a more consistent conceptualisation of coping was apparent. It was suggested that future research needs to address limitations in the field including the validity of some self-report measures of attachment, inconsistency in selection of measures, over-reliance on self-report measures and an absence of research out with westernised cultures. Adolescents’ attachment insecurity in key relationships would seem to be one vulnerability factor that contributes to the development of emotional difficulties and adolescents’ preference for being in a rebellious state (high negativism dominance) would seem to contribute to participation in risky substance misuse and so at the very least, these should be considered as predictors for engagement in specific types of health risk behaviour.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the roles of basic personality traits, schema coping responses, and toxic childhood experiences on antisocial, borderline, and psychopathic characteristics. Considering the gap in the literature regarding the community samples, the present study also included a non-criminal, besides the criminal sample, in order to observe the differences among the associated variables related to the characteristics of suggested personality disorders. In this way, it was aimed to obtain a general idea about the protective factors from offending. Consequently, the non-criminal sample consisted of 146 participants (78 females and 68 males) and the criminal sample included 131 participants (42 females and 89 males. Data was collected through a demographic form and a package of inventories. In general, the results yielded that a dysfunctional family environment, whether traumatic or non-traumatic seems to play a crucial role in the development of characteristics of personality disorders. Moreover, basic personality traits and coping responses are also observed to affect the behavioral presentation of these characteristics. The findings of the present study is generally in line with the literature suggesting that, dimensional approach to personality disorders, by revealing the sub-clinical features and providing a deeper focus to the underlying dynamics in each personality disorder, have several implications in both clinical and forensic area. The results, as well as their implications and limitations, are discussed with reference to the recent literature. Finally, suggestions for further research are mentioned.

This study aimed at revealing the role of the family functioning, coping styles, and basic personality characteristics on depression and anxiety symptoms of mothers. The participants were 155 mothers, having at least one child and living in Ankara. Beck Depression Inventory, Mc Master Family Assessment Device, Trait Anxiety Inventory, Basic Personality Traits Inventory, and The Ways of Coping Inventory were administered in addition to the demographic form. Firstly, it was expected that, there would be significant differences in depression and anxiety levels of the participants&rsquo / who have different income and education levels, different number of children, and different ages. Secondly, it was expected that, there would be significant differences in family functions, coping strategies, and personality traits of participants&rsquo / who have different income and education levels, different number of children, and different ages. Lastly, Associates of depression and anxiety were examined via regression analyses. According to the result of regression analyses, regarding the depression, low income level, high level of neuroticism, and low level of negative valence traits, problems of general functioning of family and using less problem focused coping strategy were found to be associated with the depression level of mothers. With regard to the anxiety symptoms, low income level, low level of extraversion, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness to experience, problems of general functioning of family, and using less problem focused and emotion focused coping strategies were found to be associated with anxiety levels of mothers. These findings were discussed with reference to the relevant literature. Future research topics were suggested and clinical implications of the study were stated.

The purpose of the current study was to examine the path of parental acceptancerejection/ control, personality traits, coping strategies and psychological distress consequently. For the purpose of this study, 444 adults (134 male, 308 female, and 2 unknown) between the ages of 17 and 35 (M = 21.60, SD = 2.77) participated in the current study. The data was collected by a questionnaire battery including a Demographic Variable Sheet, Mother and Father Forms of Parent Acceptance- Rejection/Control Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory, Trait Anxiety Inventory, The Ways of Coping Inventory, and Basic Personality Traits Inventory. The three sets of hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted to reveal the significant associates of psychological distress. As expected, the results of the current study revealed that parental rejection, different personality traits and different coping strategies had associated with psychological distress as depression and trait anxiety. Following findings and the relevant literature, the limitations, therapeutic implications of the current study, and the suggestion for future research were discussed.

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