The research aims to design an experimental testing mechanism and process for measuring the scattering strength and the pattern induced by an underwater target. The experimental data are to compare with existing theoretical results to insure the integrity of experimental design. The experiment is conducted in a water tank of dimension 4m x 3.5 m x 2m. The main work is to measure the sound field scattered by a copper sphere of diameter 60mm. There are two types of sources employed in this analysis: one is omni-directional, 70kHz CTG-0708 transducer, and the other is directive, 192 kHz iTP-192k transducer. Both transducers transmit sine waves with the pulse lengths roughly equal to 0.143 msec (equivalent to 10 waves) and 0.333 msec (equivalent to 64 waves), respectively. The scattering field theory is based on the formulation developed by Hickling (JASA, 34, 1962, pp.1582-1592). The experimental process has demonstrated that it is more difficult to measure the forward scattering field than the backward scattering field, due to the fact that the forward scattering field is likely to be mingled with the direct waves. To deal with this problem, the treatment developed by L. Ding¡]JASA, 101,1997, pp.3398-3404¡^has been invoked, in that the direct waves may be filtered by phase shift. This procedure requires the special concern on synchronism of sound source in order to avoid the variation of scattering signals. The comparison between experimental and theoretical results shows that the discrepancy in the forward scattering sector is within 3 to 4 dB, while in the backscattering sector, it is within 1 to 2 dB; however, generally speaking, the variation of the curves show a good agreement. These results indicate that the design of this experiment is basically practicable, and with further improvements, it could be applied to measure other underwater targets. As a whole, the thesis is composed by basic theory deduction, experimental instrumentation, mechanism design, and experiment data analysis. The emphases place on the design and observation of the scattering experiment, data analysis, and further improvement.

The aims of this research are to design an experimental testing mechanism and process for measuring the scattering strength and the pattern induced by an underwater target. The experimental data are to compare with existing theoretical results to insure the integrity of experimental design. The experiment is conducted in a water tank of dimension 1.8 m x 1.8 m x 1 m. The main work is to measure the sound field scattered by a copper sphere of diameter 60mm. There is one type of directive source employed in this analysis: 192 kHz iTP-192k transducer as the receiver and projector. The transducer transmits sine waves with the pulse duration roughly equal to 0.143 msec (equivalent to 64 waves). The scattering field theory is based on the formulation developed by Hickling (JASA, 1962, pp.1582-1592). In order to get more precise measurement results, this research designs a high strength and accurate mechanism with a ball-ring and aluminum workpieces. The mechanism can be used to measure target scattering signals circularly with same radius. The experimental process has demonstrated that it is more difficult to measure the forward scattering field than the backward scattering field, due to the fact that the forward scattering field is likely to be mingled with the direct waves. The comparison between experimental and theoretical results shows that the discrepancy in the backward scattering sector is within 3 to 4 dB; however, generally speaking, the variation of the curves show a good agreement. These results indicate that the design of this experiment is basically practicable, and with further improvements, it could be applied to measure other underwater targets. As a whole, the thesis is composed by basic theory deduction, experimental instrumentation, mechanism design, and experiment data analysis. The emphases place on the design and observation of the scattering experiment, data analysis, and further improvement.The aims of this research are to design an experimental testing mechanism and process for measuring the scattering strength and the pattern induced by an underwater target. The experimental data are to compare with existing theoretical results to insure the integrity of experimental design. The experiment is conducted in a water tank of dimension 1.8 m x 1.8 m x 1 m. The main work is to measure the sound field scattered by a copper sphere of diameter 60mm. There is one type of directive source employed in this analysis: 192 kHz iTP-192k transducer as the receiver and projector. The transducer transmits sine waves with the pulse duration roughly equal to 0.143 msec (equivalent to 64 waves). The scattering field theory is based on the formulation developed by Hickling (JASA, 1962, pp.1582-1592). In order to get more precise measurement results, this research designs a high strength and accurate mechanism with a ball-ring and aluminum workpieces. The mechanism can be used to measure target scattering signals circularly with same radius. The experimental process has demonstrated that it is more difficult to measure the forward scattering field than the backward scattering field, due to the fact that the forward scattering field is likely to be mingled with the direct waves. The comparison between experimental and theoretical results shows that the discrepancy in the backward scattering sector is within 3 to 4 dB; however, generally speaking, the variation of the curves show a good agreement. These results indicate that the design of this experiment is basically practicable, and with further improvements, it could be applied to measure other underwater targets. As a whole, the thesis is composed by basic theory deduction, experimental instrumentation, mechanism design, and experiment data analysis. The emphases place on the design and observation of the scattering experiment, data analysis, and further improvement.