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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Sparse Bayesian Time-Varying Covariance Estimation in Many Dimensions

Kastner, Gregor 18 September 2016 (has links) (PDF)
Dynamic covariance estimation for multivariate time series suffers from the curse of dimensionality. This renders parsimonious estimation methods essential for conducting reliable statistical inference. In this paper, the issue is addressed by modeling the underlying co-volatility dynamics of a time series vector through a lower dimensional collection of latent time-varying stochastic factors. Furthermore, we apply a Normal-Gamma prior to the elements of the factor loadings matrix. This hierarchical shrinkage prior effectively pulls the factor loadings of unimportant factors towards zero, thereby increasing parsimony even more. We apply the model to simulated data as well as daily log-returns of 300 S&P 500 stocks and demonstrate the effectiveness of the shrinkage prior to obtain sparse loadings matrices and more precise correlation estimates. Moreover, we investigate predictive performance and discuss different choices for the number of latent factors. Additionally to being a stand-alone tool, the algorithm is designed to act as a "plug and play" extension for other MCMC samplers; it is implemented in the R package factorstochvol. (author's abstract) / Series: Research Report Series / Department of Statistics and Mathematics
2

Evaluación de pavimentos rígidos mediante la determinación de correlaciones entre el módulo de rotura a la flexión y la resistencia a la compresión para el Centro Poblado San Cristóbal de Chupán – Huaraz

Robles Sáenz, Randolp Julián, Sánchez Medina, Juan Carlos January 2015 (has links)
La resistencia a flexión y la resistencia a la compresión representan parámetros fundamentales en el correcto desarrollo de los pavimentos rígidos, porque definen la calidad del concreto, principal componente de los pavimentos rígidos, después de cumplir satisfactoriamente su ciclo de fraguado y curado. En nuestro enfoque cuantitativo, el problema principal radica en intentar efectuar ensayos de rotura a la flexión en zonas alejadas, como en el centro poblado San Cristóbal de Chupán, reconociendo que sólo es posible realizarlo en pocos laboratorios a nivel nacional. Por esta razón se determinó, en base a ensayos realizados en laboratorio, un factor de correlación que vincula el Módulo de Rotura a la flexión y la Resistencia a la Compresión, siendo el resultado experimental el factor (k) expresado por la ecuación Mr = (k)*√f’c, que identifica rápidamente resultados del Módulo de Rotura a la flexión, aplicable a proyectos de condiciones similares, ante las altas exigencias del control de calidad en los proyectos de construcción. The flexural strength and the compressive strength are fundamental parameters in the correct development of rigid pavements, because they define the quality of concrete, principal component of rigid pavements, after performing successfully their setting and curing cycle. In our quantitative approach, the principal problem has roots in realizing flexural strength tests in remote rural areas such as San Cristobal de Chupán populated, recognizing could only do it in a few laboratories nationwide. Therefore written, it is determined a correlation factor, based on laboratory tests, what can relating Flexural strength and compressive strength. The experimental result express a factor (k), what is on the equation Mr = (k)*√f'c, which quickly identifies results of Flexural Strength, applicable to projects of similar conditions, to the demands of quality control in construction projects.
3

Rock Strength Testing of Drill Core Samples From Kiirunavaara Below Level 1365 / Berghållfasthetsprovning av borrkärnprover frånKiirunavaara under nivå 1365 i Kiruna, norra Sverige

Doulamis, Giorgios January 2022 (has links)
The geotechnical parameters of the different lithologies are of great importance regarding mining, infrastructures development and safety. The main aims of this thesis project are the evaluation of the previously acquired point load tests (PLT) data and the acquisition of a larger set for the various lithologies and alterations. In addition, the correlation to the Leeb Hardness test (LHT) method, and the determination of correlation factors (K) for estimating the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) index from PLT data for various lithologies were evaluated. In total, 5236 previously PL tested samples, 1113 newly PL tested samples and 569 LHT measurements were obtained. The results showed that the highest values come from the footwall lithologies (Sp) ranging between 11-19 MPa, while the hanging wall lithologies (Qp) fall in range 10-14 MPa and the different ore types between 6-11 MPa. The correlation between PLT and LHT was poor, with the results completely overlapping for all country rock lithologies in the range 800-900 LHD, while the ore types fall in the range 600-700, and anhydrite at 500 LHD. On the other hand, the correlation factors K for the lithologies tested vary between 13-20 for the weaker and more altered rock types and 25-30 for the stronger ones, correlating well when compared to the actual UCS values found in the literature. In conclusion, it is evident that the LHT is not able to substitute the PLT as it captures different properties of the rock. The conversion from PLT to UCS gave rather accurate results, with slightly different correlation factors K for the tested lithologies.
4

Construction of exchange and exchange-correlation functionals

Wang, Rodrigo 04 1900 (has links)
Le présent travail concerne l’avancement des approximations de l’énergie d’échange- corrélation (XC) de la théorie fonctionnelle de la densité (DFT) de Kohn-Sham (KS) basée sur l’approche du facteur de corrélation (CF). Le travail est organisé en trois parties où chaque partie est construite sur des modèles et méthodes précédents. La première partie du travail introduit une nouvelle condition physique à travers la déri- vation du développement en série du quatrième ordre du trou d’échange exact. La dérivation détaillée des formules requises est suivie d’une analyse approfondie qui montre que le terme de quatrième ordre peut ajouter des informations supplémentaires importantes qui sont par- ticulièrement pertinentes pour les molécules par rapport aux atomes. Sur la base de ces résultats, nous explorons les fonctionnelles d’échange qui dépendent du terme de quatrième ordre de l’expansion du trou d’échange. Nous constatons également que les développements d’ensembles de base gaussiens, fréquemment utilisés dans les codes de structure électronique, donnent des représentations insatisfaisantes du terme de quatrième ordre. La deuxième partie de ce travail porte sur la mise en œuvre de nouvelles versions du modèle CF initial [J. P. Precechtelova, H. Bahmann, M. Kaupp et M. Ernzerhof, J. Chem. Phys. 143, 144102 (2015)] dans lequel le trou XC est approximé. Étant donné que diverses contraintes satisfaites par le trou XC sont connues, des approximations peuvent être conçues pour éviter en grande partie des ajustements empiriques. Dans l’approche CF, le trou XC est écrit comme le produit d’un trou d’échange multiplié par un facteur de corrélation. Une contrainte importante satisfaite par le modèle CF est qu’il reproduit correctement l’éner- gie d’échange exacte dans la limite de haute densité. Ceci est réalisé en utilisant l’énergie d’échange exacte par particule comme variable d’entrée, c’est-à-dire que le modèle CF s’ap- puie sur l’échange exact. Des variations du modèle CF initial sont proposées qui assurent que la réponse exacte est obtenue dans la limite homogène. De plus, nous appliquons une correction à la profondeur du trou XC qui est conçue pour capturer une forte corrélation. Les fonctions d’échange-corrélation qui s’appuient sur un échange exact, comme les hybrides, échouent souvent pour les systèmes qui présentent une corrélation électronique importante. Malgré ce fait et malgré la réduction de l’empirisme à un seul paramètre dans CF, des énergies d’atomisation précises sont obtenues pour des composés de métaux de transition fortement corrélés. Le modèle CF montre des résultats significativement supérieurs aux fonctionnelles populaires comme Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE), PBE hybride et Tao-Perdew-Staroverov- Scuseria (TPSS). La troisième partie du travail s’appuie sur les modèles CF précédents développés dans notre groupe et aborde l’erreur d’auto-interaction à un électron et introduit un modèle de facteur de corrélation modifié où f C (r, u) est construit tel qu’il se réduit à un dans les régions à un électron d’un système à plusieurs électrons. Ce trou XC avec une correction d’auto- interaction est ensuite utilisé pour générer la fonctionnelle énergie XC correspondante. La nouvelle fonctionnelle est évaluée en l’implémentant dans un programme KS et en calculant diverses propriétés moléculaires. Nous constatons que, dans l’ensemble, une amélioration significative est obtenue par rapport aux versions précédentes du modèle de facteur de cor- rélation. / The present work is concerned with the advancement of approximations to the exchangecorrelation (XC) energy of Kohn-Sham (KS) density functional theory (DFT) based on the correlation factor (CF) approach. The work is organized in three parts where each part is build upon previous models and methods. The first part of the work introduces a new physical condition through the derivation of the fourth-order series expansion of the exact exchange hole. The detailed derivation of the required formulas is followed by a thorough analysis that shows that the fourth-order term can add important additional information that is particularly relevant for molecules compared to atoms. Drawing on these findings, we explore exchange functionals that depend on the fourth-order term of the expansion of the exchange hole. We also find that Gaussian basis set expansions, frequently used in electronic structure codes, result in unsatisfactory representations of the fourth-order term. The second part of this work addresses the implementation of new versions of the initial CF model [J. P. Precechtelova, H. Bahmann, M. Kaupp, and M. Ernzerhof, J. Chem. Phys. 143, 144102 (2015)] in which the XC hole is approximated. Since various constraints satisfied by the XC hole are known, approximations to it can be designed which largely avoid empirical adjustments. In the CF approach, the XC-hole is written as a product of an exchange hole times a correlation factor. An important constraint satisfied by the CF model is that it correctly reproduces the exact exchange energy in the high density limit. This is achieved by employing the exact exchange-energy per particle as an input variable, i.e., the CF model builds on exact exchange. Variations of the initial CF model are proposed which ensure that the exact answer is obtained in the homogeneous limit. Furthermore, we apply a correction to the depth of the XC-hole that is designed to capture strong correlation. Exchangecorrelation functionals that build on exact exchange, such as hybrids, often fail for systems that exhibit sizeable electron correlation. Despite this fact and despite the reduction of empiricism to a single parameter within CF, accurate atomization energies are obtained for strongly-correlated transition metal compounds. The CF model significantly improves upon widely used functionals such as Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE), PBE hybrid, and Tao-Perdew-Staroverov-Scuseria (TPSS) density functionals. The third part of the work builds on the previous CF models developed in our group and addresses the one-electron, self-interaction error and introduces a modified correlation factor model where fC(r, u) is constructed such that it reduces identically to one in oneelectron regions of a many-electron system. This self-interaction corrected XC-hole is then used to generate the corresponding XC-energy functional. The new functional is assessed by implementing it into a KS program and by calculating various molecular properties. We find that, overall, a significant improvement is obtained compared to previous versions of the correlation factor model.

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