Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1974. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 226-232).

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Waikato, 2009. / Title from PDF cover (viewed July 7, 2009) Includes bibliographical references (p. 214-244)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1967. / Typescript. Vita. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 204-216).

Thesis (M.S. in Management)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2006. / Thesis Advisor(s): Nayantara D. Hensel, Kathryn M. Kocher. "March 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p. 103-104). Also available online.

Stan N. Finkelstein. / "March 1980." / Bibliography: leaf 13.

The purpose of this study is to determine whether all costs over the life cycle of metallurgical research projects are included in the initial cost estimate, whether these costs are estimated accurately and whether they are managed throughout the project’s life cycle. The impetus for this study came from the observation that costs in metallurgical research projects are often not accurately estimated and are not managed over the entire life cycle of these projects. Cost estimation and cost management over the life cycle of a project were an integral part of the project and crucial to its success. The initial cost estimate can seal a project’s financial fate. Projects often overrun estimated costs because the costs are not estimated accurately enough and not well managed. The project leaders of metallurgical research projects are engineers and not always trained to estimate and manage costs effectively. Project management textbooks are of little assistance in this regard because they tend to focus on timeous delivery, and fail to include enough information on cost estimation and cost management. To facilitate an effective and objective analysis of the survey, an extensive literature review was conducted. Life cycle costing, methods of cost estimation and cost management techniques were examined in detail. An empirical study was conducted to determine whether these methods of cost estimation and cost management are being used over the entire life cycle of metallurgical research projects, and whether all costs are being included in the initial estimates of costs. It was deemed that results of the empirical study would provide useful information on the factors contributing to the success, failure or early termination of these projects. This study is a descriptive research study. The research methods used in the research design were structured and quantitative. A survey was used to gather information by way of face-to-face and telephonic interviews as well as an e-mail questionnaire. The population was small and consisted of the entities involved in metallurgical research projects in South Africa. There were only 12 entities in the population. The 10 largest entities in terms of project size were selected. A nonprobability sampling approach was used. The e-mail questionnaires were analysed manually by means of spread sheets to obtain graphical information. The processed data were used to draw conclusions. The answers to the questions were linked to the theoretical framework by means of interpretation. It was concluded that all costs over the life cycle of metallurgical research projects are not taken into account in the initial cost estimate of a project, and the cost estimates may therefore not be accurate. The final costs, including discontinuation costs, are often not included in the cost estimates. The costs are mainly managed during the growth phase of a project and not during the introduction phase when 80% of the costs are normally committed. This study emphasises the importance of including all costs during a project’s life cycle, and introduces engineers to modern cost management techniques. Copyright / Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Financial Management / unrestricted

The study was looking at achieving more cost-effective implementation of the Eastern Cape Thicket Rehabilitation Project. Project management has been identified as a key for a proper implementation of any kind of work. For project management to be effective, individual learning and development of project managers is of paramount importance. An improved communication process is vital, that clearly specifies objectives if any success will be achieved. A proper and structural way of addressing change is a need, so that no unnecessary delays are experienced. A need is there for processes to be streamlined to avoid duplications as they are unnecessary costs. Employees need to be given an opportunity to have their ideas looked at, a way of testing if they really have been empowered. The important thing is that their views must speak to the standards of the project. Reductions in costs are a must for more communities to benefit in the project. Continuous improvement is the way forward.

This thesis investigated the cost-effectiveness of a 12-month supervised aerobic walking program with or without a behavioural intervention and an educational pamphlet, compared to an unsupervised/self-directed educational pamphlet intervention, among individuals with moderate osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. Analyses included an economic evaluation to assess the cost effectiveness of the two walking interventions from both the societal and Canadian provincial/territorial health care payer perspectives. A value of information analysis exploring the potential value of future research was also performed. Results revealed that the unsupervised/self-directed intervention was the most cost-effective approach given that it cost the least to implement and participants had higher quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). Walking, either supervised in a community setting, or unsupervised in a setting such as the home, may be a favourable non-pharmacological option for the management of OA of the knee. The thesis concludes with a policy discussion relating to the funding of non-pharmacological therapies.

The focus of this study is on the application of cost-benefit analysis as a methodological technique for evaluating alternatives in the urban planning process. It is hypothesized that cost-benefit analysis, by identifying the effects and the incidence of various courses of action, provides a basis for objective evaluation of alternative plans. It is assumed that cost-benefit analysis, an economics tool, is a framework within which the various effects can be considered comprehensively. The method of study is primarily a critical review of the literature. Within the available time and resources, an attempt is made to apply the cost-benefit techniques to selected areas in the City of Vancouver. Because of the magnitude of the problem involved in the collection of considerable data, most of which is apparently unavailable in a readily applicable form, evidence for the verification of the hypothesis is largely drawn from the critical evaluation of the literature. The study first focusses on the general concept of cost-benefit analysis, as it appears to be traditionally applied, in a broad perspective of various methodological techniques of plan evaluation. A review of the cost-benefit techniques advanced by Nathaniel Lichfield, Jerome Rothenberg and James CT. Mao reveals the fact that there is a difference in their basic approach to urban development. Lichfield's "balance sheet" traces the effects of development in relation to the various sectors involved in the development process. Mao suggests that the repercussions be traced in relation to the basic objective of the project. Rothenberg is primarily concerned with the distribution of income among the relevant populations involved in the process of development. The authors point out the limitations of their techniques. There are many intangible and non-measurable items which are not treated by the authors. There is also the question of whether these tools are valid for evaluating urban plans. Though adequate data are not available to fully employ the above cost-benefit techniques, the limitations of the case studies, partly imposed by the theoretical formulation of these techniques lead to questions about the operational validity of these tools in evaluating the implications of these policies in the study areas. The study results reveal the practical problems encountered in obtaining comparable data, particularly on property value, social costs of slum living, and municipal expenditure and revenues for such small areas. A specific methodology needs to be developed for each to take these items into account. The problem of isolating certain effects and ascribing them to the redevelopment policy in the study areas is a critical one. Thus no valid conclusion with regard to the verification of the hypothesis can be drawn in the light of the case studies. It is concluded that the traditional concepts of "costs" and ""benefits" are not applicable in evaluating alternative urban plans and that cost-benefit analysis requires a broad interpretation as a framework within which the implications of a plan can be considered comprehensively and objectively in relation to the defined goals and objectives. The formulation of goals and objectives, it is evident, is an integral part of the analytical techniques. There are many intangible and non-measurable aspects which can not be treated adequately within the cost-benefit framework. However, one of the advantages of cost-benefit analysis is that the planners and the decision-makers may both become acquainted in greater detail with the trade-offs. Various other analytical methods lead to a more refined cost-benefit calculus for an objective evaluation of urban plans. It is important that the validity of methodological techniques should be judged not only by its operational aspects but also by its conceptual approach to achieve the goals of the urban planning process. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate

The Master's thesis is focused on classification of cost in te company Maxis, a. s. and post construction Cost-fiction in long and short period of time. It includes theoretic ground an suggestion of costruction Cost-fiction.