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Studies on the roles of 4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase and 4-coumarate 3-hydroxylase in lignin biosynthesis in rice / イネのリグニン生合成における4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase 及び 4-coumarate 3-hydroxylaseの役割Afifi, Osama Ahmed Gamaleldin Abdou Ahmed 23 March 2023 (has links)
京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第24670号 / 農博第2553号 / 新制||農||1099(附属図書館) / 学位論文||R5||N5451(農学部図書室) / 京都大学大学院農学研究科応用生命科学専攻 / (主査)教授 梅澤 俊明, 教授 矢﨑 一史, 教授 森 直樹 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DGAM
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Inhibition du mécanisme de quorum sensing et de la formation de biofilm chez Pseudomonas aerugionsa par des composés bioactifs de Dalbergia trichocarpa (Fabaceae) / Dalbergia trichocarpa, source of natural compounds which affect quorum sensing mechanism and biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosaRasamiravaka, Tsiry 13 June 2014 (has links)
Depuis quelques décennies, les bactéries pathogènes multi-résistantes aux antibiotiques sont de plus en plus répandues dans le monde. Cette situation a suscité le besoin et l'intérêt de trouver des médicaments antibactériens avec de nouvelles cibles potentiels. La découverte des systèmes de communication de type quorum sensing (QS) régulant la virulence bactérienne représente une des cibles privilégiées pour contrôler les bactéries pathogènes autrement qu’en interférant avec leur croissance bactérienne. Dans l’écosystème naturel, un grand nombre d'organismes (Eucaryotes et Procaryotes) co-existent en synthétisant chacun de leur côté des métabolites secondaires. Les plantes, étant en permanence en contact avec des bactéries, synthétisent des métabolites secondaires capables d’inhiber l’expression des gènes de virulence chez les bactéries sans pour autant affecter ni leur croissance ni leur viabilité. Notre objectif a été de contribuer à la valorisation de la biodiversité malgache en identifiant des plantes et en y isolant les composés actifs présentant une capacité à perturber le mécanisme de QS chez P. aeruginosa PAO1, une bactérie pathogène opportuniste de l’homme, des animaux et des plantes. Dans ce but, nous avons tout d’abord réalisé un criblage d’activité anti-QS de différents flavonoïdes commerciaux. De ce criblage, la narigenine et la naringine ont été sélectionnées pour être les molécules de contrôle positif et négatif des tests d’activité anti-QS, respectivement. Par la suite, 4 espèces de Dalbergia endémique de Madagascar ont fait l’objet de criblage pour leur activité anti-QS. Ce travail a fait ressortir l’activité anti-QS très intéressante de l’écorce de D. trichocarpa à partir de laquelle nous avons isolée le composé actif nommé la coumarate de l’aldéhyde-oléanolique (OALC). Le contrôle naringénine et l’OALC ne présente aucun effets inhibiteurs sur la croissance bactérienne de P. aeruginosa PAO1 et sur l’expression du gène QS-indépendant aceA suggérant une activité d’inhibition spécifiquement liée au QS. Cependant, ces deux molécules présentent des spectres d’inhibition différente. En effet, les deux molécules diffèrent dans le sens que la naringenine n’inhibe pas l’expression du gène gacA et la motilité de type twitching contrairement à l’OALC. Ces résultats suggèrent que l’OALC et la naringénine représente des candidats potentiels pour des investigations in vivo quant à leur effet anti-QS et anti-biofilm sur des modèles infectieux d’organismes supérieurs. Par ailleurs, ils démontrent la richesse des plantes malgaches comme sources de nouvelles molécules anti-virulence ainsi que l’importance de telle investigation afin de renforcer notre arsenal thérapeutique en composé antibactérienne dans la lutte continuelle contre les bactéries pathogènes/Since few decades, multidrug resistant bacteria spread all over the world. This situation gives rise to the need and interest in finding antibacterial drugs with novel potent target. Discovery of communication system termed Quorum Sensing (QS) which regulate bacterial virulence factor represent privileged target in another way than interfering with bacterial growth. In natural ecosystem, many organisms (Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes) produce secondary metabolites. As plants are permanently in contact with bacteria, they have synthetized secondary metabolites which inhibit bacterial virulence gene expression without affecting bacterial viability. Our goal was to contribute to the valorization of Malagasy biodiversity and specifically to identify plants and isolate bioactive compound presenting ability to disrupt QS mechanism in P. aeruginosa, opportunistic pathogen bacteria in plants, animals and human. In this purpose, screening of commercial available flavonoids has been firstly carried out. From this screening, naringenin and naringin have been selected to be used as positive and negative QS inhibitor controls, respectively. Subsequently, Four Malagasy endemic Dalbergia species have been screened for their anti-QS activity. This work pointed out the interesting anti-QS activity of D. trichocarpa bark extract which led to the isolation of oleanolic aldehyde coumarate (OALC) as one major bioactive compound. At the concentration tested, naringenin and OALC did not affect P. aeruginosa PAO1 viability and didn’t reduce QS-independent aceA gene expression suggesting a specific anti-QS activity. However, these two compounds present different inhibition spectrum. Indeed, naringenin didn’t inhibit gacA gene expression and twitching motility contrarily to OALC. These results suggest that OALC and naringenin represent potent candidates for in vivo investigations in their anti-QS and anti-biofilm activity onto eukaryotes infectious model. Besides, this finding demonstrated the potent source for novel anti-virulence compounds of Malagasy flora and the importance of this kind of research to strengthen our antimicrobial therapeutic arsenal with the ongoing struggle against bacterial infection. / Doctorat en Sciences / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Síntese de ésteres fenilpropanóicos de álcoois monoterpênicosBorges, Flávio Valadares Pereira 30 May 2014 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2014-05-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The phenylpropanoid esters of monoterpene alcohols are usually found in low concentrations in natural environments, which usually prevents some studies of toxicity and tolerance. Isolation from natural sources generally do not provide adequate quantities, mainly due to their occurrence at low concentrations. Substances such as: Bornyl Benzoate, Bornyl Salicylate, Bornyl p-coumarate, Bornyl Ferulate, Bornyl 3,4-methylenedioxy-trans-Cinnamate and trans-caffeate of α-Terpineol have presented several interesting pharmacological activities. This work aims to present alternatives for the preparation of these esters pathways such reactions Dartzen for preparation of acyl chlorides, esterification reactions of the type Shotten-Baumann reaction and the use of Wittig-Horner in getting the benzene esters of cinnamic some monoterpene alcohols such as (-)-borneol and α-terpineol. The identification of synthesized compounds was performed by analysis of 1H and 13C NMR and the data were compared with those in the literature for unambiguous assignment. The Shotten-Baumann reactions used to obtain the esters derived from (-)-borneol showed appropriate, to give yields between 84 and 40%. For the preparation of trans-caffeate of α-terpineol a Wittig-Horner reaction, with a yield of 20%, requiring further studies. / Os ésteres fenilpropanóides de álcoois monoterpênicos normalmente são encontrados em baixas concentrações nos meios naturais, o que normalmente inviabiliza alguns estudos de toxicidade e tolerância. O isolamento a partir de fontes naturais geralmente não provê quantidades adequadas, principalmente devido sua ocorrência em baixas concentrações. Substâncias como: Benzoato de Bornila, Salicilato de Bornila, p-Cumarato de Bornila, Ferulato de Bornila, 3,4-metilenodioxi-trans-Cinamato de Bornila e o trans-Cafeato de α-Terpineol têm apresentado diversas atividades farmacológicas interessantes. Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar vias alternativas para a preparação destes ésteres, como reações de Dartzen para preparação de cloretos de acila, reações de esterificação do tipo Shotten-Baumann e o uso da reação de Wittig-Horner, na obtenção de ésteres benzênicos, cinâmicos de alguns álcoois monoterpênicos como o (-)-borneol e o α-terpineol. A identificação dos compostos sintetizados foi realizada através de análises de RMN 1H e 13C e os dados foram comparados com os da literatura para atribuição inequívoca. As reações de Shotten-Baumann empregadas na obtenção dos ésteres derivados do (-)-Borneol demonstraram adequadas, obtendo-se rendimentos entre 84 a 40%. Para a preparação do trans-Cafeato de α-Terpineol foi utilizada a reação de Wittig-Horner, com rendimento de 20%, necessitando de mais estudos.
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