The hypothesis of this research was that Personal and Professional Leadership Individual Facilitation (PPLIF) could help people with problems or who are in difficult situations to deal with the problems they are experiencing. The main aim and objective of this research was to describe the nature and importance of PPLIF and suggest the possible contribution, it could make as a new concept in the Personal and Professional Leadership (PPL) field. The qualitative research methodology used in the research includes general, hermeneutic and descriptive strategies. The research methods used include a word and concept analysis, a literature study, and problem defining and critical analysis in order to clarify concepts central to the research. Case studies were also made to clarify the application of PPLIF to the problems experienced by participants from diverse backgrounds. PPLIF can be defined as a holistic leadership guide that helps an individual to grow in order to achieve his full potential. PPLIF is a facilitative approach. It presents a radical new method for addressing an individual's problems by obtaining information, developing new perspectives and therefore resolving problems that are deep-rooted in a person. PPLIF aims at a positive outcome and works with the here and now to change the future for the better. PPLIF is a structured conversation that is more facilitative than prescriptive and involves the support and encouragement of the client. PPLIF does not “solve” but tries to help to review options or choices. It uses informal facilitation to keep the client focused on the objectives of the session to clarify misunderstandings and support the person to solve problems themselves by achieving their goals. PPLIF consist of four stages: connecting, understanding, deciding and executing. These stages are designed and developed to increase personal, xiii interpersonal and professional growth strategies, which could lead to progressively higher forms of responsible independence and effective decision making. PPLIF aims to align the client with his/her goals. The PPLIF practitioner systematically develops the skills and leadership abilities of the client and helps the client realise where he wants to go. A PPLIF practitioner surveys the problem or situation by asking questions. The PPLIF practitioner tries to equip clients with the tools, knowledge and opportunities they need to develop themselves and to become successful. PPLIF’s clients are encouraged to take responsibility for their own learning outcomes. PPLIF focuses on personal development and mastery, and could guide and support a client in situations where, for example, they have to cope with change, set goals, develop action plans, progress in careers, enhance self-esteem and restore a holistic life balance. PPLIF could thus enable people to gain greater control over their lives, which in turn will create a sense of meaning. The research concludes by indicating that PPLIF can make a valuable contribution to supporting people with problems in their lives. / Prof. DPJ Smith

A considerable amount of literature has been written on Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs), yet the research to date has not proven the effectiveness of such programs. Due to the confidential nature of EAPs, research data are difficult to find. Many elements make up an EAP. The hypothesis tested during this research is that companies incorporating what are considered by many to be the essential elements of EAPs will have more positive opinions of those elements and will save more money when compared to companies that do not have an EAP. The data were collected over a four-week period from 52 Central Florida businesses. The collection device was a survey which inquired about current EAP practices and general attitudes toward EAPs. The results showed that those companies that have EAPs have more positive opinions on all but one of the attitudinal elements in the survey when compared to companies that do not have EAPs. The results suggest that companies that implement EAPs place more emphasis on practices that will benefit both the employee and themselves.