The smuggling action is a kind of illegally criminal behavior, that¡¦s inference not only can make our society in trouble and let the economic development slowdown, even make a great effect upon the country¡¦s policies, but also due to our national badly side reactions in the international society. It¡¦s also making the region of international regime in trouble. Base above reason, all of countries in the world have same the goal that enforcement tracking and crackdown the illegally smuggling actions. Unfortunately the illegally smuggling actions from time to time occur frequently in some special area of the across strait between Taiwan and Mainland China. Actually in above area the illegally smuggling actions are as famous as ¡§The Golden Triangle¡¨ in the world. Our customs anti-smuggling parties, they do their best in order to crackdown the illegally smuggling actions near the several years, but the result is not so good. Most the people want to know ¡§Why do the people want to smuggle¡¨? The answers are following reasons. ¡§The first reason is easily to get rich and the second reason is easily to pass the special path¡¨. It is the reason why, the most of people would rather venture than continue for waiting chance. I got the other reason, that because the most of smuggling people are very understand all the situation of the environment which area of the across strait. The smuggling people also understand ¡§Both of government of across strait are had quite different political situation, and both of government are lack a nice communication regime and path¡¨. Cause of the same reason, much more global illegally criminal organizations rather like to do some illegally smuggling actions in above area, especially in near several years. According to the Customs Law¡¦s regulations: Customs are the main organization on crackdown smuggling. So that they have to do it¡¦s well. Our customs really hard to work in order to get much more crackdown smuggling cases, and they also have got a lot of smuggling goods (which cargo never finish duties) in the past several years too. But actually the illegally smuggling actions still active in same area and continue to harm our country and our social security right now. All the data of this research report are including following two different situations. The first are according to across strait customs anti-smuggling actions they confiscated from smuggling people in past several years. And the second are collected from some smuggling people are able to choose the way of accomplish goal in near some years. But I am sure that all of them are real things. Especially we can get some knowledge base from different regime and different method of crackdown smuggling process in Mainland China customs. We hope that our customs can learn from above ¡§knowledge base¡¨ and to use for our anti-smuggling actions in the near future. I think it could be nice to our customs business of smuggling crackdown.

In this thesis, I consider the trend of increasing backlash against civil society around the world. I focus on Ecuador and Peru, both democratic countries that have placed restrictions on NGOs receiving foreign funding. I examine both countries in terms of changes over time in the regulatory environment for NGOs. I ask: What factors motivated these changes? I analyze the countries with respect to three possible explanations: defending sovereignty against foreign powers, stifling internal dissent, and seeking rents. In answering this question, I draw upon the laws in question, press releases, and news reports as well as interviews with NGO personnel and government regulators, among other sources. I conclude that while there is evidence for the stifling dissent explanation in both countries, there is no evidence for the defending sovereignty explanation in Peru and only circumstantial evidence for it in Ecuador. In Ecuador, there is contradictory evidence for the rent-seeking explanation while there is clearer evidence for it in Peru.