1 |
Perceptions of gang violence in an Elsies River primary school in the Western Cape.Mingo, Christopher Dominic January 1999 (has links)
No abstract available.
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Perceptions of gang violence in an Elsies River primary school in the Western Cape.Mingo, Christopher Dominic January 1999 (has links)
No abstract available.
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Adoloscent homicide victimisation in Johannesburg, South Africa : epidemiological profile, situational context and neighbourhood structureSwart, Lu-Anne 02 1900 (has links)
Although interpersonal violence is the leading cause of nonnatural death among adolescents in South Africa, research is limited. This thesis examined homicides among adolescents (15-19 years) in the city of Johannesburg, South Africa, during the period 2001 to 2009. It aimed to describe the incidence and epidemiology; depict the situational contexts based on victim, offender and event characteristics, and to develop a situational typology of adolescent homicides; and to identify the structural factors associated with neighbourhood levels of adolescent homicide within the city. Four separate studies were conducted using data from the National Injury Mortality Surveillance System (NIMSS), police case records, and Census 2001. The results revealed an average annual homicide rate of 23.4/100 000, with firearm homicides decreasing considerably over the study period, while homicides due to sharp instruments and blunt force increased. The epidemiological results highlighted the vulnerability of male, and black and coloured adolescents. The typological analysis identified three categories of adolescent homicide, namely: 1) male victims killed by strangers during a crime-related event; 2) male victims killed by a friend/acquaintance during an argument; and 3) female victims killed by male offenders, and indicates the need for multiple and focused prevention strategies. Alcohol use was also prevalent, with 39% of the victims tested having positive blood alcohol concentrations (BAC). The characteristics found to be associated with alcohol-related homicides, specifically, male victims killed with sharp instruments in public places, over the weekends and during the evenings, and by a friend/acquaintance draw attention to both the harmful pattern of intoxication-oriented drinking and the risky situational contexts in which adolescents consume alcohol. Finally, the results also showed that the incidence of male and female adolescent homicides was greater in neighbourhoods characterised by poverty and deprivation, while female adolescent homicides were also higher in neighbourhoods marked by high concentrations of households where children were not living with their parents. Overall the results point to the urgent need for a comprehensive prevention strategy that targets adolescents, their families and communities, and also addresses weapon availability, alcohol use, and issues of masculinity and gender to reduce homicides among adolescents. / D. Litt et Phil. (Psychology)
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Adoloscent homicide victimisation in Johannesburg, South Africa : epidemiological profile, situational context and neighbourhood structureSwart, Lu-Anne 02 1900 (has links)
Although interpersonal violence is the leading cause of nonnatural death among adolescents in South Africa, research is limited. This thesis examined homicides among adolescents (15-19 years) in the city of Johannesburg, South Africa, during the period 2001 to 2009. It aimed to describe the incidence and epidemiology; depict the situational contexts based on victim, offender and event characteristics, and to develop a situational typology of adolescent homicides; and to identify the structural factors associated with neighbourhood levels of adolescent homicide within the city. Four separate studies were conducted using data from the National Injury Mortality Surveillance System (NIMSS), police case records, and Census 2001. The results revealed an average annual homicide rate of 23.4/100 000, with firearm homicides decreasing considerably over the study period, while homicides due to sharp instruments and blunt force increased. The epidemiological results highlighted the vulnerability of male, and black and coloured adolescents. The typological analysis identified three categories of adolescent homicide, namely: 1) male victims killed by strangers during a crime-related event; 2) male victims killed by a friend/acquaintance during an argument; and 3) female victims killed by male offenders, and indicates the need for multiple and focused prevention strategies. Alcohol use was also prevalent, with 39% of the victims tested having positive blood alcohol concentrations (BAC). The characteristics found to be associated with alcohol-related homicides, specifically, male victims killed with sharp instruments in public places, over the weekends and during the evenings, and by a friend/acquaintance draw attention to both the harmful pattern of intoxication-oriented drinking and the risky situational contexts in which adolescents consume alcohol. Finally, the results also showed that the incidence of male and female adolescent homicides was greater in neighbourhoods characterised by poverty and deprivation, while female adolescent homicides were also higher in neighbourhoods marked by high concentrations of households where children were not living with their parents. Overall the results point to the urgent need for a comprehensive prevention strategy that targets adolescents, their families and communities, and also addresses weapon availability, alcohol use, and issues of masculinity and gender to reduce homicides among adolescents. / D. Litt et Phil. (Psychology)
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The effect of the experience of incarceration on prison inmatesDe Wet, Karen Jeanne 30 November 2005 (has links)
This research was undertaken to establish the effect incarceration of individuals in the total institution called prison has on the incarcerated individuals. A literature study along with an empirical study, with 17 ex-inmates, was completed to explore the environment and circumstances of the institution called prison and the effect it has on the prisoners it incarcerates. Issues discussed include the prison environment, the prisonisation process, the inmate code and the process of incarceration. Also discussed are the presence, activities and influence of the gangs within the prison environment. It would appear that prison has a lasting effect on most prisoners and limited rehabilitative value, although there does appear to be some deterrence value. The subject begs further investigation, especially among a wider mix of inmate type, in order to deliver further recommendations to the South African Department of Correctional Services. / Social work / M.A.(Social Science)
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Criminological assessment of prison inmates: a constructive mechanism towards offender rehabilitationHesselink-Louw, Ann-Mari Elizabeth 30 November 2004 (has links)
This study examines offender assessment from a criminological perspective. International and national research findings, as well as the Canadian (Level of Service Inventory - Revised, LSRI-R) and the British (Offender Assessment System, OASys) offender assessment structures, are used as guidelines to illustrate the practice of offender assessment. Offender needs and risk assessment targets are examined and highlighted for general (non-specific) as well as sex and other violent offenders.
A qualitative research design, supported by explanatory, descriptive and exploratory goals, directs the methodology of this research project. Important assessment tools, such as interviewing, observation, document analysis and the application of theoretical explanations are used to assess and analyse four selected case studies (adult male offenders). These case studies are representative of the different dimensions of offender assessment, namely classification, intervention, risk management and pre-parole assessment. The offenders are individually assessed, analysed and evaluated to determine among other factors, the origin, onset, contributory factors, triggers, high-risk situations, and intervention indicators that can assist custodial therapists and the prison authorities with a more focused approach to the rehabilitation and management of offenders. Each case study is also supported by a theoretical explanation. This highlights the key role, function and contribution of criminologists in corrections, as well as the importance of a multi-fold perspective in the rehabilitation and correction of criminal behaviour. / Criminology / Thesis (D. Litt. et Phil. (Criminology))
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Kriminologiese ontleding van manlike observasiegevalle / A criminological analysis of male observation casesLadikos, Anastasios, 1948- 06 1900 (has links)
Afrikaans text / The purpose of this study was to retrospectively analyze a group
of observation cases referred to a psychiatric institution through the criminal justice system by
means of certain measuring instruments in order to determine on which grounds some of the cases
were classified as criminals and others as state patients.
The sample for the purposes of this investigation consisted of one hundred and forty-two cases
referred to the Weskoppies hospital for psychiatric observation during 1988 to 1994. The measuring
instruments were the South African Wechsler intelligence scale, the Rorschach projective
technique and an information schedule which was used for the purpose of gathering biographical
information and personal details of each particular case. The data collected through these
instruments was statistically analyzed utilising frequencies and crosstabulations,
chi-square tests, t-tests, correspondence
analyses, factor analyses and regression analyses.
The findings of this investigation revealed that crimes concerning personal relations and property
crimes were more committed by criminals than state patients while crimes concerning communal life
were encountered more amongst state patients than criminals.
Non-person-directed crimes of violence were encountered proportionally more amongst state patients
who had a history of substance abuse than in criminals with a similar history. State patients who
had a history of substance abuse were proportionally more prosecuted on account of
person-directed-crimes of violence than criminals with a similar history.
The predictive measuring instrument developed by means of
regression analysis indicated as important predictors three
subtests of the South African Wechsler intelligence scale namely general information, digit-symbol
substitution and picture arrangement as well as the variable "previous psychiatric treatment".
The following recommendations were also made:
The current endeavour to adapt the South African Wechsler intelligence scale for all population
groups needs to be maintained and this adaptation should also be pursued in each country where the
scale is used or was used in the past.
It is advisable to draw up certain profiles of specific offenders by means of the Rorschach
projective technique while the testing procedure should preferably be undertaken by the same
researcher.
Provision should be made that the accused be declared as state patients only on account of serious
and violent crimes while the courts should have the right in appropriate cases to charge the
accused with detention in accordance with chapter three of the
Mental Health Act.
The testimony of criminologists and psychologists should be added to the testimony of psychiatrists
especially in cases of accountability or diminished accountability.
The proposed predictive model may be further refined and adapted through the use of a larger,
nation-wide sample resulting in the inclusion of a greater number of observation cases and
variables.
Due to the accelerating rate of revision associated with The DSM IV manual and the fact that its
validity is questioned, ethically responsible psychiatrists, psychologists and criminologists are
obligated to identify practices and procedures which threaten to misinform the legal system. / Die doel van hierdie studie was om aan die hand van bepaalde meetinstrumente retrospektief 'n groep
observasiegevalle wat deur die regstelsel na 'n psigiatriese inrigting verwys is, te ontleed, sodat
daar vasgestel kon word op watter gronde sekere van die gevalle as misdadigers en ander as
staatspasiente geklassifiseer is.
Die steekproef vir die doeleindes van hierdie ondersoek het bestaan uit honderd twee-en-veertig
gevalle wat vanaf 1988 tot
1994 na Weskoppieshospitaal vir psigiatriese waarneming verwys is. Die meetinstrumente wat gebruik
is, was die Suid-Afrikaanse Wechsler-intelligensieskaal, die Rorschach-projeksietegniek en
'n inligtingskedule wat biografiese inligting en persoonlike
besonderhede van elke besondere geval ingewin het. Die gegewens wat uit hierdie meetinstrumente
versamel is, is statisties
verwerk met behulp van frekwensies en kruistabellerings, chi
kwadraattoetse, t-toetse, korrespondensie-analises, faktoranalises en regressie-ontledings.
Die bevindinge van die ondersoek het aan die lig gebring dat persoonverhoudings- en
eiendomsmisdrywe meer deur misdadigers as staatspasiente gepleeg word, terwyl gemeenskapslewe
misdrywe meer by staatspasiente as misdadigers voorgekom het.
Nie-persoonsgerigte geweldsmisdrywe het verhoudingsgewys meer onder staatspasiente met 'n
geskiedenis van substansmisbruik as by misdadigers met 'n soortgelyke geskiedenis voorgekom.
Staatspasiente met 'n geskiedenis van substansmisbruik is ook verhoudingsgewys meer as misdadigers
met 'n soortgelyke geskiedenis weens persoonsgerigte geweldsmisdrywe aangekla.
Die voorspellingsmeetinstrument wat met behulp van die regressie
ontledings ontwikkel is, het drie subtoetse van die Suid Afrikaanse Wechsler-intelligensieskaal
naamlik algemene inligting, syfersimboolvervanging en prentrangskikking asook
die veranderlike "vorige psigiatriese behandeling" as die
belangrikste voorspellers uitgewys.
Die volgende aanbevelings word ook hiermee gemaak:
Daar moet volgehou word met die huidige poging om die Suid Afrikaanse Wechsler-intelligensieskaal
vir alle bevolkingsgroepe in Suid-Afrika aan te pas asook met die aanpassing van die meetskaal vir
elke land wat dit tans gebruik of in die verlede gebruik het.
Dit is raadsaam om met behulp van die Rorschach projektiewe tegniek bepaalde profiele ten opsigte
van spesifieke oortreders op te stel terwyl die toetsingsproses verkieslik deur dieselfde
ondersoeker waargeneem word.
Daar moet seker gemaak word dat beskuldigdes slegs in die geval van ernstige en gewelddadige
misdade tot staatspasiente verklaar word, terwyl die howe die bevoegdheid kry om in geskikte
gevalle te beveel dat beskuldigdes ingevolge Hoofstuk 3 van die Wet op Geestesgesondheid aangehou
moet word.
Die getuienis van kriminoloe en sielkundiges behoort bygevoeg te word by die van psigiaters en wel
in gevalle waar toerekeningsvatbaarheid of verminderde toerekeningsvatbaarheid ter sprake is.
Die voorgestelde voorspellingsmodel kan verder verfyn en aangepas word deurdat 'n groter, landwye
steekproef van alle observasiegevalle getrek word wat uiteraard 'n groter aantal veranderlikes
sal insluit.
Weens die versnellingstempo van hersiening met betrekking tot die
DSM-IV handleiding en die feit dat sy betroubaarheid bevraagteken word, word aanbeveel dat eties
verantwoordelike gedrag aan die kant van psigiaters, sielkundiges en kriminoloe gevolg word sodat
praktyke en prosedures wat die regstelsel kan benadeel, geidentifiseer kan word. / Criminology and Security Studies / D.Litt. et Phil. (Kriminologie)
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8 |
Criminological assessment of prison inmates: a constructive mechanism towards offender rehabilitationHesselink-Louw, Ann-Mari Elizabeth 30 November 2004 (has links)
This study examines offender assessment from a criminological perspective. International and national research findings, as well as the Canadian (Level of Service Inventory - Revised, LSRI-R) and the British (Offender Assessment System, OASys) offender assessment structures, are used as guidelines to illustrate the practice of offender assessment. Offender needs and risk assessment targets are examined and highlighted for general (non-specific) as well as sex and other violent offenders.
A qualitative research design, supported by explanatory, descriptive and exploratory goals, directs the methodology of this research project. Important assessment tools, such as interviewing, observation, document analysis and the application of theoretical explanations are used to assess and analyse four selected case studies (adult male offenders). These case studies are representative of the different dimensions of offender assessment, namely classification, intervention, risk management and pre-parole assessment. The offenders are individually assessed, analysed and evaluated to determine among other factors, the origin, onset, contributory factors, triggers, high-risk situations, and intervention indicators that can assist custodial therapists and the prison authorities with a more focused approach to the rehabilitation and management of offenders. Each case study is also supported by a theoretical explanation. This highlights the key role, function and contribution of criminologists in corrections, as well as the importance of a multi-fold perspective in the rehabilitation and correction of criminal behaviour. / Criminology and Security Science / Thesis (D. Litt. et Phil. (Criminology))
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9 |
The effect of the experience of incarceration on prison inmatesDe Wet, Karen Jeanne 30 November 2005 (has links)
This research was undertaken to establish the effect incarceration of individuals in the total institution called prison has on the incarcerated individuals. A literature study along with an empirical study, with 17 ex-inmates, was completed to explore the environment and circumstances of the institution called prison and the effect it has on the prisoners it incarcerates. Issues discussed include the prison environment, the prisonisation process, the inmate code and the process of incarceration. Also discussed are the presence, activities and influence of the gangs within the prison environment. It would appear that prison has a lasting effect on most prisoners and limited rehabilitative value, although there does appear to be some deterrence value. The subject begs further investigation, especially among a wider mix of inmate type, in order to deliver further recommendations to the South African Department of Correctional Services. / Social work / M.A.(Social Science)
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10 |
Kriminologiese ontleding van manlike observasiegevalle / A criminological analysis of male observation casesLadikos, Anastasios, 1948- 06 1900 (has links)
Afrikaans text / The purpose of this study was to retrospectively analyze a group
of observation cases referred to a psychiatric institution through the criminal justice system by
means of certain measuring instruments in order to determine on which grounds some of the cases
were classified as criminals and others as state patients.
The sample for the purposes of this investigation consisted of one hundred and forty-two cases
referred to the Weskoppies hospital for psychiatric observation during 1988 to 1994. The measuring
instruments were the South African Wechsler intelligence scale, the Rorschach projective
technique and an information schedule which was used for the purpose of gathering biographical
information and personal details of each particular case. The data collected through these
instruments was statistically analyzed utilising frequencies and crosstabulations,
chi-square tests, t-tests, correspondence
analyses, factor analyses and regression analyses.
The findings of this investigation revealed that crimes concerning personal relations and property
crimes were more committed by criminals than state patients while crimes concerning communal life
were encountered more amongst state patients than criminals.
Non-person-directed crimes of violence were encountered proportionally more amongst state patients
who had a history of substance abuse than in criminals with a similar history. State patients who
had a history of substance abuse were proportionally more prosecuted on account of
person-directed-crimes of violence than criminals with a similar history.
The predictive measuring instrument developed by means of
regression analysis indicated as important predictors three
subtests of the South African Wechsler intelligence scale namely general information, digit-symbol
substitution and picture arrangement as well as the variable "previous psychiatric treatment".
The following recommendations were also made:
The current endeavour to adapt the South African Wechsler intelligence scale for all population
groups needs to be maintained and this adaptation should also be pursued in each country where the
scale is used or was used in the past.
It is advisable to draw up certain profiles of specific offenders by means of the Rorschach
projective technique while the testing procedure should preferably be undertaken by the same
researcher.
Provision should be made that the accused be declared as state patients only on account of serious
and violent crimes while the courts should have the right in appropriate cases to charge the
accused with detention in accordance with chapter three of the
Mental Health Act.
The testimony of criminologists and psychologists should be added to the testimony of psychiatrists
especially in cases of accountability or diminished accountability.
The proposed predictive model may be further refined and adapted through the use of a larger,
nation-wide sample resulting in the inclusion of a greater number of observation cases and
variables.
Due to the accelerating rate of revision associated with The DSM IV manual and the fact that its
validity is questioned, ethically responsible psychiatrists, psychologists and criminologists are
obligated to identify practices and procedures which threaten to misinform the legal system. / Die doel van hierdie studie was om aan die hand van bepaalde meetinstrumente retrospektief 'n groep
observasiegevalle wat deur die regstelsel na 'n psigiatriese inrigting verwys is, te ontleed, sodat
daar vasgestel kon word op watter gronde sekere van die gevalle as misdadigers en ander as
staatspasiente geklassifiseer is.
Die steekproef vir die doeleindes van hierdie ondersoek het bestaan uit honderd twee-en-veertig
gevalle wat vanaf 1988 tot
1994 na Weskoppieshospitaal vir psigiatriese waarneming verwys is. Die meetinstrumente wat gebruik
is, was die Suid-Afrikaanse Wechsler-intelligensieskaal, die Rorschach-projeksietegniek en
'n inligtingskedule wat biografiese inligting en persoonlike
besonderhede van elke besondere geval ingewin het. Die gegewens wat uit hierdie meetinstrumente
versamel is, is statisties
verwerk met behulp van frekwensies en kruistabellerings, chi
kwadraattoetse, t-toetse, korrespondensie-analises, faktoranalises en regressie-ontledings.
Die bevindinge van die ondersoek het aan die lig gebring dat persoonverhoudings- en
eiendomsmisdrywe meer deur misdadigers as staatspasiente gepleeg word, terwyl gemeenskapslewe
misdrywe meer by staatspasiente as misdadigers voorgekom het.
Nie-persoonsgerigte geweldsmisdrywe het verhoudingsgewys meer onder staatspasiente met 'n
geskiedenis van substansmisbruik as by misdadigers met 'n soortgelyke geskiedenis voorgekom.
Staatspasiente met 'n geskiedenis van substansmisbruik is ook verhoudingsgewys meer as misdadigers
met 'n soortgelyke geskiedenis weens persoonsgerigte geweldsmisdrywe aangekla.
Die voorspellingsmeetinstrument wat met behulp van die regressie
ontledings ontwikkel is, het drie subtoetse van die Suid Afrikaanse Wechsler-intelligensieskaal
naamlik algemene inligting, syfersimboolvervanging en prentrangskikking asook
die veranderlike "vorige psigiatriese behandeling" as die
belangrikste voorspellers uitgewys.
Die volgende aanbevelings word ook hiermee gemaak:
Daar moet volgehou word met die huidige poging om die Suid Afrikaanse Wechsler-intelligensieskaal
vir alle bevolkingsgroepe in Suid-Afrika aan te pas asook met die aanpassing van die meetskaal vir
elke land wat dit tans gebruik of in die verlede gebruik het.
Dit is raadsaam om met behulp van die Rorschach projektiewe tegniek bepaalde profiele ten opsigte
van spesifieke oortreders op te stel terwyl die toetsingsproses verkieslik deur dieselfde
ondersoeker waargeneem word.
Daar moet seker gemaak word dat beskuldigdes slegs in die geval van ernstige en gewelddadige
misdade tot staatspasiente verklaar word, terwyl die howe die bevoegdheid kry om in geskikte
gevalle te beveel dat beskuldigdes ingevolge Hoofstuk 3 van die Wet op Geestesgesondheid aangehou
moet word.
Die getuienis van kriminoloe en sielkundiges behoort bygevoeg te word by die van psigiaters en wel
in gevalle waar toerekeningsvatbaarheid of verminderde toerekeningsvatbaarheid ter sprake is.
Die voorgestelde voorspellingsmodel kan verder verfyn en aangepas word deurdat 'n groter, landwye
steekproef van alle observasiegevalle getrek word wat uiteraard 'n groter aantal veranderlikes
sal insluit.
Weens die versnellingstempo van hersiening met betrekking tot die
DSM-IV handleiding en die feit dat sy betroubaarheid bevraagteken word, word aanbeveel dat eties
verantwoordelike gedrag aan die kant van psigiaters, sielkundiges en kriminoloe gevolg word sodat
praktyke en prosedures wat die regstelsel kan benadeel, geidentifiseer kan word. / Criminology and Security Studies / D.Litt. et Phil. (Kriminologie)
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