With the rapid development and upgrading of the human knowledge and science technology, enterprises may face the tests and challenges of the crisis at any time in this diversified and hurriedly changed social environment. Therefore, facing and managing the crisis timely and effectively is one of the important subjects for enterprises. Crisis means the emergency or calamitous incident that jeopardizes enterprise image, existence and development. It can be regarded as the watershed of transformation and deterioration. When crisis comes up, enterprises need well plans to deal properly with all kinds of complicated situations and rebuild its reputation; otherwise, the enterprises may get serious damage and endanger its life. The purpose of this research is to find out the proper tactic of crisis management for enterprises while facing the crisis. Furthermore, it can help to provide the appropriate way for damage avoiding and reducing, and to turn the crisis into a valuable chance. Consequently, the two cases in this research will offer you the diversity of different crisis management tactics during the three stages of ¡§crisis before breaking out phase," ¡§crisis while breaking out phase¡¨ and ¡§crisis after clearing up phase.¡¨At the same time, this research bases on the management angle of interest affiliated person and to proceed comparative analysis by Document Analysis Method and In-depth Interview Method. Also, it provides the reference material for Taiwan enterprises on crisis management.

Campus is the most important place for students to learn knowledge and skill. But there are still a lot of crisis in the campus. However, there are a lot of natural disaster and accidents in the campus. Most campus accidents caused by artificial careless. It is easy to harm and weak the campus safe. The purpose of the case study investigates the school crisis management. Therefore, how to teach the crisis management in the education process, how to inspire the conscience of crisis management, how to reduce accident¡¦s happen, how to insure the safe of the teachers and students in the campus. This is the very important issue in the education. We hope the crisis management would reduce the probability of the campus crisis reduce the harm during the campus crisis. The research structure based on prepare for school crisis and emergency measure for school crisis. We received 533 survey results. Total response rate of the paper survey was 56.149% based on valid responses. The data is statistically analyzed by factor analysis, reliability analysis, one-way ANOVA and Pearson¡¦s product-moment correlation. The major findings are listed below: 1. The average lower score in prepare school crisis is detect system and education training. 2. The average lower score in emergency measure school crisis is learning development and law consultation. 3. The red signal rank school crisis for teachers and employers is food poisoning, suicide events, bomb events, threaten events, sexual crime¡K At last, according to the conclusions of the research, we finding older age, seniority, high education, high position will pay more attention on school crisis management.

Crises lurk around our daily life. Disasters happen any time and they always make a huge impact on the life, property or people¡¦s confidence whether the crises are natural or man-made. However, both government and enterprise can not get rid of the challenge of the crisis. As far as the government organization is concerned, each of the disasters challenges the ability of facing crisis towards the authority concerns such as the 921 earthquake, the Bajhang River event, the debris flow disaster and the Typhoon Nari. This research wants to examine the current circumstance of the crisis management in the central public sector by using a large amount of the questionnaires which target the people who are in charge of the public relationship service. This research also wants to discuss the relationship between the organization characteristics of the central public sector and the strategies of the communication management in the crisis response stage. Hence, this research probes into these topics by the following items: 1. To realize the circumstance of the prevention before the crisis and the preparation stage of the crisis communication management in the central public sector. 2. To realize the circumstance of the crisis response from the crisis communication management in the central public sector. 3. To research the relationship of the organization characteristics and the crisis communication management method that differentiates from the different central public sector. This research proceeds with the methodology of social survey and have the investigation towards the different persons in charge of the public relationship service in the varied central public sectors. Some conclusions are conducted such as below: 1. In the prevention stage of the crisis communication, the circumstance of the issue management is that most of the public relationship service departments of the central public sector are capable of issue monitoring. 2. In the prevention stage of the crisis communication, the circumstance of the relation management can be concluded as: most of the people who are in charge of public relationship in the central public sector can be self affirmative and make a decent relationship with stakeholders. 3. The circumstance of the communication mechanism in the crisis response stage in the government departments: a. Within the past ten years, the central public sector has been aware of the importance of the crisis management policy by degree and it makes the percentage of setting crisis management police raised up to 60 %. b. It is more popular to build up the crisis management team than setting the article of the crisis management policy. Moreover, most of them agree to prevent or to be against the crisis event by using a team and emphasize on the participation of the public relationship service in charge. c. The government office, e.g. crisis management center, that sets up the mechanism of the crisis management team and emphasizes on the operation of the crisis communication management would have the latest media list in hand and set up a spokesperson in general. 4. The image restoration strategies in the crisis response stage The circumstance of the message delivering form: the image restoration strategies reach a considerably plane from the aspect of the availability, the quickness and the consistency for the government office. Furthermore, the quickness is the most distinguished one. 5. The communication autonomy of the people who are in charge of the government public relationship in the crisis response stage: In general, the communication autonomy for the people who are in charge of the government public relationship needs to be improved. But, there are no communication conflicts with the law staff during the crisis event. On the contrary, they become a team to work together. 6. The relationship between the characteristics of the organization and crisis communication management. a. The relationship between the characteristics of the organization and issue management: this research shows result that the characteristics of the organization may have some influences to the issue management. b. The relationship between the characteristics of the organization and the relations management: the government office that has an independent public relationship service performs the better results than the office that does not have the independent pubic relationship service towards the most respected people. c. The relationship between the characteristics of the organization and the crisis communication management: the central public sector that has more budget approved, more employees and also set up an independent public relationship department may have high percentage to set up crisis management policy; The central public sector that has more budget approved may have high percentage to have the mechanism of building up the crisis management team; The government department that sets schedule to perform public relationship and it is also a government staff unit may have high percentage to have the latest media list in hand; It obviously has the high percentage to set up crisis management communication center in the government staff unit than the national corporations; The government department that has long history may have high percentage to hold a spokesman; A government department has independent public relationship office may have high percentage to have disciplined spokesman to communicate with mass media. d. The relationship between the characteristics of the organization and the message delivering form: the scale of the organization and the public relationship discipline improve the image restoration strategies in the message delivering form.

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited / North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) forces are currently deployed in three Balkan states: Bosnia-Herzegovina; Yugoslavia, in the province of Kosovo; and the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM). These three deployments represent NATO's attempts to date to conduct crisis management operations, a mission the Alliance adopted in the early 1990s and now a fundamental security task alongside collective defense. In view of the increasing importance of crisis management in NATO activities, this thesis analyzes the Balkan operations to identify lessons that can be applied to future doctrines. NATO's 1991 and 1999 Strategic Concepts are reviewed to illustrate the development of NATO's crisis management doctrine. Each Balkan intervention is examined to clarify NATO's crisis management failures and successes, and to assess apparent lessons. The thesis compares the lessons learned with the crisis management doctrine contained in the 2001 NATO Handbook, and offers recommendations for revisions to take fuller account of the lessons learned in the Balkans. / Lieutenant, United States Navy

Cuarta Conferencia correspondiente al Ciclo de Conferencias Doctorales organizada por la Escuela de Postgrado de la UPC, realizada el miércoles 27 de mayo del 2009.

Academia Nacional de Ciencias Económicas

Professor Kolbet is a Patristic scholar trained at Yale Divinity School, and an ordained Episcopal priest. His perspective on the vocations crisis, which crosses all Christian denominational lines, focuses on questions regarding the future theological training of ministerial candidates, and draws creatively on Alasdair MacIntyre's ideas. / with Paul Kolbet, Assistant Professor, Theology Department, Boston College / Fulton 511

Actualmente, las organizaciones se desenvuelven en un entorno complejo, dinámico y poco predecible; en este escenario, la amenaza de crisis se hace cada vez más latente. Este tema cobra especial relevancia, luego de que en los últimos años, muchas organizaciones en Chile han experimentado situaciones de crisis. Este Seminario de Título tiene el objetivo de conocer en profundidad sobre las crisis organizacionales, presentando, en primer lugar, un análisis bibliográfico con diferentes enfoques y, luego, estableciendo una relación entre la teoría y la realidad, a través del análisis de un caso de crisis organizacional ocurrido en una empresa estatal chilena. La crisis se define como una situación compleja, que se explica por una o más causas, significa la perturbación del equilibrio y representa una amenaza a la viabilidad de la organización; es de difícil solución, pues generalmente no se posee las herramientas adecuadas para ello; presenta un tiempo limitado, por lo que requiere de acciones inmediatas; genera una reestructuración interna y significa un cambio, del cual las organizaciones pueden aprender y crecer. No existe ninguna organización inmune a la crisis. En un mundo competitivo, las organizaciones están siendo constantemente amenazadas por su entorno. Además, en el interior de ellas existen múltiples factores que pueden influir en la gestación y desencadenamiento de una crisis. En este contexto, es importante atender a los factores internos y externos para evitar las crisis y/o hacer un manejo apropiado de ellas. En momentos de crisis, en las organizaciones muchos paradigmas deben romperse; se requiere de flexibilidad y dinamismo, no sólo con el objetivo de superar la crisis, sino también para aprender de ella y salir fortalecido. A pesar de que no existe mucha bibliografía acerca del manejo de crisis -lo que en la mayoría de las organizaciones no es considerado prioritario-, en la actualidad este tema cobra vital importancia, por los efectos que pueden tener las crisis sobre las organizaciones. El presente Seminario consta de tres partes. La Primera Parte corresponde al Marco Teórico, el que tiene como objetivo presentar el tema de crisis en organizaciones. La primera parte consta de seis capítulos: (1) concepto de crisis, (2) tipos de crisis, (3) fases de la crisis, (4) causas y consecuencias de la crisis, (5) crisis y cambio y, por último, (6) preparación y gestión de crisis. En la Segunda Parte (Estudio de Caso), se realiza el análisis de una situación real de crisis en Chile. La organización escogida es la Empresa de Ferrocarriles del Estado (EFE), que vivió una situación de crisis a fines de 2002. En primer lugar se presenta el caso y, posteriormente, su análisis. La Tercera Parte corresponde a las Conclusiones Generales del caso; en esta parte se incluyen las conclusiones más importantes del Marco Teórico, luego las principales conclusiones del Estudio de Caso y, por último, se presentan las consideraciones y recomendaciones finales.

The present study is a Delphi design, mixed methods exploration of the training and skills needed for mobile crisis team professionals. It is estimated that 51.5 million adults in the United States live with mental illness (NIMH, 2021). Suicide is the second leading cause of death for those 10-34 years of age (CDC, 2021). When people are in a mental health crisis in the community, they often rely on law enforcement (Lamb et al., 2002) and emergency medical services for aid (Prener & Lincoln, 2015). Although neither profession includes comprehensive mental health training, they are the most common first responders. These interactions do not always end well. The Washington Post (Tan, 2021) reported that between 2016-2021 roughly a quarter of fatal police shootings involved someone in a mental health crisis. Mobile Crisis Team programs have been offered as an alternative to traditional police response. Following community outcry, cities like Baltimore, D.C., and Oakland have worked to create or expand existing mobile crisis programs. During this expansion of mobile crisis services, it is crucial for programs, and the mental health field in general, to have a clear understanding of the types of skills and training needed for mobile crisis professionals. Although there is a large body of research on mobile crisis programs, there is a gap in the literature regarding skills and training. The current study was conducted to address the existing gap in the literature, provide a comprehensive list of skills, training modalities, and professions that compose mobile crisis teams, and inspire future research in mobile crisis training. The study was conducted in three phases. In Phase 1, I recruited a panel of knowledgeable professionals from mobile crisis programs, law enforcement, and emergency medical services to share their expertise on aspects of crisis response in the community. The qualitative data were coded to create a list of skills and training. In Phase 2, panelists rated the items. Descriptive statistics were calculated and included as feedback for Phase 3. In Phase 3, panelists re-rated the items, with feedback, to build consensus. Three lists were produced: (a) Professions Composing Mobile Crisis Teams, (b) Skills and Training, (c) Training Modalities. These lists are composed of 163 items ranked by importance. A high level of consensus regarding importance was achieved by the panel. Differences in item ratings between professions were also explored. The items generated and rated by the panel may prove valuable in the design, improvement, or evaluation of mobile crisis programs and training curricula, and aid in future research on mobile crisis skills, training, design, or effectiveness.

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