With the growth of the overall economy, various kinds of new-type service industries have developed well and rooted in Taiwan around the past 20 years, and become the crucial industry in our society. To succeed under the keen competition, most the owners of the retail stores look forward to raise the level of the satisfaction of shopping from the material level to the spiritual one; they want to attract the consumers with the comfortable and cozy shopping environment they mold. Crowding is a common phenomenon in Taiwan. The department stores and other retail stores are often packed with the crowd on weekends and special festivals. Such crowded shopping spaces always make consumers feel uncomfortable and even scare them away for that it is hard to enjoy the happiness of shopping under this kind of circumstance. Consumers can make themselves feel better by changing their behaviors or their mind set, which is called coping. The emotions caused by the crowdedness may influence the adoption of the coping behaviors, also, lead to the change of the consumer satisfaction. Many research have studied the implication of the coping behavior in the crowded situation, but few were focused on the retail crowding one; therefore, based on the theories of the coping behaviors and the results of the focus group interview, this study developed a set of operational definitions of the coping behaviors under the retail crowding situation. To measure the response of the consumers in the retail crowding situation, this study use two different levels of crowding pictures to design eight different scenarios. The results conclude a path which shows how does the retail crowding influence the consumer satisfaction through the motivation and the occasion of shopping, emotion, and the coping behaviors. The finding of the research is as followed. ¢¹. The more crowded the retailers are, the stronger sense of the negative emotions the consumers have. Besides, the negative emotions toward the others are especially stronger than the negative emotions toward the environment. Both type of the emotion have direct effects on the consumer satisfaction. ¢º. The motivation and the occasion (holiday effect) for shopping can not be the moderators between perceived crowding and emotion. ¢». Consumers will adopt different kinds of coping behavior according to their emotion. ¢¼. Behavioral coping and emotional coping are the intervening factors between emotion and consumer satisfaction. ¢½. The adoption of the behavioral coping will decrease the consumer satisfaction; however, the adoption of the emotional coping can increase it.

Le motif renardien n'allait pas se tarir avec l'achèvement du Roman de Renart. Au XIIIe siècle, de nouvelles versions de ces histoires animalières voient le jour. Cependant, les codes de ce cycle à part entière sont profondément modifiés par rapport au Roman originel. Le facétieux goupil est devenu une absatraction personnifiant le mal sur terre et surtout les aventures sont réinvesties en un sens moral. La fortune de cette nouvelle veine est extraordinaire puisque des récits moralisés de Renart se perpétuent jusqu'au XVIe siècle. La littérature édifiante, souvent pensée comme faible stylistiquement, amène à reconsidérer les frontières de la littéralité. Nous voulons ici interroger la renardisation de l'espace littéraire du milieu du XIIIe siècle au début du XVIe siècle en lien avec la moralisation qui sous-tend ces textes. Cette étude se propose de caractériser les moralisations en étudiant les formes prises par un didactisme qui repose en grande partie sur l'humanisation et l'allégorisation des personnages animaliers. Nous assistons à une réécriture qui se veut métamorphose du cycle renardien. Il s'agit de montrer comment le discours moral et le discours littéraire s'imbriquent. Le discours des moralisateurs des aventures du renard sont tous fondés sur l'angoisse du temps présent. Elle véhicule chez les auteurs une peur et une révolte qui ne se limite pas à la nostalgie mais qui est profondément métaphysique. Ainsi, si l'angoisse prend la forme d'une intense mélancolie, il s'agit d'une mélancolie activement tournée contre le renard qui entend être force de salut. En même temps, il s'agira de caractériser à l'intérieur de ce cycle l'évolution de la satire politico-morale. / The theme of Reynard the fox was not dry up with the completion of the Roman de Renart. In the thirteenth century, new versions of these animal stories are emerging. Howerver, the codes of full cycle are deeply different from the original Roman of Renart. The facetious fox became an abstraction personifying evil on earth and especially adventures are reinvested in a moral purpose. The fortune of this new vein is extraordinary because moralized stories of Reynard perpetuated until the sixteenth century. Edifying literature, often though of as weak stylistically, involves to reconsider the frontier of literariness. In this work, we want to examine the moral Reynard in the literature space between the thirteenth century to the early sixteenth century linked with the moral question. This study aims to characterize the moralizing studying the forms taken by a didactism that is largely based on the humanization and allegory of animal characters. We can see a rewriting which is a metamorphosis of the first renardian cycle. This is to show moral discourse and literary discourse overlap. The moralizing discourse of the adventures of fox are based on the anguish of the present. The vehicle at the authors, fear and revolt, is not restricted to nostalgia, but is deeply metaphysical. Thus, if anxiety takes the form of extreme melancholy, it is a melancholy actively turned against the fox, and a melancholy that tries to serve the salvation of souls. At the same time, we will characterize in these texts the moral and political satire.