Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-11-08Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:20:40Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 vezzani_rm_me_rcla.pdf: 2177233 bytes, checksum: e29a88d5a71c145411a89ed669d43dfc (MD5) / A família Goneplacidae com representantes em todos os oceanos tropicais e temperado-quentes inclui 7 gêneros e 13 espécies na costa brasileira. Embora, muito tenha sido escrito sobre os aspectos ecológicos e fisiológicos, a taxonomia do grupo ainda possui problemas a serem resolvidos, porque a bibliografia sobre os Goneplacidae brasileiros está restrita a levantamentos faunísticos, tratamentos sistemáticos de poucos gêneros importantes e indicações de novas ocorrências na costa brasileira. Sobre biogeografia, não há quase nada referente às espécies brasileiras. De fato, os Goneplacidae nunca receberam, no Brasil, nenhuma revisão taxonômica do ponto de vista global. Considerando estes fatos, a revisão deste grupo foi feita usando as coleções carcinológicas do Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo e de outros museus brasileiros. Dois padrões longitudinais de distribuição e três padrões latitudinais foram verificados nos Goneplacidae brasieliros. / The family Goneplacidae with representatives in all the tropical and warm temperate oceans includes 7 genera and 13 species on the Brazilian coast. Although much has been written about ecological and physiological aspects, the taxonomy of the group left problems to be solved, because present bibliography on Brazilian Goneplacidae is restricted to a few faunistic surveys, in a few areas, systematic treatments of a few important genera and reports of a new occurrences on the Brazilian coast. As for biogeography there is almost nothing about Brazilian species. In fact, the Goneplacidae had never received, in Brazil, any taxonomic revision, at least not from a global view point. Considering these facts, a revision of this group was made using the carcinological collections of the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo and other Brazilian museums. Two patterns of longitudinal distribution and three patterns of latitudinal distribution were verified among the Brazilian Goneplacidae.

The serological relationships of Pacific coast decapod Crustacea were investigated by use of blood sera and protein extracts. Blood sera were obtained from eight species representing six families; the protein extracts were produced from fifteen species as representatives of ten families. Protein extracts gave negative results. Testing with blood sera demonstrated no relationship between anomuran and brachyuran crustaceans. Within the Anomura a close relationship was found between the Lithodidae and Paguridae. In the Brachyura the relationships among the families Cancridae, Atelecyclidae, Grapsidae and Maiidae were found to be generally in accord with those established by morphological studies. Testing of three species of Cancer demonstrated that they are closely related, yet distinct species. / Science, Faculty of / Zoology, Department of / Graduate

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M.Sc. / At present 35 species of Argulus are recognized in Africa. From a summary of the literature available for Argulus species in Africa it is clear that species descriptions are often the only information available for the majority of species. Information on the anatomy and histology of African Argulus species is even more scant. However, previous literature reveals that the anatomy and histology of the digestive system is similar in most branchiurans. The first study includes a description of a poorly known Argulus species described using SEM. Sixteen male and one female specimen of Argulus personatus Cunnington, 1913, were collected from Bathybates ferox Boulenger, 1898, from Lake Tanganyika in northern Zambia. Results from light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examinations documented a thickening of cuticle located on the dorsal surface between the last thoracic segment and abdomen, which was rectangular in shape; the pre-oral spine and the proboscis ornamented with simple scales; a set of 3 large simple setae on the distal end of the basal plate; the dorsal distal end of second podomere of the maxillae ornamented with scales resembling those of a fish; the second and third podomeres of maxillae ornamented with two types of pectinate scales (with fine bristle-like ends and scales with large pointed ends); the ventral distal end of third and fourth maxillary podomeres bearing large teardropshaped scales; a pair of tubular structures present adjacent to the anterior projection; a peg on the fourth pairs of legs of males bearing shallow grooves running irregularly across surface; and an accessory cushion bearing minuteprojections. These characters found in A. personatus were addressed in a redescription. The digestive system of Argulus japonicus metanauplii is described following reconstruction from serial sections. The similarities between the larval and adult digestive system are described. Both digestive systems consist of an oesophagus, oesophageal funnel, anterior midgut, midgut enteral diverticula, posterior midgut and a hindgut. Histologically, the foregut of both the adult and larva consist of cuboidal epithelium and both the adult and larval hindguts are composed of columnar epithelium. Despite the similarities between the adults and larvae some differences exist. Differences include that the epithelium lining of the midgut of newly hatched larvae contain yolk. The midgut diverticula are less ramified than in the adult. The posterior midgut is lined with large swollen cuboidal epithelium with large vacuoles and a ciliated border whereas the adult posterior midgut is lined by large papilliform cells. Argulus japonicus larvae only survive a day after hatching without nutrition from a host and once the first stage larvae start to feed on host tissue they feed mainly on epithelial cells and mucus. There was no blood observed in the lumen of the digestive system. It is concluded from the study that much work remains concerning the taxonomy of African species. Many of the species remains inadequately described and new identification keys must be created. New environmentally safe treatments should be a focus of future development. Also, many physiological aspects of the argulid digestive system remain unknown and provide another focus of future research. / Prof. A. Avenant- Oldewage

Inauguraldiss. Naturwissenschaft. Bern, 1992. / Bibliogr.: S. 106-114.

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M.Sc. (Zoology) / Please refer to full text to view abstract