a bridge bridges. we build bridges so that we may overcome a perceived break in the continuity of our movement and wonder. the bridge intercedes in order to make a way towards something; beyond a limit, river, border, or mountain. it physically connects that which is perceived as separated. what is special about a bridge are the many relationships that are illuminated and created by the finished work. towards this end, the architect manipulates the bridge's form and space to render the prevailing relationships of a bridge and its landscape. he works to cultivate the landscape in order to unite the disparate entities present, just as the bridge unites one place with another. through precise and thoughtful compositions, he frames views to capture the beauty of the form he makes, the water it crosses, the earth it springs from and the sky it marvels at. the architect gives us eyes to see the landscape as it ought to be seen. / Master of Architecture

The aim of this research was to determine which methodologies were found by expatriate managers to be most effective in the development of a global mindset. In support of this aim, the research also investigated whether a global mindset would vary depending on the methodologies experienced by expatriate managers ; and whether exposure to a combination of methodologies would lead to a higher level of global mindedness.A quantitative research approach was adopted with the unit of analysis being expatriate managers. Questionnaires were made available electronically. The collected data was coded and run through SAS version 9.2. Descriptive statistics were obtained to determine the respondent‟s level of global mindedness. Paired sample t-tests were performed between the means of the Learning Methodologies to determine perceived effectiveness. The Kruskal-Wallis non parametric test was run to compare the global mindedness of respondents based on the learning methodologies participants had been exposed to.The results indicate that expatriate managers perceive International Assignments to be the most effective methodology to cultivate a global mindset. International Travel and Working in International Teams were also highly rated by the survey respondents as methodologies to cultivate a global mindset. All of these methodologies are founded on Experiential and Social Learning Theories. An exposure to a combination of methodologies was not found to provide statistically significant evidence that this leads to higher levels of global mindedness. / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

This is an architectural thesis exploring bamboo not just as a material, but asking what the temporal nature of the material could mean for design. While bamboo is often considered sustainable because of its considerable growth rate, few really embrace the nature of bamboo. To exhibit this concept this project follows the line from source to destination, and from germination to structure; not representing a fi nished object in single moment, but an idea that spans time. To do this, bamboo acts as a catalyst for a cultural center. It grows and matures and is harvested, it changes the space; and as it is used, degrades, and fi nally taken down, it changes the design. From seed to opera house and back again to the earth, the cycle breaths continuous life into the site. The project, located near 7th and H Street, NW, in Washington, DC is a dual program - both cultural center and public garden. The "bookends" or exterior buildings on the site are a balancing force to the ephemeral nature of the bamboo. The terracotta bearing walls buffer the peaceful inside from the outside. Their roles serve as stage to the street, gatehouse to the garden, and armature for the bamboo structures to be built upon. Their solidity holds in and allows the movement of time to ebb and flow with that of the bamboo grove. / Master of Architecture

Orientador: Marco Eustáquio de Sá / Resumo: A colheita afeta diretamente a qualidade das sementes de gramíneas forrageiras de Panicum maximum, devido à ocorrência de desuniformidades no florescimento, maturação e degrana. As sementes da cv. Mombaça têm sido colhidas através do sistema de varredura e predominantemente pelo sistema mecanizado. Com o avanço da tecnologia surgiram no mercado colhedoras que possuem mecanismo de pré-limpeza embutido, que realizam as operações de colheita e beneficiamento, simultaneamente, na própria máquina. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade física e fisiológica das sementes em relação às colheitas de varredura, sistema manual e sistema mecanizado com colhedora simples e com colhedora com sistema de pré-limpeza embutido, em 3 épocas de avaliação (04, 08 e 12 meses). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado (DIC), dispostos em um esquema fatorial 3x2x3, com quatro repetições.O tipo de colheita afeta a qualidade das sementes e a operação de pré-limpeza favorece a obtenção de sementes de melhor qualidade. A semente perde qualidade com o tempo de armazenamento independentemente do tipo de colheita. Os resultados demonstraram melhor desempenho da colhedora Hércules, na obtenção de sementes de maior qualidade, pois a colhedora permitiu a obtenção de sementes com maior pureza física, entretanto, de menor qualidade fisiológica. / Abstract: Harvesting directly affects seed quality of Panicum maximum forage grasses, due to the occurrence of non uniformities in flowering, maturation and degranulation. The seeds of cv. Mombasa have been harvested through the sweep system and predominantly by the mechanized system. With the advancement of technology, harvesters with a built-in pre-cleaning mechanism have appeared on the market, which perform the harvesting and processing operations simultaneously in the machine itself. The objective of this work was to evaluate the physical and physiological quality of the seeds in relation to the harvesting of samples, manual system and mechanized system with simple harvester and harvester with built-in pre-cleaning system, in 3 evaluation periods (04, 08 and 12 months). The experimental design was completely randomized (DIC), arranged in a 3x2x3 factorial scheme, with four replications. The type of harvesting affects the quality of the seeds and the pre-cleaning operation favors the obtaining of better quality seeds. Seed loses quality with storage time regardless of harvest type. The results showed a better performance of the harvester Hércules, in obtaining higher quality seeds, because the harvester allowed to obtain seeds with greater physical purity, however, of lower physiological quality. / Mestre

Submitted by SARA DIAS DA SILVA LISBOA null (saradiaslisboa@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-01-08T09:30:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação.pdf: 1152080 bytes, checksum: e4803144d7202aa363538f0eb2972bfe (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Cristina Alexandra de Godoy null (cristina@adm.feis.unesp.br) on 2018-01-08T13:38:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 lisboa_sds_me_ilha.pdf: 1152080 bytes, checksum: e4803144d7202aa363538f0eb2972bfe (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-08T13:38:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 lisboa_sds_me_ilha.pdf: 1152080 bytes, checksum: e4803144d7202aa363538f0eb2972bfe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-11-09 / A colheita afeta diretamente a qualidade das sementes de gramíneas forrageiras de Panicum maximum, devido à ocorrência de desuniformidades no florescimento, maturação e degrana. As sementes da cv. Mombaça têm sido colhidas através do sistema de varredura e predominantemente pelo sistema mecanizado. Com o avanço da tecnologia surgiram no mercado colhedoras que possuem mecanismo de pré-limpeza embutido, que realizam as operações de colheita e beneficiamento, simultaneamente, na própria máquina. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade física e fisiológica das sementes em relação às colheitas de varredura, sistema manual e sistema mecanizado com colhedora simples e com colhedora com sistema de pré-limpeza embutido, em 3 épocas de avaliação (04, 08 e 12 meses). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado (DIC), dispostos em um esquema fatorial 3x2x3, com quatro repetições.O tipo de colheita afeta a qualidade das sementes e a operação de pré-limpeza favorece a obtenção de sementes de melhor qualidade. A semente perde qualidade com o tempo de armazenamento independentemente do tipo de colheita. Os resultados demonstraram melhor desempenho da colhedora Hércules, na obtenção de sementes de maior qualidade, pois a colhedora permitiu a obtenção de sementes com maior pureza física, entretanto, de menor qualidade fisiológica. / Harvesting directly affects seed quality of Panicum maximum forage grasses, due to the occurrence of non uniformities in flowering, maturation and degranulation. The seeds of cv. Mombasa have been harvested through the sweep system and predominantly by the mechanized system. With the advancement of technology, harvesters with a built-in pre-cleaning mechanism have appeared on the market, which perform the harvesting and processing operations simultaneously in the machine itself. The objective of this work was to evaluate the physical and physiological quality of the seeds in relation to the harvesting of samples, manual system and mechanized system with simple harvester and harvester with built-in pre-cleaning system, in 3 evaluation periods (04, 08 and 12 months). The experimental design was completely randomized (DIC), arranged in a 3x2x3 factorial scheme, with four replications. The type of harvesting affects the quality of the seeds and the pre-cleaning operation favors the obtaining of better quality seeds. Seed loses quality with storage time regardless of harvest type. The results showed a better performance of the harvester Hércules, in obtaining higher quality seeds, because the harvester allowed to obtain seeds with greater physical purity, however, of lower physiological quality.

Alternative Provision, as a sector, is well positioned to offer a remarkable opportunity to cultivate a young person’s humanity through care and challenge. Where practitioners embrace responsibility for young people and their environment, and honour context and complexity, they can mobilise the present as a rich source of possibility and agency. There needs to be a clear understanding of the contribution that Alternative Provision can make to young people’s lives and how this relates to practice and policy perceptions of effectiveness. Yet because it is difficult to know, track, manage and regulate, Alternative Provision remains largely uninspected and unregulated, with lack of clarity in purpose holding back the potential to inspire change in pupil perception and experience. On top of these issues, schools face the challenge of being held directly accountable for Alternative Provision they commission for their pupils, and responsible for ensuring that it is suitable, safe and effective. Research into current practice and theory is needed to help schools and policy makers fulfil their mandates at a time when policy makers are at the cusp of re-designing the field. At these key beginnings of re-design for Alternative Provision in England, this ethnographic study offers to fill that research gap through a conceptualisation of practitioner approaches in one Alternative Provision site over an academic year, that led to pupil well-being, a sense of belonging and further training or employment. These outcomes, alongside the practitioner approaches of mutually transforming empathic engagement and mission, I argue, are central to sound thinking about Alternative Provision. The process involved – licensed chaos – with its authorised release of pupils into play, immersion, risk taking and ownership, is presented as one way of embodying this journey and is offered here as a model of process on which other schools could build their own. Methodological contributions are made through the exploration of life writing as ontology and as a way of communicating the ever-present realities for many pupils attending Alternative Provision. Critical reflection and acknowledgement of the researcher’s role and transformation through the research process is shared. Reciprocal virtual ethnography is explored and put forward as an effective means of researching young people in Alternative Provision. This thesis tells a story of lives and learning that further humanises and empowers the field of Alternative Provision and its commissioning schools.

Este estudo teve como objetivo principal avaliar economicamente seis projetos associados a sistemas distintos de produção da pastagem, sendo que um deles não adota tecnologias suplementares àquelas observadas no manejo convencional, atuando como testemunha. Os quatro projetos seguintes foram criados a partir de diferentes técnicas de recuperação de pastagens: adubação associada ao uso de herbicidas; gradagem e adubação; recuperação através do cultivo de arroz; e recuperação através do cultivo da soja. O último relaciona-se com a opção do desmatamento para a abertura de novas áreas de pastoreio, ao invés da intensificação do uso de áreas já exploradas. Para classificar os projetos foram utilizados métodos convencionais de análises de projetos (TIR, VPL, RBC, PBE), tendo os dados empregados nas análises sidos coletados através de painéis e entrevistas com técnicos, na região amazônica e em outros importantes estados para a produção pecuária do Centro-Oeste. Embora o estudo faça inferências para a região amazônica, destaca-se que as análises voltaram-se ao estado de Rondônia, tendo em vista a disponibilidade de informações específicas quanto às formas de recuperação da pastagem, referentes às áreas experimentais desenvolvidas pelo projeto temático: FAPESP N o 2000/08/239-2, empreendido pelo CENA/USP. Em linhas gerais, a ordem de preferência econômica entre os projetos é alterada por modificações em algumas variáveis. Destacam-se como variáveis principais que têm a capacidade de definir a preferência dos projetos: a taxa de lotação inicial, a hipótese de valorização da terra (vinculada ao potencial de desenvolvimento regional e à alteração de preço de acordo com os investimentos feitos na execução dos projetos). Também importante, mas que não foram analisados, itens como a forma gerencial de condução das vendas de animais nos períodos de entressafra e o horizonte temporal adotado podem promover alteração na ordem de escolha. Como resultados principais, pôde-se constatar que o projeto testemunha foi preferível em situações em que o percentual da valorização da terra é baixo. Entretanto, quando os valores associados à valorização da terra são somados, a melhor escolha, em termos econômicos, volta-se para a opção do desmatamento, dentro das considerações assumidas neste estudo. Essas considerações derivam da generalização de dados individuais para coeficientes regionais, o que torna alguns aspectos deficientes. A diversidade de tipos edafo-climáticos e os diversos sistemas de produção do complexo amazônico dificultam a formalização de conclusões que possam ter grande abrangência. Por isso foi criada uma planilha utilizando-se os recursos do Excel (disponibilizada no CD-ROM anexo), que possibilita a inclusão de informações distintas daquelas usadas neste estudo. A planilha visa, portanto, a contribuir com o processo individual de tomada de decisões dos agentes ligados ao setor da pecuária extensiva. / The aim of this study is to economically evaluate six projects associated to distinguished forms of pasture handling, one of them does not adopt supplementary technologies of handling, acting as a witness. The four following projects were developed from unique techniques of pasture recovering: manuring associated to the use of herbicides; tillage and manuring; recovering through rice growing; and recovering through soybean growing. The latter is related to the option for deforesting in order to provide new areas for pasture, instead of overloading the areas already explored. To classify the projects it was used conventional methods of project analysis (TIR, VPL, RBC, PBE), and the data used in the analysis were collected through panels and interviews with technicians, in the Amazon region and in other important states of cattle raising in the middle-west. Even though the study makes remarks on the Amazon region, it points out that the analysis were focused on the Rondonia state, considering the availability of specific information about the forms of pasture recovering, regarding the experimental areas developed by the theme project: FAPESP no. 2000/08/239-2 carried out by CENA / USP. In general terms, the order of preference among the projects is altered by modifications in some variables. As main variables, which are in a position to define the preference of the projects, we have: the initial allotment rate, the hypothesis of land valorization (linked to the regional development potential and to the prices changes according to the investments made in order to carry out the projects). Also important, however not analyzed, items such as the management way of conducting animal sales in times between harvests and the temporary horizon adopted can alter the order of choice. As main results, it was possible to conclude that the witness project was preferred in situations in which land valorization is low. However, when the values related to land valorization are added up, the best choice, in economic terms, comes back to the option for deforestation, within the consideration assumed in this study. These considerations derive from the generalization of individual data for regional coefficients, which make a few aspects deficient. The diversity of types of soil and weather and the various production systems of the Amazon complex make it difficult to formalize conclusions of large range. As a result, it was developed a spreadsheet making use of the resources of Excel (made available on the attached compact disc), which makes it possible to include distinct information of that used in this study. The spreadsheet aims to; therefore, contribute to the individual process of decision making of the agents involved in the extensive cattle raising sector.

Submitted by Deyse Queiroz (deysequeirozz@hotmail.com) on 2018-05-28T12:36:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 BENEDITO FERREIRA BONIFÁCIO - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGSA PROFISSIONAL 2017..pdf: 1746823 bytes, checksum: 153584fa740b169801030661903c2cb4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-28T12:36:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BENEDITO FERREIRA BONIFÁCIO - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGSA PROFISSIONAL 2017..pdf: 1746823 bytes, checksum: 153584fa740b169801030661903c2cb4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-03 / Tendo em vista a importância socioeconômica da cultura da goiabeira, notadamente para a região nordeste do Brasil onde há limitada disponibilidade de água de boa qualidade, surge a necessidade do uso de águas salinas para produção agrícola implicando na necessidade do desenvolvimento de estratégias que possam viabilizar o seu uso. Nesse sentido, realizou-se a pesquisa com o intuito de avaliar os efeitos de diferentes doses de potássio combinadas com águas de distintos níveis salinos na produção de mudas para porta-enxerto de goiabeira. O experimento foi desenvolvido em casa de vegetação do Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia Agroalimentar da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Pombal - PB. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, num esquema fatorial 5 x 4, com os tratamentos referentes à cinco níveis de condutividade elétrica da água de irrigação (CEa = 0,3; 1,1; 1,9; 2,7 e 3,5 dS m-1) em interação com quatro doses de potássio (70, 100, 130 e 160% de K) sendo a dose recomendada de 100% K (726 mg de K dm-3 de substrato) para mudas de goiabeira e quatro repetições, sendo cada parcela constituída por duas plantas úteis. A aplicação dos tratamentos teve início aos 40 dias após a emergência das plântulas (DAE). Os porta-enxertos foram avaliados aos 120 e 225 DAE, através da altura da planta, diâmetro do caule, número de folhas e área foliar; no período de 60 a 225 DAE foram mensuradas as taxas de crescimento absoluto e relativo para altura de planta e, aos 225 DAE a área foliar específica, as variáveis de fitomassa seca de caule, folhas, seca de raiz, parte aérea, total, relação raiz/parte aérea, razão de área foliar e o índice de qualidade de Dickson. A irrigação com água de CEa de até 1,9 dS m-1 possibilitou a formação de porta-enxerto de goiabeira cv. Paluma com redução aceitável em seu crescimento; dose de potássio de 798,6 mg de K dm-3 de substrato promoveu o maior crescimento em altura do porta-enxerto de goiabeira cv. Paluma aos 120 dias após a emergência; doses crescentes de K não atenuaram os efeitos nocivos dos sais sobre os porta-enxertos de goiabeira cv. Paluma; dose de 508,2 mg de K dm-3 de substrato favorece o acúmulo de fitomassa seca de caules de goiabeira cv. Paluma aos 225 DAE; irrigação com água de CEa 1,9 dS m-1 promove redução aceitável de 10% sobre a produção de fitomassa e qualidade dos porta-enxertos de goiabeira cv. Paluma; não houve interação significativa (sal x doses de K) sobre as variáveis estudadas. / Considering the socioeconomic importance of the guava crop, especially for the northeastern region of Brazil where there is limited availability of good quality water, the need arises for the use of saline waters for agricultural production, implying the need to develop strategies that can their use. In this sense, the research was carried out to evaluate the effects of different doses of potassium combined with waters of different salt levels in the production of seedlings for guava rootstock. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse at the Agrifood Science and Technology Center of the Federal University of Campina Grande, Pombal - PB. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design, in a 5 x 4 factorial scheme, with the treatments referring to five levels of electrical conductivity of the irrigation water (CEw = 0,3; 1,1; 1,9; 2,7 and 3,5 dS m-1) in interaction with four doses of potassium (70, 100, 130 and 160% K) and the recommended dose of 100% K (726 mg K dm-3 substrate) for guava seedlings and four repetitions, each plot consisting of two useful plants. The treatments were started at 40 days after emergence of the seedlings (DAE). The rootstocks were evaluated at 120 and 225 DAE, through plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves and leaf area; in the period from 60 to 225 DAE, absolute and relative growth rates were measured for plant height and, at 225 DAE, the specific leaf area, stem dry matter, leaves, root dry matter, shoot, total ratio root/shoot, leaf area ratio and Dickson quality index. Irrigation with CEw water of up to 1,9 dS m-1 allowed the formation of a guava rootstock cv. Paluma with acceptable reduction in its growth; potassium dose of 798,6 mg of K dm-3 substrate promoted the highest growth in height of the guava rootstock cv. Paluma at 120 days after the emergency; increasing doses of K did not attenuate the harmful effects of the salts on guava rootstocks cv. Paluma; dose of 508,2 mg of K dm-3 of substrate favors the accumulation of dry phytomass of cv. Paluma at 225 DAE; irrigation with CEw water 1,9 dS m-1 promotes a 10% acceptable reduction on the phytomass production and quality of guava rootstocks cv. Paluma; there was no significant interaction (salt x doses of K) on the studied variables.

The theoretical part deals with system fair trade, cultivate and produce of fair trade and organic cotton. Following there are describe standards for small fair trade cotton producers and fair trade textile standard. There are presented some czech producers of organic cotton and some fair trade cotton farmers. The practical part contains results of questionnaires, which show views of consumers on organic and fair trade cotton. Futhermore the are analyse offers of organic and fair trade cotton in selected retail chains.

Este estudo teve como objetivo principal avaliar economicamente seis projetos associados a sistemas distintos de produção da pastagem, sendo que um deles não adota tecnologias suplementares àquelas observadas no manejo convencional, atuando como testemunha. Os quatro projetos seguintes foram criados a partir de diferentes técnicas de recuperação de pastagens: adubação associada ao uso de herbicidas; gradagem e adubação; recuperação através do cultivo de arroz; e recuperação através do cultivo da soja. O último relaciona-se com a opção do desmatamento para a abertura de novas áreas de pastoreio, ao invés da intensificação do uso de áreas já exploradas. Para classificar os projetos foram utilizados métodos convencionais de análises de projetos (TIR, VPL, RBC, PBE), tendo os dados empregados nas análises sidos coletados através de painéis e entrevistas com técnicos, na região amazônica e em outros importantes estados para a produção pecuária do Centro-Oeste. Embora o estudo faça inferências para a região amazônica, destaca-se que as análises voltaram-se ao estado de Rondônia, tendo em vista a disponibilidade de informações específicas quanto às formas de recuperação da pastagem, referentes às áreas experimentais desenvolvidas pelo projeto temático: FAPESP N o 2000/08/239-2, empreendido pelo CENA/USP. Em linhas gerais, a ordem de preferência econômica entre os projetos é alterada por modificações em algumas variáveis. Destacam-se como variáveis principais que têm a capacidade de definir a preferência dos projetos: a taxa de lotação inicial, a hipótese de valorização da terra (vinculada ao potencial de desenvolvimento regional e à alteração de preço de acordo com os investimentos feitos na execução dos projetos). Também importante, mas que não foram analisados, itens como a forma gerencial de condução das vendas de animais nos períodos de entressafra e o horizonte temporal adotado podem promover alteração na ordem de escolha. Como resultados principais, pôde-se constatar que o projeto testemunha foi preferível em situações em que o percentual da valorização da terra é baixo. Entretanto, quando os valores associados à valorização da terra são somados, a melhor escolha, em termos econômicos, volta-se para a opção do desmatamento, dentro das considerações assumidas neste estudo. Essas considerações derivam da generalização de dados individuais para coeficientes regionais, o que torna alguns aspectos deficientes. A diversidade de tipos edafo-climáticos e os diversos sistemas de produção do complexo amazônico dificultam a formalização de conclusões que possam ter grande abrangência. Por isso foi criada uma planilha utilizando-se os recursos do Excel (disponibilizada no CD-ROM anexo), que possibilita a inclusão de informações distintas daquelas usadas neste estudo. A planilha visa, portanto, a contribuir com o processo individual de tomada de decisões dos agentes ligados ao setor da pecuária extensiva. / The aim of this study is to economically evaluate six projects associated to distinguished forms of pasture handling, one of them does not adopt supplementary technologies of handling, acting as a witness. The four following projects were developed from unique techniques of pasture recovering: manuring associated to the use of herbicides; tillage and manuring; recovering through rice growing; and recovering through soybean growing. The latter is related to the option for deforesting in order to provide new areas for pasture, instead of overloading the areas already explored. To classify the projects it was used conventional methods of project analysis (TIR, VPL, RBC, PBE), and the data used in the analysis were collected through panels and interviews with technicians, in the Amazon region and in other important states of cattle raising in the middle-west. Even though the study makes remarks on the Amazon region, it points out that the analysis were focused on the Rondonia state, considering the availability of specific information about the forms of pasture recovering, regarding the experimental areas developed by the theme project: FAPESP no. 2000/08/239-2 carried out by CENA / USP. In general terms, the order of preference among the projects is altered by modifications in some variables. As main variables, which are in a position to define the preference of the projects, we have: the initial allotment rate, the hypothesis of land valorization (linked to the regional development potential and to the prices changes according to the investments made in order to carry out the projects). Also important, however not analyzed, items such as the management way of conducting animal sales in times between harvests and the temporary horizon adopted can alter the order of choice. As main results, it was possible to conclude that the witness project was preferred in situations in which land valorization is low. However, when the values related to land valorization are added up, the best choice, in economic terms, comes back to the option for deforestation, within the consideration assumed in this study. These considerations derive from the generalization of individual data for regional coefficients, which make a few aspects deficient. The diversity of types of soil and weather and the various production systems of the Amazon complex make it difficult to formalize conclusions of large range. As a result, it was developed a spreadsheet making use of the resources of Excel (made available on the attached compact disc), which makes it possible to include distinct information of that used in this study. The spreadsheet aims to; therefore, contribute to the individual process of decision making of the agents involved in the extensive cattle raising sector.