Chinese-American adolescents were compared with the major group in the United States (European-American adolescents) in negotiating self-concepts related with autonomy and connectedness. Senses of autonomy and connectedness were evaluated by examining adolescents' cultural value orientations (individualism and collectivism), parent-adolescent relationships (decision-making styles and power perception), and relations between the two constructs. Participants included 56 first- or second-generation Chinese-American adolescents (18.5% of first-generation and 81.5% of secondgeneration) and 45 European-American adolescents, accompanied with their mothers (47 Chinese-American mothers and 42 European-American mothers). In terms of cultural value orientations, Chinese- and European-Americans' selfconcepts were consistently oriented towards collectivism more than individualism in adolescents and mothers. With regard to parent-adolescent relationships, Chinese- American adolescents have identified with the dominant culture to show similar desires of being autonomous as European-American adolescents. However, Chinese-American mothers adopted more authoritarian, conservative, and inflexible parenting styles than European-American mothers. With regard to the relations between variables of cultural value orientations and variables of parent-adolescent relationships, the pattern of findings was consistent with the notion that Chinese-American adolescents who internalize highly collectivistic cultural values displayed more collectivistic communication styles in parent-adolescent relationships than European-American adolescents.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between early career indecision and individualistic and collectivistic cultural value orientations amongst new entrants to the workplace. The INDCOL (Triandis, 1995) was used to gather information on the vertical and horizontal scales of the individualism and collectivism of respondents, while the Career Decision Scale (CDS) (Osipow, 1987) was used to gather information on the levels of career certainty and career indecision. A sample of convenience of N=115 new entrants to the workplace in a typical South African governmental organisation was used. The results indicated that there is no relationship between individualistic and collectivistic cultural value orientations and career indecision and that biographical variables have no relationship with early career indecision. However, it was found that the biographical variables of race and gender may have a significant impact on the cultural value orientations of individuals in the South African work context. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M. A. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between early career indecision and individualistic and collectivistic cultural value orientations amongst new entrants to the workplace. The INDCOL (Triandis, 1995) was used to gather information on the vertical and horizontal scales of the individualism and collectivism of respondents, while the Career Decision Scale (CDS) (Osipow, 1987) was used to gather information on the levels of career certainty and career indecision. A sample of convenience of N=115 new entrants to the workplace in a typical South African governmental organisation was used. The results indicated that there is no relationship between individualistic and collectivistic cultural value orientations and career indecision and that biographical variables have no relationship with early career indecision. However, it was found that the biographical variables of race and gender may have a significant impact on the cultural value orientations of individuals in the South African work context. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M. A. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)