Whether or not currency markets may be regarded as efficient or not has been a hotly debated issue in the academic literature over recent decades. Economic theory would suggest that these markets should be efficient because they are apparently good examples of a perfectly competitive market structure. On the other hand, empirical tests of the efficient market hypothesis within these currency markets unequivocally find them to be inefficient. There is still no good explanation for this conundrum and as a result a fair amount of effort is still expended on refining the empirical studies of market efficiency, a task which is taken up in the four empirical studies that comprise this thesis. Within efficient markets, prices are predicted to respond &quotquickly" with the arrival of new information and the empirical work in the thesis focuses on these issues by identifying three key areas for research, namely, price adjustment and volatility, volatility and the &quotnews", and the speed of price adjustment. In essence, the studies examine whether there is inefficient adjustment to news in terms of excessive volatility, whether or not news is actually the main driver of exchange rate volatility and whether or not &quotquickly" can be measured empirically. The empirical results reported within this thesis confirm that the Australian dollar has not been an excessively volatile currency, even though the level of volatility has been increasing; that the pattern of information flow explains a significant degree of the non constant variance in the returns of the world's most actively traded currencies, (i.e. information explains price innovation); that the reaction time to macroeconomic news occurs within seconds of a pre-scheduled announcement, and that the bulk of adjustment to fundamental value occurs within the hour. These findings are consistent with what would be expected within an efficient market. The results reported within this thesis therefore suggest that the currency markets studied are efficient, at least for the sample periods of the data used in the studies. Exchange rates adjust rapidly with information arrival albeit not completely. It is also the case that a number of additional research questions emerge from this research. For example we know that volatility is not excessive and that it is increasing. What we do not know is the point at which increasing volatility becomes excessive. We know that exchange rates react quickly with the arrival of macroeconomic news, but we do not know precisely how long it takes for volatility to return to preannouncement levels, or why the reaction to news is inconsistent. We also do not know what type of information best explains volatility above that which is explained by the systematic dissemination of information or why full adjustment to fundamental value does not occur? Answers to these questions provide a future research agenda. Answers may provide insight that will help financial economists explain the apparent failure of the speculative efficient hypothesis.

The thesis deals with designing an automated trading system, especially for intra-day trading the currency markets. The aim is to create a comprehensive theoretical background, practical work knowledge can be used to develop appropriate automated trading system. The thesis is an emphasis on technical and partly a psychological analysis of currency markets. Designed system will be suitably optimized to maximize profits and stability of applications on the most liquid currency pairs.

The main aim of this final thesis is to analyze unconventional monetary policy of American central bank, which has been implemented during financial crisis in 2008. Fed used extremely accommodative monetary policy to restore interbank liquidity and to stimulate the real economy. In theoretical part of this thesis is examined the liquidity trap. The thesis describes transmission mechanism of transferring Fed measures to financial markets and real economy as well. Practical part of the thesis analyzes further steps of Federal reserve system, which have been implemented when key interest rates have already been lowered near the zero bound. The thesis is finished by the evaluation of these steps of American monetary authority and behavior of US stock market, which has been directly stimulated and is currently reaching its all-time highs.

The thesis focuses on automated trading systems for trading on currency market. It describes basics of market analysis and deals with the design, optimization and identifying appropriate indicators of automatic trading system, which is based on the Fibonacci retracement. This system should serve as a decision support for trader's operations in the currency market. Furthermore, this thesis deals with the possibility of avoiding exchange rate risk by trading in the foreign exchange market.