The design and implementation of speed control driver which is applied to three-phase brushless DC fan motor are presented in this thesis. In the back-EMF detection circuit, we use digital filter circuits to obtain commutation to overcome the switch noises which are generated by high frequency PWM, without using traditional capacitor filter circuits which need more volume for additional external capacitor. Because the problems of high frequency magnetizing vibration and dispensable power consumption are generated by open-loop fixed frequency PWM speed control approach, closed-loop speed feedback control methods and closed-loop current feedback control methods are adopted to achieve high efficiency and low vibration of the fan motor drivers.

For energy conservation of sensorless two-phase half-wave brushless DC fan, this thesis develops a driver based on analogy circuits with current feedback control and speed feedback control. The main parts of the system include a sensorless start-up circuit, a sensorless commutation detection circuit, a speed feedback control circuit and a current feedback control circuit. Finally, we design experiments to compare it with outside PWM open-loop control and speed feedback control on experiment, the result shows that the driver with both current feedback control and speed feedback control displays better efficiency and lower vibration.

This thesis is about the improved design of small size brushless DC fan motor driving circuit. Two main improvements in the new design are increase the stability and decrease the size of motor fan at the same time. To improve the stability, there are two major parts added to the original driving circuit. The delay circuit that protects the H-bridge and the output low current limit circuit. Furthermore, it is believed that the speed control also can improve the stability. With regard to the rotation speed control, two circuits are attached to the motor, 1) speed feedback controller and 2) speed and current feedback controller. Both controllers are attached in the close loop rotation speed control circuit. They are used to increase the efficiency of drive circuit. In order to make the circuit more efficient, they solve problems such as disturbance in miscellaneous noise; also the power dissipation that occurs in open loop rotation speed control circuit. The second improvement in the new design is to reduce the cost and size of system. The design of sensorless control scheme is proposed to replace the Hall sensor to detect rotor position. This sensorless scheme can also supply fan motor voltage to achieve the speed control.

This thesis uses TMS320LF2407A DSP from T.I. as the control kernel .It proposes a method of sensorless driver and variable speed driver with current feedback for the rotary compressor. By detecting the back electromotive force signals, the information of rotor position can be detected by the commutation process and the speed estimation can also be achieved. In order to make the system more robust and the improve the power consumption, adaptive controller and close loop structure are adapted. At last, the experimental system structure is built, and the advantages improvement efficiency of the system with sensorless driver¡Bspeed and current feedback were be verified by experiment.

The thesis describes theoretical and experimental studies on the chaotic behaviour of a peak current-mode controlled boost converter, a parallel two-module peak current-mode controlled DC-DC boost converter, and a peak current-mode controlled power factor correction (PFC) boost converter. The research concentrates on converters which do not have voltage control loops, since the main interest is in the intrinsic mechanism of chaotic behaviour. These converters produce sub-harmonics of the clock frequency at certain values of the reference current I[ref] and input voltage V[in], and may behave in a chaotic manner, whereby the frequency spectrum of the inductor becomes continuous. Non-linear maps for each of the converters are derived using discrete time modelling and numerical iteration of the maps produce bifurcation diagrams which indicate the presence of subharmonics and chaotic operation. In order to check the validity of the analysis, MATLAB/SIMULINK models for the converters are developed. A comparison is made between waveforms obtained from experimental converters, with those produced by the MATLAB/SIMULINK models of the converters. The experimental and theoretical results are also compared with the bifurcation points predicted by the bifurcation diagrams. The simulated waveforms show excellent agreement, with both the experimental waveforms and the transitions predicted by the bifurcation diagrams. The thesis presents the first application of a delayed feedback control scheme for eliminating chaotic behaviour in both the DC-DC boost converter and the PFC boost converter. Experimental results and FORTRAN simulations show the effectiveness and robustness of the scheme. FORTRAN simulations are found to be in close agreement with experimental results and the bifurcation diagrams. A theoretical comparison is made between the above converters controlled using delayed feedback control and the popular slope compensation method. It is shown that delayed feedback control is a simpler scheme and has a better performance than that for slope compensation.

A new concept of current sensor reduction technique called multi-branch current sensing technique (MCST) is proposed in this dissertation. In the proposed current sensing method, one more branch currents are simultaneously measured several times in a single switching cycle by using a single current sensor. After that, the current reconstruction algorithm is applied to obtain all phase currents information. Compared to traditional single current sensor techniques (SCSTs), the proposed method samples the output of the current sensor regularly, and the current sensing dead-zone is dramatically reduced. Since the current sampling is performed periodically, its implementation using a digital controller is extremely simple. Moreover, the periodical dead-zone and the dead-zone near the origin of the voltage vector space which have been a big problem in the existing methods can be completely eliminated. Accordingly, there is no need to have a complicated vector reconfiguration or current estimation algorithm. The proposed MCST also takes the advantages of a SCST such as reduced cost and elimination of the sensor gain discrepancy problem in the multiple current sensor method. The fundamental concept, implementation issues, and limitation of the proposed MCST are described based on three-phase systems first. After that, the proposed MCST is adopted to two-phase inverters and multi-phase dc-dc converters with little modifications. Computer simulations and hardware experiments have been conducted for a three-phase boost converter, a three-phase motor drive system, a two-phase two-leg inverter, a two-phase four-leg inverter with bipolar modulation, a two-phase four-leg inverter with unipolar modulation, and a four-phase dc-dc converter applications. From the simulations and the experimental results, the feasibilities of the proposed method mentioned above are fully verified. / Ph. D.

<p>This report is an outcome of a master degree project at Linköpings University in co-operation with Micronic Laser Systems AB. </p><p>The purpose with this master degree project was to investigate how to implement a receiver in a data transfer system. The system consists of several data channels, where every channel consists of three parts: driver, transmission lines and receiver. The driver send low amplitude differential signals via the transmission lines to the receiver that amplifies and converts it to a single-ended signal. The receiver has to be fast and be able to feed an output signal with high voltage swing. It is also needed for the receivers to have low power consumption since they are close to the load, which is sensitive to heat. </p><p>Different amplifier architectures were investigated to find a suitable circuit for the given prerequisites. In this report the advantages and disadvantages of voltage and current feedback are discussed. </p><p>The conclusions of this work are that in a system with an amplifier as a receiver with differential transmission lines, a single operational amplifier cannot be used. An input stage is needed to isolate the feedback net from the inputs of the operational amplifier. When fast rise time and large output swing are wanted the best amplifier architecture is current feedback amplifiers. A current feedback amplifier in CMOS with the required high voltages and slew rate is hard to realize without very high power consumption.</p>

This report is an outcome of a master degree project at Linköpings University in co-operation with Micronic Laser Systems AB. The purpose with this master degree project was to investigate how to implement a receiver in a data transfer system. The system consists of several data channels, where every channel consists of three parts: driver, transmission lines and receiver. The driver send low amplitude differential signals via the transmission lines to the receiver that amplifies and converts it to a single-ended signal. The receiver has to be fast and be able to feed an output signal with high voltage swing. It is also needed for the receivers to have low power consumption since they are close to the load, which is sensitive to heat. Different amplifier architectures were investigated to find a suitable circuit for the given prerequisites. In this report the advantages and disadvantages of voltage and current feedback are discussed. The conclusions of this work are that in a system with an amplifier as a receiver with differential transmission lines, a single operational amplifier cannot be used. An input stage is needed to isolate the feedback net from the inputs of the operational amplifier. When fast rise time and large output swing are wanted the best amplifier architecture is current feedback amplifiers. A current feedback amplifier in CMOS with the required high voltages and slew rate is hard to realize without very high power consumption.

In order to provide the means to set up a control theory lab experiment involving position control of a brushed DC motor with current feedback, a pulse-width modulated motor controller was designed. The output voltage is controlled by an analog reference signal and the magnitude of the output current and voltage are measured and output. These inputs and outputs are connected to a DAQ I/O-unit such that the lab experiment can be implemented digitally. In addition, defining equations for the whole system were derived. Comparison between measurements and model showed it possible to use the current as feedback if low-pass filtered and the angular displacement controlled over a small angular interval.

Είναι γνωστό ότι τα κυκλώματα των τελεστικών ενισχυτών (Op-Amps) είναι από τις βασικότερες δομικές βαθμίδες στον χώρο της σχεδίασης αναλογικών ολοκληρωμένων κυκλωμάτων. Μια εναλλακτική δομή του τελεστικού ενισχυτή αποτελεί το κύκλωμα ενός Current Feedback Operational Amplifier (CFOA). Ένας CFOA είναι ουσιαστικά ένας μεταφορέας ρεύματος (Current Conveyor-CCII) σε σειρά με έναν ακολουθητή τάσης (Voltage Follower), και είναι ιδιαιτέρως χρήσιμος κατά την σχεδίαση κυκλωμάτων χαμηλής τάσης τροφοδοσίας. Στην εργασία αυτή μελετήθηκαν τέσσερις δομές CFOA, σχεδιασμένες για λειτουργία με χαμηλή τάση τροφοδοσίας, και χρησιμοποιήθηκαν για τον σχεδιασμό φίλτρων με τις μεθόδους Leapfrog, τοπολογικής εξομοίωσης και κυματική. Στο πρώτο κεφάλαιο αναφέρονται οι γενικές αρχές που ισχύουν στην σχεδίαση κυκλωμάτων για λειτουργία με χαμηλή τάση τροφοδοσίας καθώς και τις πιο συχνά χρησιμοποιούμενες τεχνικές σχεδίασης. Στο δεύτερο κεφάλαιο μελετώνται αναλυτικά οι τέσσερις δομές CFOA συγκρίνοντας τους βασικότερους παράγοντες απόδοσής τους. Τα κυκλώματα των CFOA που μελετώνται βασίζονται σε πρόσφατα δημοσιευμένες δομές Current Conveyor (CCII). Στο τρίτο κεφάλαιο αναλύεται η μέθοδος σχεδίασης φίλτρων Leapfrog, και χρησιμοποιείται για την σχεδίαση ενός Butterworth φίλτρου 3ης τάξης. Ως δομική βαθμίδα για την σχεδίαση αυτού του φίλτρου χρησιμοποείται ο CFOA [2]. Το τρίτο κεφάλαιο ολοκληρώνεται με την παρουσίαση των βασικότερων παραγώντων απόδοσης. Στο τέταρτο κεφάλαιο παρουσιάζεται η τοπολογική μέθοδος σχεδίασης φίλτρων, στην οποία γίνεται τοπολογική αντικατάσταση πηνίου, σε παθητικό φίλτρο, από ισοδύναμο κύκλωμα με ενεργά στοιχεία. Και στην περίπτωση αυτή η δομική μονάδα σχεδιασμού είναι ο CFOA [2]. Στο πέμπτο κεφάλαιο παρουσιάζεται η σχεδίαση ενός Butterworth φίλτρου 3ης τάξης με την κυματική μέθοδο. Η σχεδίαση πραγματοποιήθηκε χρησιμοποιώντας ως δομική βαθμίδα τον CFOA [1]. Στο έκτο κεφάλαιο παρουσιάζεται η φυσική σχεδίαση (layout) του Butterworth φίλτρου 3ης τάξης που σχεδιάστηκε με την leapfrog μέθοδο στο τρίτο κεφάλαιο. Η φυσική σχεδίαση πραγματοποιήθηκε με την χρήση του λογισμικού Cadence και του περιβάλλοντος Virtuoso που περιλαμβάνει για την φυσική σχεδίαση αναλογικών ηλεκτρονικών κυκλωμάτων . Τέλος στο έβδομο κεφάλαιο γίνεται σύγκριση των αποτελεσμάτων εξομοίωσης των δομών CFOA’s αλλά και των αποτελεσμάτων εξομοίωσης των φίλτρων που σχεδιάστηκαν στα παραπάνω κεφάλαια . Επίσης παρουσιάζονται κάποιες προτάσεις για μελλοντική και περαιτέρω έρευνα. / Operational amplifier is one of most important analog building block. An alternative structure for operational amplifier is a Current Feedback Operational Amplifier (CFOA). A CFOA is essentially consists of a current conveyor (CCII) connecting with a Voltage Follower (VF). The usage of CFOA for the low-voltage analog IC design is quite useful. In this work four different CFOA structures, designed for low-voltage operation, were considered. Also the aforementioned CFOAs were used to build a butterworth filter with Leapfrog method, topological simulation method and wave method. In first chapter the basic design rules and the most common design techniques for low-voltage IC design is presented. In chapter 2 the four structures of CFOAs circuits were considered, under the light of comparison of most critical factors of operation. The CFOAs circuits were based in most resent published topologies of Current Conveyor (CCII). In chapter 3 the Leapfrog method for filters design was discussed. Also a 3rd order butterworth filter is designed based on this method. The CFOA of ref [2] is the main building lock to construct this filter. In chapter 4 another method for filter design is presented named topological simulation method. According to this method passive elements such as inductors and capacitors are replaced by active elements. The main building block is also CFOA of ref [2]. In Chapter 5 a 3rd order butterworth filter based on wave method is designed. In this case the main building block was the CFOA circuit of ref [1]. Chapter 6 presents the layout of the 3rd order butterworth filter which designed at chapter 3 with leapfrog method. The layout design was implemented using Virtuoso environment of Cadence design framework II platform. Chapter 7 conclude this work presenting the simulated comparison results for all four CFOAs circuits and the 3rd order butterworth filters that were designed with the three different methods. Some thoughts for further research in the this subject are also presented.