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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

A Transformada Discreta de Fourier no círculo finito ℤ/nℤ

Farias Filho, Antonio Pereira de 26 August 2016 (has links)
Submitted by ANA KARLA PEREIRA RODRIGUES (anakarla_@hotmail.com) on 2017-09-05T12:56:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2044930 bytes, checksum: 05bad0799c40d5bf256cf504f0a8b5ab (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by ANA KARLA PEREIRA RODRIGUES (anakarla_@hotmail.com) on 2017-09-05T15:29:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2044930 bytes, checksum: 05bad0799c40d5bf256cf504f0a8b5ab (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-05T15:29:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2044930 bytes, checksum: 05bad0799c40d5bf256cf504f0a8b5ab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / We will do here a theoretical study of the Discrete Fourier Transform on the finite circle ℤ/nℤ. Our main objective is to see if we can get properties analogous to those found in the Fourier transform for the continuous case. In this work we show that ℤ/nℤ has a ring structure, providing conditions for the development of extensively discussed topics in arithmetic, for example, The Chinese Remainder Theorem, Euler’s Phi Function and primitive roots, themes these to be dealt with in first chapter. The main subject of this study is developed in the second chapter, which define the space L2(ℤ/nℤ) and prove that this is a finite-dimensional inner product vector space, with an orthonormal basis. This fact is of utmost importance when we are determining the matrix and demonstrating the properties of the discrete Fourier transform. We will also make geometric interpretations of the Chinese Remainder Theorem and the finite circle ℤ/nℤ as well as give a graphical representation of the DFT of some functions that calculate. During the development of this study we will make recurrent use of definitions and results treated in Arithmetic, Algebra and Linear Algebra. / Faremos, aqui, um estudo teórico sobre a Transformada Discreta de Fourier no círculo finito ℤ/nℤ. Nosso principal objetivo é verificar se podemos obter propriedades análogas às encontradas nas transformadas de Fourier para o caso contínuo. Nesse trabalho mostraremos que ℤ/nℤ tem uma estrutura de anel, dando condições para o desenvolvimento de temas bastante discutidos na Aritmética como, por exemplo, o Teorema Chinês do Resto, função Phi de Euler e raízes primitivas, temas estes que serão tratados no primeiro capítulo. O assunto principal desse estudo é desenvolvido no segundo capítulo, onde definiremos o espaço L2(ℤ/nℤ) e provaremos que este é um espaço vetorial com produto interno, dimensão finita e uma base ortonormal. Tal fato será de extrema importância quando estivermos determinando a matriz e demonstrando as propriedades da transformada discreta de Fourier. Também faremos interpretações geométricas do Teorema Chinês do Resto e do círculo finito ℤ/nℤ assim como daremos a representação gráfica da DFT de algumas funções que calcularemos. Durante o desenvolvimento desse estudo faremos uso recorrente de definições e resultados tratados na Aritmética, Álgebra e Álgebra Linear.
12

Aproximações da diagonal e anéis de cohomologia dos grupos fundamentais das superfícies, de fibrados do toro e de certos grupos virtualmente cíclicos / Diagonal approximations and cohomology rings for the fundamental groups of surfaces, torus bundles and some virtually cyclic groups

Sergio Tadao Martins 28 November 2012 (has links)
Dado um grupo G, a definição dos grupos de cohomologia com coeficientes em um ZG-módulo M podem ser dadas usando as técnicas usuais da Álgebra Homológica, que garantem a existência de resoluções projetivas P de Z como um ZG-módulo trivial, a equivalência entre resoluções distintas etc. Podemos também construir o produto cup em cohomologia, cuja definição depende de uma aproximação da diagonal para a resolução projetiva P. Entretanto, o cálculo explicito de tais resoluções e dos grupos de cohomologia pode ser bastante difícil na prática, e ainda mais difícil a obtenção de uma aproximação da diagonal. Nesta tese, obteremos resoluções livres e aproximações da diagonal para os grupos fundamentais das superfícies que são espaços K(G,1) e também para o grupo fundamental de fibrados do toro com base S^1, bem como a estrutura de anel de cohomologia de tais grupos. Ainda, para certos grupos virtualmente cíclicos G, obteremos o anel de cohomologia calculando diretamente uma resolução livre e uma aproximação da diagonal, ou então usando a sequência espectral de Lyndon-Hochschild-Serre. A motivação para o estudo da primeira família de grupos vem do fato de representarem variedades de dimensão 2 e 3, e da segunda família por ser constituída de grupos que atuam em esferas de homotopia. / Given a group G, a definition for its cohomology groups with coefficients in a given ZG-module M can be given using the standard techniques of Homological Algebra, that ensure the existence of projective resolutions P of Z as a trivial ZG-module, the equivalence between two such resolutions etc . We can also construct the cup product, whose definition depends on a diagonal approximation for a given projective resolution P. However, the explicit computation of such resolutions and of the cohomology groups may be very hard in practice, and even worse may be the task of constructing a diagonal approximation. In this thesis, we obtain free resolutions and diagonal approximations for the fundamental groups of surfaces that are K(G,1) spaces and for the fundamental group of the torus bundle with the circle as the base space, as well as the structure of the cohomology ring of these groups. Also, for some virtually cyclic groups, we obtain the cohomology ring by an explicit computation of a free resolution and a diagonal approximation, or by the Lyndon-Hochschild-Serre spectral sequence. The motivation for the study of the first family of groups comes from the fact that such groups represent manifolds of dimension 2 and 3, and the groups of the second family act on homotopy spheres.
13

Visualisation, navigation and mathematical perception: a visual notation for rational numbers mod1

Tolmie, Julie, julie.tolmie@techbc.ca January 2000 (has links)
There are three main results in this dissertation. The first result is the construction of an abstract visual space for rational numbers mod1, based on the visual primitives, colour, and rational radial direction. Mathematics is performed in this visual notation by defining increasingly refined visual objects from these primitives. In particular, the existence of the Farey tree enumeration of rational numbers mod1 is identified in the texture of a two-dimensional animation. ¶ The second result is a new enumeration of the rational numbers mod1, obtained, and expressed, in abstract visual space, as the visual object coset waves of coset fans on the torus. Its geometry is shown to encode a countably infinite tree structure, whose branches are cosets, nZ+m, where n, m (and k) are integers. These cosets are in geometrical 1-1 correspondence with sequences kn+m, (of denominators) of rational numbers, and with visual subobjects of the torus called coset fans. ¶ The third result is an enumeration in time of the visual hierarchy of the discrete buds of the Mandelbrot boundary by coset waves of coset fans. It is constructed by embedding the circular Farey tree geometrically into the empty internal region of the Mandelbrot set. In particular, coset fans attached to points of the (internal) binary tree index countably infinite sequences of buds on the (external) Mandelbrot boundary.

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