The aim of this study is to explore whether Fratelli d’Italia can be classified as a populist radical right party based on their 2022 electoral manifesto. This thesis puts much emphasis on reviewing the existing literature on the understanding and definition of the populist radical right and the radical right. This is since the concept itself has been written extensively on with many different definitions and terminology existing in the scholarly field. Due to this confusion in how to define the concept this study will explain the chosen definition of the populist radical right applied in this thesis in depth.  This thesis will apply Mudde’s (2007) definition of the populist radical with the main ideological attributes being: authoritarianism, nativism and, populism.  The selected method for this study is qualitative content analysis (QCA) which will operationalize the ideological attributes of the populist radical right into main – and subcategories that will guide the analysis of FdI’s 2022 manifesto. The findings from analysing the party’s 2022 manifesto will show that the party can still be assigned to the populist radical right, although, with a revised tone compared to previous manifestos issued from FdI. The result of this study contributes to existing research on contemporary Italian politics and to the study of ideologies.

La tesi ha ad oggetto lo studio della funzione di controllo del collegio sindacale nelle società bancarie. L’evoluzione del sistema dei controlli interni, quale processo che ricomprende le funzioni di compliance, risk management e internal audit, ha una notevole influenza sul ruolo svolto dal collegio sindacale delle banche, anche a seguito delle recenti Disposizioni di Vigilanza di Banca d’Italia, che hanno recepito istanze internazionali volte ad incrementare il ruolo del sistema dei controlli interni. La tesi affronta, inoltre, punti cruciali del tema, quali la natura del controllo del collegio sindacale e il rapporto “funzionale” esistente tra il collegio sindacale e Banca d’Italia. / The aim of the paper is the study of the control function of the “collegio sindacale” (the auditor board typical of the Italian corporate governance model) in banks. The evolution of the internal control system, as a process that includes compliance, risk management and internal audit, has an important influence on the role played by the collegio sindacale in banks, also because of the recently issued Disposizioni di Vigilanza issued by Bank of Italy. The Disposizioni have got from the international regulations the incremental importance of the internal control system. Furthermore, the dissertation deals with some crucial points on the subject, like the nature of collegio sindacale’s control function and the functions relationship between the collegio and the Bank of Italy.

Il sistema scolastico meridionale, nel periodo 1806 - 1861, presenta gradi di efficienza diversi per ciascuno dei tre comparti dell’istruzione qui considerati (istruzione primaria, agraria e secondaria). Per quanto riguarda la scuola primaria, si evidenzia una realtà molto fragile, imputabile principalmente alla povertà dei comuni, che dovevano sopportare i relativi costi. Per i docenti, erano previsti bassissimi livelli stipendiali, che si traducevano in competenze inadeguate. Per quanto riguarda l’istruzione agraria, il governo ebbe il merito di diffonderla in tutto il Regno nel 1840, nel contesto di un organico progetto di riforma. Le scuole di agricoltura si segnalarono tuttavia per una attivazione solo parziale e per un funzionamento incerto, afflitto dai medesimi problemi riscontrabili nella scuola primaria: povertà di risorse, carenza di insegnanti, precari edifici scolastici. In riferimento all’istruzione superiore, il quadro è differente. Collegi e licei possedevano infatti un finanziamento misto, derivante in parte da fondi provinciali e comunali, e in parte dalle rette dei convittori. Le più solide basi economiche consentirono un’ampia offerta didattica, che spaziava fino ai corsi universitari. Quanto ai docenti, a differenza di ciò che accadeva nella scuola primaria, le retribuzioni erano assolutamente dignitose, e questo si traduceva in un’elevata professionalità. / The educational system of Southern Italy since 1806 to 1861 presents different levels of efficiency for any of the three branches of education taken into consideration in this research (primary school, secondary school and schools of agriculture). As for primary school, it was a very frail system, mainly due to the poverty of municipalities, which, according to the law, had to support it. Teachers used to have poor salaries, and, as a consequence, had few skills. As regards the schools of agriculture, the government tried to establish them in the whole Kingdom in 1840, according to a organic government bill. Anyway these schools arose only in one third of the municipalities, and had serious problems, such as scarcity of resources, lack of teachers, and badly-furnished buildings. As for secondary school, the situation is very different. Colleges were financed not only by municipalities and local governments, but also by boarders. Sounder economic bases meant a wide supply of courses, sometimes ranging to university disciplines. Unlike their colleagues of primary school, teachers had relatively good salaries, and, consequently, good professional skills.