In order to develop a criteria for the design of student housing, student satisfaction with their current dormitory environment and student preferences for various features, facilities, and living arrangements in dormitories were investigated. The participants in the study were 180 female students at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University during the spring quarter of 1973. Total satisfaction scores were computed for the current dormitory environment. These scores were examined in relation to age, year in college, college of major, percentage of college expenses paid by student, length of residence in dormitory, family income, population of hometown, and type of housing prior to college. The desirability of off-campus housing was analyzed in relation to satisfaction score, age, year in college, and college of curriculum. Satisfaction with the current dormitory environment was also examined in relation to preference for various types of off-campus housing. Student preferences for various features in the dormitory were obtained, and whenever possible, were examined in relation to age, year in college, and college of curriculum. The design criteria was developed on the basis of student preferences as reported in this study. A description of the experimental situation, procedure, instrument, and statistical analysis are included. / M.S.

This paper analyses the structure of the European income inequality by a decompo-sition in a within- and between-component. It illustrates a replication of the work of Beblo and Knaus (Rev Income Wealth 47(3):301-333, 2001) and decomposes the income inequality for the EU-28 in 2014 by using data from the European Survey on Income and Living Conditions. The Theil index is applied to additively decom-pose the sources of inequality into a within- and between-component by countries, country groups and demographic groups. This is done by using equivalised dispos-able household income and income before transfers and taxes. The results show that inequality, with regard to disposable income, is highest for households with house-hold heads older than 59 years and lowest for households with children. Moreover, high income countries have lower inequality, higher social expenditures and show a stronger relative reduction of income inequality after transfers and taxes than low income countries. On country group level, Social-Democratic countries have the lowest income inequality and redistribute most, while the opposite holds true for Baltic countries.

The paper investigates how including the distribution of wealth changes the demand effects of redistributing functional income. It develops a model with an endogenous wealth distribution and shows that the endogenous rise in wealth inequality resulting from a redistribution towards profits weakens the growth effects of this redistribution. Consequently, a wage-led regime becomes more strongly wage-led. A profit-led regime on the other hand becomes less profit-led and there may even be a regime switch - in this case the short-run profit-led economy becomes wage-led in the long run due to the endogenous effects of wealth inequality. The paper thereby provides a possible explanation for the instability of demand regimes over time. / Series: Ecological Economic Papers

Series: INEQ Working Paper Series

Neste trabalho é apresentado um estudo sobre a produção e caracterização do nitreto de alumínio (AlN) obtido pela técnica de r.f. Magnetron Sputtering reativo. Aqui reportamos o efeito dos parâmetros de deposição, como densidade de potência de r.f., temperatura e pressão de processo nas propriedades estruturais, morfológicas e elétricas dos filmes de AlN obtidos. Foram realizados estudos sobre os modos vibracionais, pela técnica de espectroscopia de infravermelho por transformada de Fourier (FTIR), das orientações cristalográficas por difração de raios X e da morfologia da superfície pela técnica de microscopia de força atômica (AFM). Estes estudos nos permitiram produzir filmes finos de AlN com uma alta orientação na direção cristalográfica [002] com uma potência de r.f. de 1,23 W/cm2 , uma temperatura de deposição de 200°C e uma pressão de processo de 2 mTorr. Este estudo nos permitiu fabricar filmes de AlN com alta orientação [002] à temperatura ambiente a partir de um alvo de Al. O coeficiente piezoelétrico d33 variou de aproximadamente 4 a 6 pm/V e o d31 2 a 3 pm/V para filmes cristalinos e d33 3 pm/V e d31 1,5 pm/V para filmes amorfos. Os coeficientes piezoelétricos d33 and d31 foram estimados pelo método capacitivo proposto por Mahmoud Al Ahmad and Robert Plana, através da variação das dimensões geométricas induzidas pelo campo elétrico aplicado. / In this work we present a study about the production and characterization of aluminum nitride (AlN) obtained by r.f. Reactive Magnetron Sputtering. Here we report the effect of the deposition parameters, such as r.f. power density, and deposition temperature and pressure, on the morphological, structural and electrical properties of the obtained AlN thin films. In this work we have performed studies concerning the vibrational modes by Fourier Transform Infrared Absorption technique (FTIR), the crystallographic orientations by X-ray diffraction and the surface morphology by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). This study allowed us to produce high oriented [002] AlN thin films with a r.f. power density of 1.23 W/cm2, a deposition temperature of 200ºC and a process pressure of 2 mTorr. This study allowed us to produce high oriented [002] AlN thin films at room temperature from a pure Al target. The piezoelectric coefficient d33 was around 4 to 6 pm/V and d31 2 to 3 pm/V to crystalline films and d33 3 pm/V and d31 1.5 pm/V amorphous ones. d33 and d31 piezoelectric coefficients were estimated by the capacitive method proposed by Mahmoud Al Ahmad and Robert Plana, through its geometrical dimensions variation.

Neste trabalho é apresentado um estudo sobre a produção e caracterização do nitreto de alumínio (AlN) obtido pela técnica de r.f. Magnetron Sputtering reativo. Aqui reportamos o efeito dos parâmetros de deposição, como densidade de potência de r.f., temperatura e pressão de processo nas propriedades estruturais, morfológicas e elétricas dos filmes de AlN obtidos. Foram realizados estudos sobre os modos vibracionais, pela técnica de espectroscopia de infravermelho por transformada de Fourier (FTIR), das orientações cristalográficas por difração de raios X e da morfologia da superfície pela técnica de microscopia de força atômica (AFM). Estes estudos nos permitiram produzir filmes finos de AlN com uma alta orientação na direção cristalográfica [002] com uma potência de r.f. de 1,23 W/cm2 , uma temperatura de deposição de 200°C e uma pressão de processo de 2 mTorr. Este estudo nos permitiu fabricar filmes de AlN com alta orientação [002] à temperatura ambiente a partir de um alvo de Al. O coeficiente piezoelétrico d33 variou de aproximadamente 4 a 6 pm/V e o d31 2 a 3 pm/V para filmes cristalinos e d33 3 pm/V e d31 1,5 pm/V para filmes amorfos. Os coeficientes piezoelétricos d33 and d31 foram estimados pelo método capacitivo proposto por Mahmoud Al Ahmad and Robert Plana, através da variação das dimensões geométricas induzidas pelo campo elétrico aplicado. / In this work we present a study about the production and characterization of aluminum nitride (AlN) obtained by r.f. Reactive Magnetron Sputtering. Here we report the effect of the deposition parameters, such as r.f. power density, and deposition temperature and pressure, on the morphological, structural and electrical properties of the obtained AlN thin films. In this work we have performed studies concerning the vibrational modes by Fourier Transform Infrared Absorption technique (FTIR), the crystallographic orientations by X-ray diffraction and the surface morphology by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). This study allowed us to produce high oriented [002] AlN thin films with a r.f. power density of 1.23 W/cm2, a deposition temperature of 200ºC and a process pressure of 2 mTorr. This study allowed us to produce high oriented [002] AlN thin films at room temperature from a pure Al target. The piezoelectric coefficient d33 was around 4 to 6 pm/V and d31 2 to 3 pm/V to crystalline films and d33 3 pm/V and d31 1.5 pm/V amorphous ones. d33 and d31 piezoelectric coefficients were estimated by the capacitive method proposed by Mahmoud Al Ahmad and Robert Plana, through its geometrical dimensions variation.

This paper estimates rates of return across the gross wealth distribution in eight European countries. Like differential saving rates, differential rates of return matter for Post Keynesian theory, because they impact the income and wealth distribution and add an explosive element to growth models. We show that differential rates of return matter empirically by merging data on household balance sheets with long-run returns for individual asset categories. We find that (1) the composition of wealth differentiates between three socioeconomic groups: 30% are asset-poor, 65% are middle-class home owners, and the top 5% are business-owning capitalists; (2) rates of return rise across all groups; and (3) rates of return broadly follow a log-shaped function across the distribution, where inequality in the lower half of the distribution is higher than in the upper half. If socioeconomic groups are collapsed into the bottom 95% workers and top 5% capitalists, then rates of return are 5.6% for the former and 7.2% for the latter. / Series: Ecological Economic Papers

This paper estimates rates of return across the gross wealth distribution in eight European countries. Like differential saving rates, differential rates of return matter for Post Keynesian theory, because they impact the income and wealth distribution and add an explosive element to growth models. We show that differential rates of return matter empirically by merging data on household balance sheets with long-run returns for individual asset categories. We find that (1) the composition of wealth differentiates between three socioeconomic groups: 30% are asset-poor, 65% are middle-class home owners, and the top 5% are business-owning capitalists; (2) rates of return rise across all groups; and (3) rates of return broadly follow a log-shaped function across the distribution, where inequality in the lower half of the distribution is higher than in the upper half. If socioeconomic groups are collapsed into the bottom 95% workers and top 5% capitalists, then rates of return are 5.6% for the former and 7.2% for the latter. / Series: Ecological Economic Papers