Daily rhythms occur in numerous physiological and behavioral processes across an immense diversity of taxa, but there remain few cases in which mechanistic links between rhythms of trait expression and organismal fitness have been established. We construct a dynamic optimization model to determine whether risk allocation provides an adaptive explanation for the daily foraging rhythm observed in many species using the orb-weaving spider Cyclosa turbinata as a case study. Our model predicts that female C. turbinata should generally start foraging at lower levels of energy reserves (i.e., should be less bold) during midday when predators are most abundant. We also find that individuals’ foraging efficacy determines whether daily rates of encounters with predators or prey more strongly influences boldness under high risk. The qualitative model predictions are robust to variation in our parameter estimates and likely apply to a wide range of taxa. The predictions are also consistent with observed patterns of foraging behavior under both laboratory and field conditions. We discuss the implications of our study for understanding the evolution of daily rhythms and the importance of model predictions for interpreting empirical studies and generating additional hypotheses regarding behavioral evolution.

The aim of this diploma thesis is to evaluate the impacts of tourism on the historical centre of Kutna Hora. Several methods have been used to reach this aim. The statistical data has been analysed in order to develop an idea about the city and calculate measurable indicators of tourism influence. The main part of the thesis consists of the identification of tourist function in the historical centre, by mapping the current functions of houses and analysis of the accompanying effects of the touristification. Observation of the daily rhythm of the centre enriches the research with the composition of its users and the time dimension. The quality of site management and the impacts of tourism connected with the World Heritage List inscription are examined by evaluating targets of the management plan and exploration of UNESCO monitoring reports. Interviews with local residents of Kutna Hora investigate their own attitudes towards tourism in their town and verify the acquired findings. Keywords: Kutna Hora, impacts of tourism, touristification, tourist function, daily rhythm, historical centre, UNESCO

An object of this diploma thesis is a study of daily rhythms of municipalities in the Central Bohemian Region. The aim is to bring new insights into the daily rhythms of the suburban zone of the Prague Metropolitan Area and the Central Bohemian Region. The work has three main objectives. The first objective is to create a typology of the Central Bohemian municipalities according to their daily rhythms. Mobile phone location data is used to create the typology. There was used a method called cluster analysis. The second objective is to evaluate the daily rhythms in selected municipalities (Kněževes, Ořech, Tochovice) in detail with other data (mobile phone location data from Prague Institute of Planning and Development and commuting data from the Census 2011). Using these sources, I want to highlight the obstacles, but also the benefits of using mobile phone location data in studying of daily rhythms. The last objective is to describe in these three municipalities the pacemakers which influent their timing. The results show that in the Central Bohemian region dominate municipalities with a residential type of daily rhythm. Most of these municipalities are located in the suburban zone of Prague, while in other municipalities of the Central Bohemian region is the rhythm often almost balanced. Large...

The main objektive of my thesis is a knowledge of social environment of prague district Karlín, one of the most dynamic part of inner Prague, which is undergoing a transformation of a physical, funcional and social structure. The concept of social environment is used in this work, whereby the social environment is consisted of a social structure and a social climate of a locality. By an analyse of the social, physical and funcional structure and a research of daily rhythms it tries to identify main pacemakers, to deeply learn about proceses and key moments during the day, which structurated the locality, and to capture social groups of users of the locality. The research is focused on three selected basic administrative units: 'Karlín - západ', 'Rohanský ostrov' and 'Za Invalidovnou'. Each of these localities has its own daily rhythm, which is structurated by the resident population and the temporarily present population,and different social environments, which influence each other, are dependent on each other and create the whole character of the prague district Karlín.The work tries to deepen and criticaly evaluate a current metodology. Keywords Karlín, Prague, social environment, social climate, social structure, daily rhythm, pacemaker, locality, mobility, time geography.