Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-12T14:47:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vanessa _Taques Batista.pdf: 1631976 bytes, checksum: 3a24db303da25827a7f7b853df1cdc7b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-22 / The physiological quality of seeds is necessary for the success of rural activity condition. The soybean crop is the main crop sown in Brazil, which is one of the largest producers and exporters of this product. Despite the success of soybean in Brazil, it is still possible to observe, in rural properties in Cascavel, state of Paraná, the use of saved soybean seeds (named in this work as seeds for own consumption), grains that farmers keep with them for the next year sowing. In this attempt to reduce the cost process, the producer makes the treatment of seeds for own consumption with pesticides on his own farm, with the aid of an instrument called metal drum. This is meant to shelter the seeds and pesticides and, with a mechanical circular motion, distribute the defensives over the seeds. The objective of this study was evaluating the physiological quality of soybean seeds for own consumption under treatment in metal drums through germination, vigor tests and identification of mechanical damage. The experimental design was completely randomized, factorial 2 X 3 with three cultivars and two treatments: one with and another without treatment in drums. Means were compared statistically by Tukey test at 5% of probability. In the germination test, the N5909 and Apollo cultivars with treatment in drums had higher percentages of normal seedlings, but it was less than 80%. For vigor tests, treatments in drums exhibited higher percentage of abnormal and dead seedlings, indicating that, under stress conditions, damage to the seeds treated in metal drums have influence on the physiological quality of seeds. In the tetrazolium test for identifying damages, all three treated cultivars had mechanical damage. Thus, the seed for own consumption treated in drums showed low vigor and presence of mechanical damage. The seed for own consumption that has not been subjected to the treatment also showed low vigor, but also had lower mechanical damage when compared to the seeds who received treatment. / A qualidade fisiológica de sementes é condição necessária para o sucesso da atividade agrícola. A soja é a principal cultura semeada no Brasil, que é um dos maiores produtores mundiais e exportadores deste produto. Apesar do sucesso da cultura da soja no Brasil, ainda é possível observar, nas propriedades rurais do município de Cascavel PR, o uso de sementes de soja salvas (denominadas neste trabalho como sementes para consumo próprio), ou seja, grãos que os produtores rurais guardam para fazer a semeadura no próximo ano. Neste processo de tentativa de redução de custos, o produtor faz o tratamento das sementes de consumo próprio com defensivos na própria propriedade rural, com auxílio de um instrumento denominado tambor metálico, cuja função é abrigar as sementes e os defensivos e, em um movimento mecânico circular, distribuir os defensivos sobre as sementes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade fisiológica de sementes para consumo próprio de soja, submetidas ao tratamento em tambores metálicos, por meio dos testes de germinação, testes de vigor e identificação de danos mecânicos nos grãos. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 3 X 2, com três cultivares e dois tratamentos: com e sem tratamento em tambores. As médias foram comparadas estatisticamente pelo teste de Tukey, a 5% de probabilidade. No teste de germinação, os cultivares N5909 e Apollo, com tratamento em tambores, apresentaram maior porcentagem de plântulas normais, porém, inferior a 80%. Para os testes de vigor, os tratamentos em tambores apresentaram maiores médias de plântulas anormais e mortas, indicando que, em condição de estresse, os danos provocados nas sementes tratadas em tambores metálicos influenciam em sua qualidade fisiológica. No teste de tetrazólio para a identificação de danos, as três cultivares tratadas apresentaram danos mecânicos. Desta forma, a semente para consumo próprio tratada em tambor apresentou baixo vigor e presença de danos mecânicos. A semente para consumo próprio que não foi submetida ao tratamento também apresentou baixo vigor, porém apresentaram danos mecânicos

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T19:23:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vanessa _Taques Batista.pdf: 1631976 bytes, checksum: 3a24db303da25827a7f7b853df1cdc7b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-22 / The physiological quality of seeds is necessary for the success of rural activity condition. The soybean crop is the main crop sown in Brazil, which is one of the largest producers and exporters of this product. Despite the success of soybean in Brazil, it is still possible to observe, in rural properties in Cascavel, state of Paraná, the use of saved soybean seeds (named in this work as seeds for own consumption), grains that farmers keep with them for the next year sowing. In this attempt to reduce the cost process, the producer makes the treatment of seeds for own consumption with pesticides on his own farm, with the aid of an instrument called metal drum. This is meant to shelter the seeds and pesticides and, with a mechanical circular motion, distribute the defensives over the seeds. The objective of this study was evaluating the physiological quality of soybean seeds for own consumption under treatment in metal drums through germination, vigor tests and identification of mechanical damage. The experimental design was completely randomized, factorial 2 X 3 with three cultivars and two treatments: one with and another without treatment in drums. Means were compared statistically by Tukey test at 5% of probability. In the germination test, the N5909 and Apollo cultivars with treatment in drums had higher percentages of normal seedlings, but it was less than 80%. For vigor tests, treatments in drums exhibited higher percentage of abnormal and dead seedlings, indicating that, under stress conditions, damage to the seeds treated in metal drums have influence on the physiological quality of seeds. In the tetrazolium test for identifying damages, all three treated cultivars had mechanical damage. Thus, the seed for own consumption treated in drums showed low vigor and presence of mechanical damage. The seed for own consumption that has not been subjected to the treatment also showed low vigor, but also had lower mechanical damage when compared to the seeds who received treatment. / A qualidade fisiológica de sementes é condição necessária para o sucesso da atividade agrícola. A soja é a principal cultura semeada no Brasil, que é um dos maiores produtores mundiais e exportadores deste produto. Apesar do sucesso da cultura da soja no Brasil, ainda é possível observar, nas propriedades rurais do município de Cascavel PR, o uso de sementes de soja salvas (denominadas neste trabalho como sementes para consumo próprio), ou seja, grãos que os produtores rurais guardam para fazer a semeadura no próximo ano. Neste processo de tentativa de redução de custos, o produtor faz o tratamento das sementes de consumo próprio com defensivos na própria propriedade rural, com auxílio de um instrumento denominado tambor metálico, cuja função é abrigar as sementes e os defensivos e, em um movimento mecânico circular, distribuir os defensivos sobre as sementes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade fisiológica de sementes para consumo próprio de soja, submetidas ao tratamento em tambores metálicos, por meio dos testes de germinação, testes de vigor e identificação de danos mecânicos nos grãos. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 3 X 2, com três cultivares e dois tratamentos: com e sem tratamento em tambores. As médias foram comparadas estatisticamente pelo teste de Tukey, a 5% de probabilidade. No teste de germinação, os cultivares N5909 e Apollo, com tratamento em tambores, apresentaram maior porcentagem de plântulas normais, porém, inferior a 80%. Para os testes de vigor, os tratamentos em tambores apresentaram maiores médias de plântulas anormais e mortas, indicando que, em condição de estresse, os danos provocados nas sementes tratadas em tambores metálicos influenciam em sua qualidade fisiológica. No teste de tetrazólio para a identificação de danos, as três cultivares tratadas apresentaram danos mecânicos. Desta forma, a semente para consumo próprio tratada em tambor apresentou baixo vigor e presença de danos mecânicos. A semente para consumo próprio que não foi submetida ao tratamento também apresentou baixo vigor, porém apresentaram danos mecânicos

In this thesis, quantitative risk assessment study of several oil field transportation lines that belong to a private oil production company located in S. East Turkey has been conducted. In order to achieve this goal, first primary risk drivers were identified. Then relative ranking of all pipeline segments were conducted. Quantitative risk assessment was based on Monte Carlo simulations and a relative scoring index approach. In these simulations frequency of occurrence of pipeline failures for different oil field pipeline systems was used. Consequences of failures were also based on historical data gathered from the same oil fields. Results of corrosion rate calculations in oil and water pipeline systems were also reported. iv Most significant failures are identified as corrosion, third party damage, mechanical failure, operational failure, weather effect and sabotage. It was suggested that in order to reduce corrosion rate, thin metal sheets must be inserted in pipelines. Aluminum sheets (anodes) must be used to reduce corrosion rate in water pipeline system. The required number of anodes was calculated as 266 for BE field water pipeline (the life of anode is 1.28 years), 959 for KA water pipelines system (the life of anode is 3.2 years.) and 992 for KW water pipelines (the life of anode is approximately 2 years). Furthermore high risk pipeline segments for further assessment were identified. As a result of Monte Carlo simulations, the highest risk was observed in return lines followed by flow lines, water lines and trunk lines. The most risky field was field BE for which the risk value in trunk lines were the highest followed by flow lines. Field SA was the second risky region for flow lines and it was followed by KU region. Field KA was forth-risky. Prioritization of maintenance activities was suggested and areas of missing or incomplete data were identified.