Multi-hull vessels have been considered for high-speed, military and commercial applications for decades. More recently the trimaran vessel, with three hulls, has captured interest among naval ship designers and stakeholders. A definition of multi-hulls is introduced as a continuum with monohulls on one end, catamarans on the other, and trimarans in-between. A review of methods to assess intact and damaged stability follows in addition to an overview of current research in the area of dynamic stability for monohulls and trimarans. An investigation of intact stability characteristics for multi-hulls along the continuum is presented and their trends are examined. Next, a series of trimaran configurations are modeled in CAD with subdivision to determine their allowable KG according to USN deterministic criteria and using quasi-static methods. A response surface model was determined for allowable KG as a function of center hull length to beam, side hull beam to draft, transverse position, and displacement for use as a rule of thumb measure and potential optimization constraint. / Master of Science

M.Ed. / This study focuses on the role of the medico-legal team, and the educational psychologist in particular, towards the family whose child has survived Traumatic Brain Injury through an involvement in a motor vehicle accident. In South Africa there is a high incidence of motor vehicle accidents. This incidence, adversely affects families, emotionally, socially and economically. Research has shown that the incidence of Traumatic Brain injury (TBI) is higher in South Africa than the worldwide average as compared to other developing countries. This prevalence is confirmed by the Road Accident Fund, a government entity that is responsible for compensating victims of negligent road users that approximately 10 000 people die and 150 000 sustain injuries in South African roads every year. The study was conducted as an attempt to answer the research question: What is the experience of a family whose child has sustained a Traumatic Brain Injury? The envisaged outcomes of the research would then assist the researcher to offer recommendations for educational psychologists working with children who had survived TBI and their families, aimed addressing the needs of such families. The research paradigm emanates from a systemic view. It is a qualitative case study, drawn from a particular selected family, as a unit of study. Data was collected through unstructured interviews, and interviews were audio-taped and transcribed. Other sources of data were collected from hospital records, psychological records and letters from the school to be used as supporting evidence. The findings of the study suggest that families are subject to shock of the trauma, that they experience loss, they grieve for a lost one and have to cope with daily frustration, when their child survives a Traumatic Brain Injury. Recommendations have been drawn to provide a sound framework for educational psychologists who work with families whose children has experienced TBI. / Mrs. J.V. Fourie

Changsha city in Hunan province, China. Place: Changsha Center Hospital, Hunan province. City Area: 11,819 square kilometers City population: 714.66 million   I watched the whole process of chest drainage surgery, introduced by Yang Jicheng, who is a thoracic surgeon attending doctor at this capital. During the field research in China, I also had research opportunity of chest drainage management, mostly performed by nurses, where I found out lots of design opportunities about the Chong canister, which was the most popular chest drainage canister used all over the  China Then I went back to Umea, Sweden, met Fredrik Homner who is a thoracic surgery doctor working in Norrlands University Hospital for almost 30 years. I told him what I saw in China and we exchanged lots of opinion about chest drainage. I realized that Chinese chest drainage patients were suffering unnecessary pain from outmoded equipment, which in Sweden they had already updated since 20 years ago. Whit help of Fredrik Holmner, I had opportunity to watch the whole process of pulmonary resection and endoscope technical, the focus of this process was the insertion of chest drainage tube at the end of this 5 hours surgery. After I had seen so many materials related to chest drainage, I found out my design focus, which was the Maquet Oasis Drain,  that had been recognized as the most advanced chest drainage equipment in the world and had been widely used in Europe and United States.

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This thesis develops a method to analyze the roll response of a vessel during a damaged (flooded) scenario. This was done by developing a time-domain method in which the damaged compartment was flooding while the ship is simultaneously subjected to a seaway. The KRISO containership was used as a test hull and was subjected to three flooding conditions. These flooding conditions involved flooding Hold 5, Hold 3, and Hold 1 separately. Newmark’s Beta method for linear acceleration was used to solve the roll motion of equation in which the hydrodynamic coefficients A44, B44, and C44 were predetermined from linear strip theory for various drafts and trim angles. The roll response in the transient flooding state and the steady state, after flooding ceased (fully damaged state), while in wave action was simulated and plotted. The amplitudes from the initial and damaged steady states were recorded at the given wave frequency and wave amplitude, to generate the roll response amplitude operators for the vessel from wave frequency ω = 0.1 rad/s to ω = 2.1 rad/s. Analysis of the RAO curves revealed that the KRISO was not made significantly more unstable by the flooding, for the conditions that were considered, for nearly all wave frequencies except the natural frequency of 0.5 rad/s.

This research work presents a fault-tolerant flight guidance and control framework to deal with damaged aircraft. Damaged scenarios include the loss of thrust, actuator malfunction and airframe damage. The developed framework objective is to ensure that damaged aircraft can be stabilized and controlled at all times. The guidance system is responsible for providing the airspeed, vertical and horizontal flight path angle commands while considering aircraft dynamics. The control system, designed by the nonlinear state-dependent Riccati equation (SDRE) control method, is used to track the guidance commands and to stabilize the damaged aircraft. The versatility of SDRE allows it to passively adapt to the aircraft parameter variations due to damage. A novel nonlinear adaptive control law is proposed to improve the controller performance. The new control law demonstrated improved tracking ability. The framework is implemented on the nonlinear Boeing 747 and NASA Generic Transport Model (GTM) to investigate the simulation results.

This research work presents a fault-tolerant flight guidance and control framework to deal with damaged aircraft. Damaged scenarios include the loss of thrust, actuator malfunction and airframe damage. The developed framework objective is to ensure that damaged aircraft can be stabilized and controlled at all times. The guidance system is responsible for providing the airspeed, vertical and horizontal flight path angle commands while considering aircraft dynamics. The control system, designed by the nonlinear state-dependent Riccati equation (SDRE) control method, is used to track the guidance commands and to stabilize the damaged aircraft. The versatility of SDRE allows it to passively adapt to the aircraft parameter variations due to damage. A novel nonlinear adaptive control law is proposed to improve the controller performance. The new control law demonstrated improved tracking ability. The framework is implemented on the nonlinear Boeing 747 and NASA Generic Transport Model (GTM) to investigate the simulation results.

M.A. / As medical technology and procedures continue to improve, traumatically brain injured persons who previously would not have lived through their injuries are managing to survive. The traumatically brain-injured person must learn to cope with the profound physical, cognitive, emotional, and personality changes that are produced from brain trauma. Within the family system, the members reciprocally influence one another. Major events that occur within the family system have an immense effect on the family relationships, dynamics, roles, and expectations. A traumatic brain injury, with its sudden onset and the inherent uncertainty regarding recovery and rehabilitation, can have a devastating effect on the family as a whole, and upon its individual members. Research on the familial effects of a member’s traumatic brain injury portrays a bleak image of the family in the aftermath of TBI, and for years afterwards. Grief, anger, guilt, blame, loneliness, depression, and isolation are often reported in the literature. The literature focuses mainly on the primary caregiver, usually the spouse of the TBI person, or the parent of a TBI child. Limited research has been conducted regarding the psychological effects on the offspring of parents who sustain traumatic brain injuries. Surely, children and adolescents will feel the effects of a parent’s brain injury differently than a spouse would. However the actual experience as perceived by the offspring has been neglected in research thus far. Adolescents were the focus of the current study. Being in a time of transition between childhood and adulthood, it was thought that they would experience the effects of a parental brain injury differently than younger children or adults within the family would. The existential-phenomenological approach employed as the research methodology allowed for a rich, in depth understanding of the adolescents as beings-in-the-world interpreting their own experiences of having a traumatically brain-injured parent. Six adolescent offspring of traumatically brain-injured parents were sourced from Headway Gauteng, and interviewed for the study. The four interviews that were used for the intense phenomenological analysis were transcribed verbatim. Themes were derived from the experience of each participant, and then integrated and related to the relevant available literature and within the wider context of existential phenomenology, in order to arrive at an in-depth understanding of the adolescent experience of a parent’s traumatic brain injury. The phenomenon of parental traumatic brain injury in the lifeworlds of the adolescents was characterized by numerous themes. Adolescents experienced (to varying degrees) denial, anger, grief, guilt, and anxiety. There was a tendency towards overprotectiveness of the injured parent, resulting in the parentification of the adolescents. Loneliness and a sense that nobody could understand their feelings were particularly strong themes, perhaps exacerbated by the importance of conformity during the adolescent period. Furthermore, the adolescents experienced drastic changes in their lives following their parents’ traumatic brain injuries. Not only were family roles and dynamics affected, but also the adolescents reported extensive changes in themselves. There were sudden increases in their responsibilities alongside a sense that they were forced to mature sooner than their peers. The adolescents coped using both approach and avoidance styles of coping. Religion was a theme in the lives of all four adolescents. Despite the professed negative impact of the experience of having a traumatically brain-injured parent, the adolescents in the current study managed to find some degree of positive meaning in having to cope with such a traumatic event and its consequences. Professionals working with brain-injured clients and their families will find value in the present study. The in-depth description of the experience of adolescents with brain-injured parents will be helpful in planning support programmes and interventions following familial brain injuries. The findings of this study have also been the basis for recommendations for future empirical investigations.

The large number of learning disabled children and dearth of appropriate professional resources in most communities have resulted in attempts, by concerned individuals and organizations, to develop community-centred summer programs for these children. This study presents a model for summer programs for learning disabled children that is based on the results of a pilot project designed for such a population. The pilot project provided a two month program for 120 children between the ages of 5 and 11 years. Each child was assigned to one of six groups designed to develop basic skills in the areas of audition, vision, language, attention, gross motor coordination or fine motor coordination. Group assignment was determined by the nature of each child's major disability. The project was designed and supervised by a professional consultant and two graduate students in the field of learning disabilities. Fifteen teenagers were trained to work directly with the children. The model is designed to accommodate 120 learning disabled children between the ages of 5 years 0 months and 8 years 6 months. One aim of the model summer program is to develop deficit basic skills by providing the children with success oriented, sequentially ordered experiences in all areas of sports, gymnastics, music, drama, and arts and crafts. A second aim is to include the children's parents as participant program observers in order to increase their understanding of learning disabilities and to acquaint them with methods of assisting their children at home. This suggested program makes use of the same type of personnel as did the pilot project. The model is designed to meet community-felt needs using the resources available in reality. / Education, Faculty of / Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of / Graduate

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