5 pp. / Strawberries are easy to grow. They provide the first fruit of the season, and are quick to bear. When harvested fully ripe in the home garden they have excellent flavor. In stores they can be expensive and are often harvested prior to being fully ripe. Various types of strawberries are available. Each type has specific environmental requirements such as temperature and hours of daylight for good production. With the wide range of climatic zones in Arizona it is important to choose the right type of strawberry for your growing conditions.

The effect of temperature on fruit and achene characteristics of day-neutral strawberries were tested by two field experiments in Florida and Ontario, and one controlled-environment experiment. The results suggested that fruit became smaller as weather became hotter. This was mainly caused by ovule number and fruit volume/ovule which were determined before flowering. Fruit volume was determined by cell number and cell size. The cell number was determined before flowering, and after flowering there are a constant number of cell divisions. Cell volume plays a relatively minor role on fruit volume and cool temperature increased cell volume. Ovule number was determined 462 degree days before flowering and 14°C appeared to be the optimum temperature for ovule initiation. When there was a smaller proportion of developed achenes, the achenes appeared to be larger and have a similar contribution to fruit development than when there was a larger proportion. ‘Albion’ performed better in Florida, whereas ‘San Andreas’ performed better in Ontario.

Strawberry cultivar performance affected by various cultural practices was investigated in two production systems. The first study investigated strawberry yield, fruit quality, and production timing of eight cultivars when using black and red plastic mulches in a high tunnel production system. The high tunnel increased air temperatures and advanced strawberry fruiting by four to six weeks compared to local openield production. The second study investigated plant growth, yield, and fruit quality of 10 cultivars fertilized with organic or conventional fertilizer and irrigated once or twice daily with the same total irrigation volume in a container system. Strawberry cultivars varied in their yield and quality variables including soluble solids contents, firmness, and titratible acidity in the two production systems. Mulch color, fertilizer type, and irrigation frequency had varying effects on the growth microenvironment, fruit yield, and certain quality variables.

<p>Ba&scaron;tenska jagoda (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.), poznata po svom delikatnom mirisu, ukusu i bogastvu u vitaminima i mineralima, gaji se u svim regionima sveta. Jagode, kao voće sa visokom proizvodnom i upotrebnom vredno&scaron;ću, zahtevaju visoka ulaganja rada i metrijala po jedinici povr&scaron;ine. Imajući ovo u vidu, jagoda zahteva posebnu pažnju u svim etapama proizvodnje (gajenja) tj. od zasnivanja jagodnjaka do berbe i prodaje. Cilj ovog istraživanja je, utvrđivanje investicione vrednosti zasnivanja i ostvarenih ekonomskih efekata koji se postižu u proizvodnji jagode karatkog i neutralnog dana u uslovima jugo-zapadnog Ontarija u Kanadi. Najveća proizvodnja u svetu se ostvaruje u severnoj hemisferi (90,5%). Vodeće zemlje po proizvodnji jagode su: SAD, &Scaron;panija, Japan i Republika Koreja. Ove četiri zemlje čine 47,2% od ukupne svetske proizvodnje. Najveće povećanje kapaciteta jagode postignuto je u južnoj hemisferi. Za prikupljanje podataka o tehnologiji gajenja i investicionoj vrednosti ulaganja u proizvodnji jagode, kori&scaron;ćena je metoda anketiranja. U anketi je učestvovalo 19. proizvođača jagoda kratkog i 9. neutralnog dana u toku 2011. i 2012. godine. Upitnikom su prikupljeni podaci o tehnologije gajenja jagode po radnim operacijama, upotrebi materijala, ma&scaron;ina i radne snageTakođe, evidentirane su i strane usluge, ostvareni prosečni prinosi, prodajni kanali i procenat uče&scaron;ća u ukupnoj prodaji i postignuta prosečna cena.</p><p>Na osnovu prikupljenih podataka izračunati su tro&scaron;kovi zasnivanja jagodnjaka, redovne nege i brbe u prvoj i drugoj godini i ostvareni profit za obe grupe jagode. Jagode kratkog dana se isključivo gaje u redovima na otvorenom, a jagode neutralnog dana na bankovima obloženim belom polietilenskom folijom i instaliranim kap-po-kap sistemom za navodnjavanje. Najveći procenat (70%) jagode kratkog dana se prodaje direktno kupcima na gazdinstvu ili lokalnim pijacama, a 55% jagode neutralnog dana se prodaje kanalima veleprodaje. U proseku, proizvođači jagode kratkog dana su postigli profit $CAD 22.300/ha (29,10% od ukupnog prihoda), a proizvođači jagode neutralnog dana $CAD 37.962/ha (29,50% od ukupnog prihoda). Znači, proizvodnja obe grupe jagoda je veoma profitabilna, i postoji realna osnova za dalje povećanje profita.</p> / <p>The cultivated strawberries (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.), known for its delicate fragrance, flavour, and rich vitamin and mineral content, can be grown in most arable regions of the globe. Strawberry production, like many high-value crops, is resource and labour-intensive. Therefore, attention to detail is required at all stages of strawberry production, from establishment to harvest and marketing. The objective of this study was to determn the cost of strawberry establishment and achived economic effects of short-day and day-neutral strawberry production in south-western Ontario, Canada. The most of the production is located in the northern hemisphere (90.5%). The leading strawberry producing nations are USA, Spain, Japan and Republic of Korea. These four countries counted for 47.2% of all world&rsquo;s strawberry production. The largest increase in strawberry production capacity was recorded in the southern hemisphere. For data collection on procedure for growing a crop of strawberries and investment in strawberry production a survey technique was used. In survey participated 19 short-day and 9 day-neutral strawberry growers and was conducted in 2011 and 2012. The survey recorded strawberry production procedures, materials, equipment and labour use. Also, growers reported external<br />Mr Dragan M. Galić - Doktorska disertacija<br />vii<br />services used, achieved yields, marketing channels of sale, percent of each channel and achieved average sale prices. Based on collected information the cost of establishment, regular care, harvest in first and second year and total income were calculated for both groups of strawberries. Short-day strawberries are grown on matted-rows, while day-neutral on raised beds on white plastic with trickle irrigation installed. Most (70%) of the short-day crop was sold via direct sale (&ldquo;U-pick&rdquo;, ready-picked and farmers&rsquo; market), while 55% of day-neutral strawberries were sold in wholesale. On average, growers of short-day strawberries generated a profit of 22,300 $CAD/ha (29.10% of total income), and growers of day-neutral strawberries 37,962 $CAD/ha (29.50% of total income). Based on this study, both groups of strawberries in Ontario are highly profitable and with great potential for frofit increase.</p>